energy “energy is the eternal delight.” kaetlyn kerr, judene tingling, shakira mai, joanna evans...
TRANSCRIPT
Energy
“Energy is the eternal delight.”
Kaetlyn Kerr, Judene Tingling, Shakira Mai, Joanna Evans
(William Blake)
Overview• Introduction• Implications and Challenges to:
-Institutional Dimension-Economic Dimension-Environmental Dimension-Social Dimension
• Overall Challenges• Recommendations• Conclusion• References
Introduction•Renewable Resources
SolarWindHydro
Goal- Sustainable Energy
•Non-renewable Resources
PetroleumCoal
Natural Gas
Belize’s Energy
http://www.puc.bz/publications/energy%20sector%20diagnostic%20report%20final.pdf
Belize Institutions
• Ministry of Budget Management, Investment and Public Utilities
• The Public Utilities Commission • National Energy Plan
• Office of Electricity Supply
Legislation
• Belize Electricity Board, Act. 1950
• Belize Electricity Limited, Act. 1992
• Public Utilities, Act. 1999
Fortis, Inc• Canada and the Caribbean.
• Subsidiaries
• BEL• BECOL
http://www.bel.com.bz/
BEL- Belize Electricity Limited
• 70% owned by Fortis, Inc. • 27% Social Security Board• - Generate• - Transmit • - Supply electricity
National Grid = BEL’s diesel generators+ Mollejon Hydro Plant + Comision Federal de Electricidad (CFE).
Implications: Foreign dependency
http://www.bel.com.bz/about_companyprofile.asp#
BECOL
• Belize Electric Company.
• Subsidiary of Fortis, Inc.
• 2034
• Implications:Foreign dependency
http://sanpedrosun.net/old/06-043.html
Belize Sugar Industries Limited• Belize Co-Generation Energy
Limited (Belcogen)= bagasse.
• 61 Million US dollars.
• 27.5 MW capacity co-generation power plant.
http://www.channel5belize.com/archive_detail_story.php?story_id=18182
Challenges for Institutions
• Institutions working together.
• Funding for sustainable projects.
• Implementing policies and regulations.
MISSION STATEMENT
“Our commitment to our customers…deliver high quality electricity supply to
meet need…at a reasonable rate.”
Have you heard of cheaper electricity rates??
http://www.bel.com.bz/about_mission.asp
Economic Dimension
HOW DO WE STAND?
• 30% of Belize's population are poor.• April of 2005 showed that the rate of
unemployment was 11%.• Energy prices rising up after the
construction of the dam. With the construction of the dam we were promised cheaper electrical rates.
• What does it mean now that the price in electricity has gone up?
Country
• 85% of Belize's energy comes from Mexico.
• Chalillo (7.5MW) and Mollejon(25MW) plants = 17 cents per kilowatt hour (kWh).
• Mexico = 44 cents per kWh • Diesel generators = 42 cents per
kWh. • Chalillo supposed to save = $4
million dollars annually at current prices but NOT.• Why?
How does this affect the people?• Economically – there are other bills to pay
at the end of month, lack of jobs that are available.
• If rates are high then this leads to risk of not being able to pay. Resulting in a disconnection.
• Reconnection? • Commercial- $25, • Residential-$10• There’s a price for everything.
Implementations in action
• The P.U.C- To regulate the BEL’S electricity rate
• They ensure that BEL provides customers with safe, reliable, and quality service at a reasonable price.
• National Energy Plan.
Environmental Dimension
Energy Sources and Uses
•Imported fossil fuels (kerosene, gasoline, diesel).•Imported electricity•Biomass•Hydroelectricity Uses•Transportation, generation of electricity, cooking, production, etc.
ImplicationsEnvironmental Cost of Energy
Production
• Emission of pollutants
• Detrimental effects of accidents
• Alterations of natural ecosystems
Fossil Fuels• Oil is a precious commodity
• Cost of extraction• High energy output
• Emissions of CO2 and other pollutants• Increase in vehicles (5% cars, 8% trucks)
• Degradation of natural ecosystems• Death of corals• State of canals, drains and soil
• Effects of accidents• Oil in Belize…
Fossil Fuels- Transportation
Challenges• No energy policy
• Lack of comprehensive studies done
• Lack of finances and trained personnel
• Lack of adequate equipment
Biomass- Implications & Challenges
• Many still use firewood• Increased deforestation (2.3%),
(Young, 2006)• Loss of habitat and ecosystem services
However• Though plentiful sources-lack of
infrastructure to meet demand• In adequate staff to manage• Poverty
Hydroelectricity: Implications & Challenges
• Controls floods• Produces power without emissions• Disrupts seasonal changes in river
and natural ecosystems• Biomagnifications of mercury in fishHowever,• Corruption• Proper research
RecommendationsNational• Old model vehicles have higher
import duty• Develop National Energy Policy• Poverty Alleviation Plan• Education• Invest in alternative sourcesIndividual• Carpooling• Educated consumers
Social Dimension
Social Dimension of Energy• Look not simply at GDP but also at
distribution of resources and opportunity across society.
• HDI- life expectancy, adult literacy and enrolment at the primary, secondary and tertiary level and a decent standard of living (measured by purchasing power parity, PPP, income).
• Belize’s HDI is 95.
http://www.lib.utah.edu/services/programs/gould/1998/Figure_9.gif
Human Development Index
SocialEnergy per se is not a need, but it is
absolutely essential to deliver:
• Adequate living conditions• Food*• Water*• Health care • Education• Shelter • Employment
Energy and Food• Energy availability is a key
determinant of:• How and how much food is grown
• How food is cooked
• The health impacts of how food is cooked
Energy and Health• Energy quality directly effects
people.• Fuelwood
• Hydro
• Oil
• Electricity
ConclusionCurrently, we believe Belize is not meeting
all the sustainable requirements when it comes to energy.
• Institutions• Foreign Dependency• Non-renewable resources;
However, we believe we are moving in the right direction.
Comprehensive Recommendations
• Politics and organizations.
• Implement energy policy.
• Individual efficiency.
Works Cited
BELCOGEN says power plant project ready to start. (2007). Great Belize Productions, Ltd. http://www.channel5belize.com/archive_detail_story.php?story_id=18182
Belize produces electricity with Chalillo Dam (2006).The Island Newspaper. Ambergris Caye, Belize. Vol. 16, No. 4. http://sanpedrosun.net/old/06-043.html
Blake, William. Energy System and Sustainability- POWER FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE. ( retrieved 09th April,2007)
Central Statistics Office. http://www.cso.gov.bz/
Company Profile. Belize Electricity Limited. (2007). http://www.bel.com.bz/about_companyprofile.asp#
Energy Business Review Online. (2007). http://www.energy-business-review.com/companyprofile.asp?guid=68E3DF3F-4636-46ED-8919680F89B926A8&CType=Background
Guide for Renewable Energy Projects in Belize. (2001) http://www.bun-ca.org/publicaciones/Belize.pdf
Inter-American Investment Corporation. (2006). http://www.iic.int/projects/view.asp?ID=285&origin=results&QS='union=and&viewby=50&startrec=1&pg_151=4&top_parent=151
Mission statement. B.E.L. website: http://www.bel.com.bz/about_mission.asp
National Energy Plan. Public Utility Commission. Website: http://www.puc.bz/nep.asp