ENERGYENERGYEnergy Forms, Conversion, Resources Energy Forms, Conversion, Resources

and Conservationand Conservation

ENERGY -ENERGY - the ability to do work the ability to do workEnergy is known by the changes it causesEnergy is known by the changes it causes

WORK -WORK - when a force moves an when a force moves an object through a distanceobject through a distance

Transfer of energyTransfer of energyMeasured in JoulesMeasured in Joules

TYPES OF ENERGYTYPES OF ENERGYKinetic EnergyKinetic Energy - energy of motion - energy of motion – Depends on an objects MASS and SPEEDDepends on an objects MASS and SPEED

Potential EnergyPotential Energy - stored energy due to - stored energy due to position or shapeposition or shape– Depends on an objects MASS and Depends on an objects MASS and

POSITIONPOSITION

TYPES OF ENERGYTYPES OF ENERGY

Gravitational Potential EnergyGravitational Potential Energy – energy that – energy that depends on HEIGHT, MASS & ACCELERATION depends on HEIGHT, MASS & ACCELERATION due to gravitydue to gravity

TYPES OF TYPES OF POTENTIAL ENERGYPOTENTIAL ENERGY

Elastic Potential EnergyElastic Potential Energy - energy that depends - energy that depends on how much an object is STRETCHED or on how much an object is STRETCHED or COMPRESSEDCOMPRESSED

TYPES OF TYPES OF POTENTIAL ENERGYPOTENTIAL ENERGY

FORMS OF ENERGYFORMS OF ENERGYMechanicalMechanical – energy of motion & position – energy of motion & positionThermalThermal – energy of microscopic particles – energy of microscopic particlesChemicalChemical – energy stored in chemical bonds – energy stored in chemical bonds

FORMS OF ENERGYFORMS OF ENERGYElectricalElectrical – energy associated with electric charges – energy associated with electric chargesElectromagneticElectromagnetic – energy that travels in waves – energy that travels in waves NuclearNuclear – energy stored in atomic nuclei – energy stored in atomic nuclei

FORMS OF ENERGYFORMS OF ENERGYIs the energy staying in the Is the energy staying in the same formsame form

in each of these pictures?in each of these pictures?

ENERGY CONVERSION - ENERGY CONVERSION - process of process of converting energy from converting energy from

one form to anotherone form to anotherName some Name some energy conversionsenergy conversions

Is any energy LOST in the conversions?Is any energy LOST in the conversions?

LAW OF CONSERVATIONLAW OF CONSERVATIONOF ENERGY - sOF ENERGY - states that energy tates that energy

CANNOT be created nor destroyedCANNOT be created nor destroyed(can only be converted)(can only be converted)

BEGINNING E = ENDING EBEGINNING E = ENDING E

LAW OF CONSERVATIONLAW OF CONSERVATIONOF ENERGYOF ENERGY

Albert EinsteinAlbert Einstein – famous scientist to – famous scientist to theorize that energy & mass are equal theorize that energy & mass are equal – He also theorized that energy & mass can He also theorized that energy & mass can

be converted into one anotherbe converted into one another

E = mcE = mc22 (theory of relativity) (theory of relativity)

TYPES OF ENERGY TYPES OF ENERGY RESOURCESRESOURCES

NonrenewableNonrenewable – exist in limited quantities & – exist in limited quantities & cannot be replaced (except over millions of cannot be replaced (except over millions of years)years)– creates pollutioncreates pollution– ie. fossil fuelsie. fossil fuels (oil, natural gas, coal)(oil, natural gas, coal) & uranium& uranium

TYPES OF ENERGY TYPES OF ENERGY RESOURCESRESOURCES

RenewableRenewable – can be replaced in a short period – can be replaced in a short period of timeof time– creates very little/no pollutioncreates very little/no pollution– ie. hydroelectric, solar, ie. hydroelectric, solar, geothermal, biomass, geothermal, biomass, nuclear fusion & windnuclear fusion & wind

RENEWABLE ENERGY RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCESRESOURCES

HydroelectricHydroelectric – energy obtained by flowing – energy obtained by flowing waterwater– Gravitational PE Gravitational PE Kinetic E Kinetic E– Water turns turbines connected to Water turns turbines connected to

generatorsgenerators– Pros- low cost & no pollutionPros- low cost & no pollution– Cons - hampers fish spawning, requires lots Cons - hampers fish spawning, requires lots

of land & disrupts animal habitatsof land & disrupts animal habitats

RENEWABLE ENERGY RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCESRESOURCES

SolarSolar – sunlight converted into usable energy – sunlight converted into usable energy– Uses panels or photovoltaic (PV) cellsUses panels or photovoltaic (PV) cells– Pros - no pollutionPros - no pollution– Cons - high cost & climate dependent Cons - high cost & climate dependent

GeothermalGeothermal – thermal energy beneath Earth’s – thermal energy beneath Earth’s surfacesurface– Pumps water into ground which turns into Pumps water into ground which turns into

steam & drives generatorssteam & drives generators– Pros – no pollutionPros – no pollution– Cons – not widely availableCons – not widely available

RENEWABLE ENERGY RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCESRESOURCES

BiomassBiomass – energy stored in living things – energy stored in living things– Burning wood, garbage & cropsBurning wood, garbage & crops– Creation of biofuelsCreation of biofuels– Pros – never ending supplyPros – never ending supply– Cons – some pollution Cons – some pollution

Nuclear fusionNuclear fusion – fusion of hydrogen atoms – fusion of hydrogen atoms– Pros – little waste & no pollutionPros – little waste & no pollution– Cons – technology not advanced enoughCons – technology not advanced enough

RENEWABLE ENERGY RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCESRESOURCES

WindWind – horizontal movement of air turns – horizontal movement of air turns turbines which turns a generator & creates turbines which turns a generator & creates electricityelectricity– Pros – no pollutionPros – no pollution– Cons – need wind, eye sore & requires lots of Cons – need wind, eye sore & requires lots of

landland

ENERGY CONSERVATION – ENERGY CONSERVATION – finding finding ways to use less energy or use ways to use less energy or use

energy more efficientlyenergy more efficiently

ie. Turn off lights, carpool, energy efficient ie. Turn off lights, carpool, energy efficient appliances & light bulbsappliances & light bulbsCan you think of other ways to conserve Can you think of other ways to conserve energy?energy?

WORKS CITEDWORKS CITEDusers.tpg.com.auusers.tpg.com.autiki.oneworld.nettiki.oneworld.net www.naseg.co.ukwww.naseg.co.uk www.lpea.comwww.lpea.comespn.go.comespn.go.comwww.hsdejong.nlwww.hsdejong.nl techalive.mtu.edutechalive.mtu.edu www.phschool.comwww.phschool.com www.flickr.comwww.flickr.comwww.helixcharter.netwww.helixcharter.netwww.maltaconference.comwww.maltaconference.comffden-2.phys.uaf.eduffden-2.phys.uaf.eduwww.danishexporters.dkwww.danishexporters.dk www.efluids.comwww.efluids.comwww.edha.co.ukwww.edha.co.ukwww.free-graphics.comwww.free-graphics.com