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California Career Technical Education Model Curriculum Standards

Table of ContentsEnergy, Environment, and Utilities

Overview ............................................................................................................................................ iii

California Standards for Career Ready Practice ........................................................................... vi

Sector Description .............................................................................................................................1

Knowledge and Performance Anchor Standards ............................................................................2

1.0 Academics ..........................................................................................................................................2

2.0 Communications ...............................................................................................................................2

3.0 Career Planning and Management ..............................................................................................2

4.0 Technology .........................................................................................................................................3

5.0 Problem Solving and Critical Thinking .......................................................................................3

6.0 Health and Safety ............................................................................................................................3

7.0 Responsibility and Flexibility ........................................................................................................4

8.0 Ethics and Legal Responsibilities .................................................................................................4

9.0 Leadership and Teamwork ..............................................................................................................5

10.0 Technical Knowledge and Skills ....................................................................................................5

11.0 Demonstration and Application ...................................................................................................6

Pathway Standards ............................................................................................................................7

A. Environmental Resources Pathway .................................................................................................7

B. Energy and Power Technology Pathway ......................................................................................10

C. Telecommunications Pathway ........................................................................................................13

Academic Alignment Matrix ..........................................................................................................17

Contributors .....................................................................................................................................36

References ........................................................................................................................................38

EEU | California Career Technical Education Model Curriculum Standardsii

Overview

The Career Technical Education (CTE) Model Curriculum Standards publication is organized for use as a complete document or for access to individual industry sectors and pathways. The document includes Standards for Career Ready Practice—which describe the knowledge and skills that students need prior to entering a career technical education program—as part of the career technical educa-tion sequence or as integrated elements of other course work in preparation for careers and college.

Each of the 15 industry sector sections includes a description, anchor standards, pathway standards, and an academic alignment matrix. The standards can be adjusted to be part of the curriculum (grades seven through twelve), provided through adult education, or included in community col-lege programs. The document also lists the representatives who participated in each sector’s content development and the references that were consulted to revise the CTE standards.

Standards for Career Ready PracticeCalifornia’s Standards for Career Ready Practice, which follow this overview, are based on the Career Ready Practices of the Common Career Technical Core (CCTC), a state-led initiative sponsored by the National Association of State Directors of Career Technical Education Consortium (NASDCTEc):

Career Ready Practices describe the career-ready skills that educators should seek to develop in their students. These practices are not exclusive to a Career Pathway, program of study, discipline or level of education. Career Ready Practices should be taught and reinforced in all career exploration and preparation programs with increasingly higher levels of complexity and expectation as a student advances through a program of study. (NASDCTEc 2012, 2)

California’s 12 Standards for Career Ready Practice align with the state’s CTE anchor standards and reflect the expectations from business and industry, labor and community organizations, and second-ary and postsecondary education representatives from 42 participating states.

Anchor StandardsThe 11 anchor standards build on the Standards for Career Ready Practice and are common across the 15 industry sectors. Content for these standards was drawn from several documents: “Preparing Students for the 21st Century Economy” (American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education and the Partnership for 21st Century Skills 2010); How Should Colleges Prepare Students to Succeed in Today’s Global Economy? (Association of American Colleges and Universities and Peter D. Hart Research Associates, Inc. 2006); “Importance of Skills and Knowledge for College and Career Readiness,” from The MetLife Survey of the American Teacher: Preparing Students for College and Careers (MetLife, Inc. 2011); and Are They Really Ready to Work? Employers’ Perspectives on the Basic Knowledge and Applied Skills of New Entrants to the 21st Century U.S. Workforce (The Conference Board et al. 2006).

Each anchor standard is followed by performance indicators using action verbs from the Beyond Knowledge Construct, presented in a hierarchical progression of simple tasks to more complex tasks. Performance indicators provide guidance for curriculum design and standards measurement.

|Energy, Environment, and Utilities EEU iii

EEU | California Career Technical Education Model Curriculum Standards

The industry-sector anchor standards have been customized with selected additions to better reflect the needs and special conditions of each industry sector.

Anchor Standard 1 (Academics) guides users to sector-specific core academic standards related to each industry sector, which are listed in the alignment matrix at the end of each sector section. Anchor standards 2–10 are deliberately aligned with one of the Common Core English language arts standards, using similar language demonstrating the natural connections between the two subjects. Anchor Standard 11 (Demonstration and Application) highlights classroom, laboratory, and workplace learning specific to the individual sector and pathways.

Pathway StandardsAll 15 industry sectors contain multiple pathways. In order to be identified and listed for an industry sector, each pathway had to meet the following criteria:

• unique to an industry sector

• has an occupational focus

• consistent in size and scope

• composed of similar functions

• inclusive of all aspects of the industry

• includes 8–12 pathway-specific standards

• demonstrates sequence potential

• reasonable and appropriate for high school

• leads to high-skill, high-wage, or high-demand jobs

• sustainable and viable over the next 10 years

Academic Alignment MatrixEach sector includes an academic alignment matrix that displays where a natural, obvious alignment occurs. Compiled by five teams of academic content experts in collaboration with industry-sector consultants, teachers, and other advisers, the alignment was selected if it was determined that the pathway standard would enhance, reinforce, or provide an application for a specific academic subject standard.

The alignment matrices include the subjects of Common Core English language arts and mathemat-ics standards, history/social studies standards, and Next Generation Science Core Ideas. To assist with further review and implementation, each academic alignment is notated with specific pathway standards codes.

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Energy, Environment, and Utilities | EEU

ImplementationThe Standards for Career Ready Practice can be integrated with a course or incorporated into several courses over multiple school years (grades seven through twelve). The practices are expectations for all students, whether they are enrolled in a CTE program or following a more generalized course sequence. It is expected that all students who exit high school will be proficient in these practices.

The anchor standards are the basis for each of the pathways within each sector. These standards are designed to assist with the development of course curricula and instructional lesson plans; they describe what is to be taught and measured. In most cases, the teacher determines the sequence and strategies to be used to meet the needs of the student population he or she is serving.

The performance indicators that follow each standard offer guidance for both course design and student assessment. They are intended to guide course work as it is developed. The pathways organize the standards with a career focus, but they are not designed to be offered as single courses. Rather, the standards from each pathway are collected and organized into a sequence of learning. To meet local demands of business and industry and particular student populations, standards can be collected from more than one sector to create a course.

Using the academic alignment matrices as a resource, academic and CTE teachers can see where enhancements and support for both sets of standards can be initiated. CTE teachers can quickly iden-tify academic standards that have a substantial relationship to their instruction. Likewise, academic teachers can specify individual academic standards and quickly identify related CTE standards, which will assist them in incorporating application and technology in their curricula and lessons.

The CTE Model Curriculum Standards are intended to serve the entire education community—from middle schools and high schools to postsecondary colleges and career training programs. A major aim of these standards is to prepare students for postsecondary education and training and to help them make a smooth transition into the workforce. In order for both the people and the economy of Cali-fornia to prosper, it is essential for all students to emerge from schools ready to pursue their career and college goals. Equipping all high school students with the knowledge and skills necessary to plan and manage their education and careers throughout their lives will help to guarantee these important outcomes. Strong CTE programs will continue to provide important educational opportunities to assist students as they pursue their dreams and strive for economic prosperity. The CTE Model Curriculum Standards are a resource for educators and the business world for ensuring high-quality CTE learning experiences and improved student outcomes in the twenty-first-century economy.

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California Standards for Career Ready Practice

Standards for Career Ready Practice describe the fundamental knowledge and skills that a career-ready student needs in order to prepare for transition to postsecondary education, career training, or the workforce. These standards are not exclusive to a career pathway, a CTE program of study, a par-ticular discipline, or level of education. Standards for Career Ready Practice are taught and reinforced in all career exploration and preparation programs with increasingly higher levels of complexity and expectation as a student advances through a program of study. Standards for Career Ready Practice are a valuable resource to CTE and academic teachers designing curricula and lessons in order to teach and reinforce the career-ready aims of the CTE Model Curriculum Standards and the Common Core State Standards.

1. Apply appropriate technical skills and academic knowledge.Career-ready individuals readily access and use the knowledge and skills acquired through experience and education. They make connections between abstract concepts with real-world applications and recognize the value of academic preparation for solving problems, communicating with others, calcu-lating measures, and other work-related practices.

2. Communicate clearly, effectively, and with reason.Career-ready individuals communicate thoughts, ideas, and action plans with clarity, using written, verbal, electronic, and/or visual methods. They are skilled at interacting with others, are active listen-ers who speak clearly and with purpose, and are comfortable with the terminology common to the workplace environment. Career-ready individuals consider the audience for their communication and prepare accordingly to ensure the desired outcome.

3. Develop an education and career plan aligned with personal goals.Career-ready individuals take personal ownership of their own educational and career goals and man-age their individual plan to attain these goals. They recognize the value of each step in the educa-tional and experiential process and understand that nearly all career paths require ongoing education and experience to adapt to practices, procedures, and expectations of an ever-changing work envi-ronment. They seek counselors, mentors, and other experts to assist in the planning and execution of education and career plans.

4. Apply technology to enhance productivity.Career-ready individuals find and maximize the productive value of existing and new technology to accomplish workplace tasks and solve workplace problems. They are flexible and adaptive in acquir-ing and using new technology. They understand the inherent risks—personal and organizational—of technology applications, and they take actions to prevent or mitigate these risks.

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5. Utilize critical thinking to make sense of problems and persevere in solving them.Career-ready individuals recognize problems in the workplace, understand the nature of the problems, and devise effective plans to solve the problems. They thoughtfully investigate the root cause of a problem prior to introducing solutions. They carefully consider options to solve the problem and, once agreed upon, follow through to ensure the problem is resolved.

6. Practice personal health and understand financial literacy.Career-ready individuals understand the relationship between personal health and workplace perfor-mance. They contribute to their personal well-being through a healthy diet, regular exercise, and men-tal health activities. Career-ready individuals also understand that financial literacy leads to a secure future that enables career success.

7. Act as a responsible citizen in the workplace and the community.Career-ready individuals understand the obligations and responsibilities of being a member of a com-munity and demonstrate this understanding every day through their interactions with others. They are aware of the impacts of their decisions on others and the environment around them and think about the short-term and long-term consequences of their actions. They are reliable and consistent in going beyond minimum expectations and in participating in activities that serve the greater good.

8. Model integrity, ethical leadership, and effective management.Career-ready individuals consistently act in ways that align with personal and community-held ideals and principles. They employ ethical behaviors and actions that positively influence others. They have a clear understanding of integrity and act on this understanding in every decision. They use a variety of means to positively impact the direction and actions of a team or organization, and they recognize the short-term and long-term effects that management’s actions and attitudes can have on produc-tivity, morale, and organizational culture.

9. Work productively in teams while integrating cultural and global competence.Career-ready individuals positively contribute to every team as both team leaders and team members. They apply an awareness of cultural differences to avoid barriers to productive and positive interac-tion. They interact effectively and sensitively with all members of the team and find ways to increase the engagement and contribution of other members.

10. Demonstrate creativity and innovation.Career-ready individuals recommend ideas that solve problems in new and different ways and con-tribute to the improvement of the organization. They consider unconventional ideas and suggestions by others as solutions to issues, tasks, or problems. They discern which ideas and suggestions may have the greatest value. They seek new methods, practices, and ideas from a variety of sources and apply those ideas to their own workplace practices.

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11. Employ valid and reliable research strategies.Career-ready individuals employ research practices to plan and carry out investigations, create solu-tions, and keep abreast of the most current findings related to workplace environments and practices. They use a reliable research process to search for new information and confirm the validity of sources when considering the use and adoption of external information or practices.

12. Understand the environmental, social, and economic impacts of decisions.Career-ready individuals understand the interrelated nature of their actions and regularly make deci-sions that positively impact other people, organizations, the workplace, and the environment. They are aware of and utilize new technologies, understandings, procedures, and materials and adhere to regulations affecting the nature of their work. They are cognizant of impacts on the social condition, environment, workplace, and profitability of the organization.

Note: As stated previously, California’s Standards for Career Ready Practice are based on the CCTC Career Ready Practices posted at https://careertech.org/ (accessed June 8, 2016).

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http://www.careertech.org/


Energy, Environment, and Utilities

Sector DescriptionThis sector is designed to provide a foundation of knowledge and skills in careers

related to energy, environment, and utilities. The pathways emphasize real-world,

occupationally relevant knowledge, skills, and experiences of significant scope and

depth in Environmental Resources, Energy and Power Technology, and Telecommu-

nications. The standards integrate academic and technical preparation and focus

on career awareness, career exploration, preparation for entry to technical-level

employment, and alignment with postsecondary programs focused on energy,

utilities, and related fields.

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Energy, Environment, and UtilitiesKnowledge and Performance Anchor Standards

1.0 AcademicsAnalyze and apply appropriate academic standards required for successful industry sector pathway completion leading to postsecondary education and employment. Refer to the Energy, Environment, and Utilities academic alignment matrix for identification of standards.

2.0 CommunicationsAcquire, and accurately use Energy, Environment, and Utilities sector terminology and protocols at the career and college readiness level for communicating effectively in oral, written, and multimedia formats. (Direct alignment with LS 9-10, 11-12.6)

2.1 Recognize the elements of communication using a sender–receiver model.

2.2 Identify barriers to accurate and appropriate communication.

2.3 Interpret verbal and nonverbal communications and respond appropriately.

2.4 Demonstrate elements of written and electronic communication such as accurate spelling, grammar, and format.

2.5 Communicate information and ideas effectively to multiple audiences using a variety of media and formats.

2.6 Advocate and practice safe, legal, and responsible use of digital media information and communications technologies.

3.0 Career Planning and ManagementIntegrate multiple sources of career information from diverse formats to make informed career decisions, solve problems, and manage personal career plans. (Direct alignment with SLS 11-12.2)

3.1 Identify personal interests, aptitudes, information, and skills necessary for informed career decision making.

3.2 Evaluate personal character traits such as trust, respect, and responsibility and understand the impact they can have on career success.

3.3 Explore how information and communication technologies are used in career planning and decision making.

3.4 Research the scope of career opportunities available and the requirements for education, training, certification, and licensure.

3.5 Integrate changing employment trends, societal needs, and economic conditions into career planning.

3.6 Recognize the role and function of professional organizations, industry associations, and organized labor in a productive society.

3.7 Recognize the importance of small business in the California and global economies.

3.8 Understand how digital media are used by potential employers and postsecondary agencies to evaluate candidates.

3.9 Develop a career plan that reflects career interests, pathways, and postsecondary options.

EEU | California Career Technical Education Model Curriculum Standards2


4.0 TechnologyUse existing and emerging technology to investigate, research, and produce products and services, including new information, as required in the Energy, Environment, and Utilities sector workplace environment. (Direct alignment with WS 11-12.6)

4.1 Use electronic reference materials to gather information and produce products and services.

4.2 Employ Web-based communications responsibly and effectively to explore complex systems and issues.

4.3 Use information and communication technologies to synthesize, summarize, compare, and contrast information from multiple sources.

4.4 Discern the quality and value of information collected using digital technologies, and recognize bias and intent of the associated sources.

4.5 Research past, present, and projected technological advances as they impact a particular pathway.

4.6 Assess the value of various information and communication technologies to interact with constituent populations as part of a search of the current literature or in relation to the information task.

5.0 Problem Solving and Critical ThinkingConduct short, as well as more sustained, research to create alternative solutions to answer a question or solve a problem unique to the Energy, Environment, and Utilities sector using critical and creative thinking; logical reasoning, analysis, inquiry, and problem-solving techniques. (Direct alignment with WS 11-12.7)

5.1 Identify and ask significant questions that clarify various points of view to solve problems.

5.2 Solve predictable and unpredictable work-related problems using various types of reasoning (inductive, deductive) as appropriate.

5.3 Use systems thinking to analyze how various components interact with each other to produce outcomes in a complex work environment.

5.4 Interpret information and draw conclusions, based on the best analysis, to make informed decisions.

6.0 Health and SafetyDemonstrate health and safety procedures, regulations, and personal health practices and determine the meaning of symbols, key terms, and domain-specific words and phrases as related to the Energy, Environment, and Utilities sector workplace environment. (Direct alignment with RSTS 9-10, 11-12.4)

6.1 Locate, and adhere to, Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) instructions.

6.2 Interpret policies, procedures, and regulations for the workplace environment, including employer and employee responsibilities.

6.3 Use health and safety practices for storing, cleaning, and maintaining tools, equipment, and supplies.

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6.4 Practice personal safety when lifting, bending, or moving equipment and supplies.

6.5 Demonstrate how to prevent and respond to work-related accidents or injuries; this includes demonstrating an understanding of ergonomics.

6.6 Maintain a safe and healthful working environment.

6.7 Review the responsibility of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) to ensure workplace safety.

6.8 Identify both potential hazards and accident scenarios in the work environment.

6.9 Follow established safety procedures (OSHA regulations and utility company procedures).

6.10 Evaluate changes in the environment with respect to their impact on safety of self and others.

6.11 Comply with energy industry safety procedures and proper ways to perform work.

6.12 Use safety equipment as specified by user manuals and safety training.

6.13 Use personal protective equipment (PPE), including safety glasses, hearing protection, gloves, work boots, and hard hats.

6.14 Keep personal safety equipment in good working order.

6.15 Use tools and equipment in compliance with user manuals and training.

6.16 Recognize potential and actual hazardous conditions as they arise.

7.0 Responsibility and FlexibilityInitiate, and participate in, a range of collaborations demonstrating behaviors that reflect personal and professional responsibility, flexibility, and respect in the Energy, Environment, and Utilities sector workplace environment and community settings. (Direct alignment with SLS 9-10, 11-12.1)

7.1 Recognize how financial management impacts the economy, workforce, and community.

7.2 Explain the importance of accountability and responsibility in fulfilling personal, community, and workplace roles.

7.3 Understand the need to adapt to changing and varied roles and responsibilities.

7.4 Practice time management and efficiency to fulfill responsibilities.

7.5 Apply high-quality techniques to product or presentation design and development.

7.6 Demonstrate knowledge and practice of responsible financial management.

7.7 Demonstrate the qualities and behaviors that constitute a positive and professional work demeanor, including appropriate attire for the profession.

7.8 Explore issues of global significance and document the impact on the Energy, Environment, and Utilities sector.

8.0 Ethics and Legal ResponsibilitiesPractice professional, ethical, and legal behavior, responding thoughtfully to diverse perspectives and resolving contradictions when possible, consistent with applicable laws, regulations, and organizational norms. (Direct alignment with SLS 11-12.1d)

8.1 Access, analyze, and implement quality assurance standards of practice.

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8.2 Identify local, district, state, and federal regulatory agencies, entities, laws, and regulations related to the Energy, Environment, and Utilities industry sector.

8.3 Demonstrate ethical and legal practices consistent with Energy, Environment, and Utilities sector workplace standards.

8.4 Explain the importance of personal integrity, confidentiality, and ethical behavior in the workplace.

8.5 Analyze organizational culture and practices within the workplace environment.

8.6 Adhere to copyright and intellectual property laws and regulations, and use and appropriately cite proprietary information.

8.7 Conform to rules and regulations regarding sharing of confidential information, as determined by Energy, Environment, and Utilities sector laws and practices.

9.0 Leadership and TeamworkWork with peers to promote divergent and creative perspectives, effective leadership, group dynamics, team and individual decision making, benefits of workforce diversity, and conflict resolution as prac-ticed in the SkillsUSA career technical student organization. (Direct alignment with SLS 11-12.1b)

9.1 Define leadership and identify the responsibilities, competencies, and behaviors of successful leaders.

9.2 Identify the characteristics of successful teams, including leadership, cooperation, collabora-tion, and effective decision-making skills as applied in groups, teams, and career technical student organization activities.

9.3 Understand the characteristics and benefits of teamwork, leadership, and citizenship in the school, community, and workplace setting.

9.4 Explain how professional associations and organizations and associated leadership develop-ment and competitive career development activities enhance academic preparation, promote career choices, and contribute to employment opportunities.

9.5 Understand that the modern world is an international community and requires an expanded global view.

9.6 Respect individual and cultural differences and recognize the importance of diversity in the workplace.

9.7 Participate in interactive teamwork to solve real Energy, Environment, and Utilities sector issues and problems.

10.0 Technical Knowledge and SkillsApply essential technical knowledge and skills common to all pathways in the Energy, Environment, and Utilities sector.

10.1 Interpret and explain terminology and practices specific to the Energy, Environment, and Utilities sector.

10.2 Comply with the rules, regulations, and expectations of all aspects of the Energy, Environment, and Utilities sector.

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10.3 Construct projects and products specific to the Energy, Environment, and Utilities sector requirements and expectations.

10.4 Coordinate with industry experts for specific technical knowledge and skills.

10.5 Maintain and troubleshoot equipment used in the energy, environment, and utilities industry.

10.6 Identify and evaluate questions that require skilled investigation to solve current problems cited in literature or media, or observed through personal observations.

11.0 Demonstration and ApplicationDemonstrate and apply the knowledge and skills contained in the Energy, Environment, and Utilities anchor standards, pathway standards, and performance indicators in classroom, laboratory, and workplace settings, and through the SkillsUSA career technical student organization.

11.1 Utilize work-based/workplace learning experiences to demonstrate and expand upon knowledge and skills gained during classroom instruction and laboratory practices specific to the Energy, Environment, and Utilities sector program of study.

11.2 Demonstrate proficiency in a career technical pathway that leads to certification, licensure, and/or continued learning at the postsecondary level.

11.3 Demonstrate entrepreneurship skills and knowledge of self-employment options and innovative ventures.

11.4 Employ entrepreneurial practices and behaviors appropriate to Energy, Environment, and Utilities sector opportunities.

11.5 Create a portfolio, or similar collection of work, that offers evidence through assessment and evaluation of skills and knowledge competency as contained in the anchor standards, pathway standards, and performance indicators.

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Energy, Environment, and UtilitiesPathway Standards

A. Environmental Resources PathwayThe Environmental Resources pathway prepares students for employment, postsecondary education, and/or training in a variety of environmental industries.

Sample occupations associated with this pathway:

Air Quality Technician

Climatologist

Environmental Biologist/Technician/Scientist

Environmental Health and Safety Officer

Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response Technician

A1.0 Identify energy resources and the effects of these resources on the environment.

A1.1 Classify energy resources by type: depletable, nondepletable, renewable, and nonrenewable.

A1.2 Discover new and emerging energy resources.

A1.3 Compare the advantages and disadvantages of energy resources in terms of the effects on the environment.

A1.4 List jobs in the community that result from, or are influenced by, processing and using energy resources.

A2.0 Identify and describe the global interactive systems and elements that create and sustain climate.

A2.1 Describe the natural elements that interact to create climate.

A2.2 Identify world climate patterns and summarize factors that affect climate.

A2.3 Analyze the impact of climate upon human activities and needs.

A2.4 Identify the greenhouse effect and climate change.

A2.5 Explain how greenhouse gases are generated.

A2.6 Assess impacts of greenhouse gases on the environment.

A3.0 Evaluate regional interactive systems and elements that create harmful environmental effects.

A3.1 Describe the sources of, and impacts attributable to, pollution and contamination.

A3.2 Recognize the actions that cause resource depletion.

A3.3 Define the causes of erosion and soil depletion.

A3.4 Describe the attributes and proliferation of hardscape.

A3.5 Identify the sources of, and impacts attributable to, habitat alteration.

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A4.0 Research the environmental implications of energy conversion processes and energy transmis-sion systems.

A4.1 Define the basic terms, characteristics, and concepts of physical and chemical processes related to energy conversion.

A4.2 Identify the basic principles of energy systems, including chemical, hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical, nuclear, solar, wind, and geothermal.

A4.3 Analyze the impacts of energy conversion processes as they relate to activities across the environment.

A5.0 Identify the role and impact of waste management systems and their operations on the environment.

A5.1 Understand the role of waste and storm water management systems, their operation, and their impact on the environment.

A5.2 Explore the causes and effects of pollution linked to wastewater treatment facilities.

A5.3 Identify wastewater treatment processes that lessen environmental impacts and improve water reuse.

A5.4 Explain the types and sources of hazardous waste and associated safety practices and legal requirements for handling and disposing of such waste.

A5.5 Design solid waste disposal processes that lessen environmental impacts and improve recycling.

A6.0 Understand the field of land use management and its potential for environmental impact.

A6.1 Describe the need for, and role of, habitat preservation.

A6.2 Describe the composition, role, and function of ecosystems, including trends affecting viability.

A6.3 Demonstrate the need for, and methods of, land use planning.

A6.4 Identify the aspects of land use planning and describe current trends.

A6.5 Summarize the relationship between land use planning and energy use and distribution.

A6.6 Explain the laws and regulations pertaining to land use planning.

A6.7 Develop strategies to maximize the effectiveness of land use planning.

A7.0 Research the role of air quality management and systems, their operations, and their impact on the environment.

A7.1 Understand the elements that create outdoor air quality.

A7.2 Summarize the causes of air pollutants and their chemical composition.

A7.3 Research air pollutants and their threat to human health.

A7.4 Understand U.S. and California laws and regulations related to air pollution control programs and health effects of air pollution.

A7.5 Describe the basic U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and California Air Resources Board (ARB) roles and regulations.

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A8.0 Implement processes to support energy efficiency.

A8.1 Understand the relationship between power and energy efficiency.

A8.2 Outline how domestic and industrial appliances and systems affect the environment, such as water units and heating and cooling systems.

A8.3 Compare costs of alternate/renewable energy sources, systems, and appliances and traditional energy sources, systems, and appliances.

A8.4 Conduct an energy audit.

A9.0 Research drinking-water sources, systems, treatment, and conservation.

A9.1 Understand water reuse: issues, strategies, technologies, and applications.

A9.2 Analyze strategies for improving energy efficiencies in water collection and distribution.

A9.3 Describe the role of environmental engineering and green energy in water systems.

A9.4 Understand the functions and operations of water storage, reservoirs, aqueducts, and dams.

A10.0 Evaluate the impact and flow management of storm water, rivers, and groundwater.

A10.1 Understand the designs and tools used in water flow management.

A10.2 Describe watershed modeling.

A10.3 Understand the principles and applications of drainage engineering.

A10.4 Use the Hydrologic Engineering Centers River Analysis System (HEC-RAS).

A10.5 Analyze and interpret contaminated harbor and river sediment.

A10.6 Describe the concerns and strategies for catastrophic storm water events and management.

A11.0 Prepare an efficient solar heated water design and installation plan.

A11.1 Identify the characteristics of solar heated water design and installation.

A11.2 Describe the requirements of solar water heaters that meet regulations.

A11.3 Describe solar hot water financial support programs and regulations.

A11.4 Analyze efficient solar water heating systems.

A12.0 Identify and analyze issues, legislation, and regulations related to energy and the environment.

A12.1 Identify and discuss major environmental laws and policies, including the regulatory and legislative processes used to create such laws.

A12.2 Understand current regulations concerning recycling, solid waste, land use management, water quality, and renewable and nonrenewable energy.

A12.3 Compare and contrast environmental laws and regulations that may have a positive or negative impact on the environment and the economy.

A12.4 Create an environmental law or regulation and explain how it will impact the environment.

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B. Energy and Power Technology PathwayThe Energy and Power Technology pathway provides learning opportunities for students interested in preparing for careers in the energy and power industries.


Energy Efficiency Evaluation Specialist

Energy Engineer

Energy Generation/Power Distribution, Maintenance, Inspection, and Repair Technicians

Energy/Building Retrofit Specialist

Plant/Field Weatherization Installer

B1.0 Explore the basic conventional and emerging principles and concepts of the energy industry, including energy production, energy transmission, and alternative energy technologies.

B1.1 Describe the past, present, and anticipated demand for, and use of, energy.

B1.2 Identify the differences and challenges in energy needs, sources, and uses in developing regions.

B1.3 Explain the flow of energy from generation through distribution to the customer.

B1.4 Demonstrate an understanding of basic direct current (DC) electrical-circuit skills.

B1.5 Identify the role and function of generation, transmission, and distribution organizations.

B1.6 Explain the different structures of energy companies, including investor-owned utilities, municipalities (and associated utility practices, such as water/wastewater), electric cooperatives, and independent power producers and the different lines of energy business, including electric and gas.

B1.7 Explain the role of regulatory bodies in the energy industry (Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Public Utilities Commission [PUC]).

B1.8 Describe the process of electric metering and billing for energy consumption.

B2.0 Identify various conventional electric power generation fuel sources and the cost and efficiency issues associated with each.

B2.1 Explain the conventional electric power generation system and process (coal, oil, natural gas, solar, wind, geothermal, and hydroelectric).

B2.2 Explain how each source was created and is used to produce electricity.

B2.3 Evaluate and list the advantages and disadvantages for each energy source.

B2.4 Describe how cost and efficiency rates are determined for each source.

B3.0 Investigate emerging and alternative electric power generation technologies and fuel sources.

B3.1 Explain biomass conversion, including thermal and chemical processes used to produce electric energy.

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B3.2 Describe the major sources, scale, and impacts of biomass energy.

B3.3 Define biofuels use and production.

B3.4 Explain how nuclear power is used to produce electric energy.

B3.5 Explain the process of nuclear fission.

B3.6 Explain how ocean wave energy is used to produce electric energy.

B3.7 Describe how wave power is harnessed in near shore, offshore, and far shore locations.

B3.8 Explain wave energy technologies (terminator devices, oscillating water column, point absorbers, attenuators, and overtopping devices).

B3.9 Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of using ocean wave energy technologies for energy.

B4.0 Understand nonnuclear power generation plant operations (coal, oil, natural gas, solar, wind, geothermal power, hydroelectric, or biofuel).

B4.1 Explain and use the fundamental laws and principles of electricity and magnetism.

B4.2 Classify the components of electrical generating systems, including boilers, generators, alternators, turbines, motors, engines, pumps, and switchgear.

B4.3 Discriminate the differences and similarities of power generation, including use of different fuel types and different power plant uses.

B4.4 Summarize the basic operating principles of fossil, hydroelectric, and internal combus-tion systems.

B4.5 Describe the location of equipment in the plant, how the equipment operates, and normal operating parameters.

B4.6 Describe the theory, construction, and application of the mechanical components of various types of power generation systems.

B5.0 Understand and apply basic knowledge and skills necessary for nuclear power generation and nuclear power plant personnel.

B5.1 Use the fundamental concepts associated with electricity (e.g., electric charge, electric current).

B5.2 Understand the components of electrical systems, including switchyard construction, transformers, relays, circuit breakers, and motors.

B5.3 Explain the basic atomic and nuclear physics terms, unit, definitions, and basic concepts, including atomic structure, nuclear interactions and reactions, sources of residual heat/decay heat, and reactor operation.

B5.4 Understand reactor theory and operations.

B5.5 Explain the general design overview of the basic reactor types.

B5.6 Demonstrate understanding of reactor startup and shutdown procedures.

B5.7 Explain the fission process, including the construction of fission product barriers.

11


B5.8 Operate, repair, and test machines, devices, and equipment based on electrical or mechanical principles in order to diagnose machine malfunctions, using basic hand and small electric tools and equipment.

B5.9 Conduct tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate quality or performance.

B6.0 Research methods of energy procurement, transmission, distribution, and storage.

B6.1 Describe the electric power transmission principles and processes.

B6.2 Explain the need for electric distribution systems and how they are designed to operate.

B6.3 Understand the emerging technologies in electric power transmission.

B6.4 Identify electric power transmission equipment and systems.

B7.0 Understand the interrelationships among components of systems.

B7.1 Understand the components and workings of the electric transmission and distribution network.

B7.2 Understand the components and workings of the gas transmission and distribution network.

B7.3 Define and explain voltage, current, resistance, power, and energy.

B7.4 Measure voltage, amperage, and resistance using a volt-ohm meter (VOM) and a digital volt-ohm meter (DVM).

B7.5 Explain and apply Ohm’s Law.

B7.6 Design and construct an electrical circuit with a power generation source.

12



C. Telecommunications PathwayThe Telecommunications pathway prepares students for employment and postsecondary education and training in the wireless and fixed-line communications industries. The sharing of information is essential for personal, commercial, educational, government, and military functions. Information is stored, sent, and accessed primarily via the telecommunications industries.


Cable/Telecommunications Installation and Maintenance Technicians

Line Workers

Network Operators, Technicians, Designers, and Managers

Network Security Administrator

Satellite Systems Installation/Engineers

C1.0 Understand the basic principles and concepts that impact the telecommunications industry, including systems, concepts, and regulations.

C1.1 Understand the relationship between telecommunications and society.

C1.2 Evaluate the effects of telecommunications media and networks (telephone, television, cellular, social networking, etc.).

C1.3 Understand the fundamentals of voice telephony and voice characteristics.

C1.4 Compare analog transmission concepts (bandwidth, voiceband, modulation), analog circuits and sounds, and plain ordinary telephone service (POTS).

C1.5 Understand digital transmission concepts (capacity, bits-per-second), converting sound to digital signals (PCM, CODECS), and compensating for transmission impairments (attenuation, noise, delay, jitter).

C1.6 Define voice over IP (VoIP).

C1.7 Describe public switched telephone network (PSTN) and signaling system 7 (SS7).

C1.8 Understand signaling: pulse dialing and dual tone multiple frequency (DTMF).

C2.0 Demonstrate understanding and use of the basic and emerging technologies that impact the telecommunications industry.

C2.1 Describe the differences between analog and digital transmission and the migration to a converged digital/optical network for voice, data, and video.

C2.2 Compare and contrast the components of voice networks, such as carrier switches, routing, PBXs, T1 trunks, switched versus dedicated circuits, and packet and wireless networks.

C2.3 Define the components of data networks, such as modems, virtual circuits, hubs, switches, and routers.

C2.4 Evaluate the differences between the various access methods, including DSL, cable modems, wireless (cellular, WiMax, Wi-Fi), T1, and carrier Ethernet.

13


C2.5 Compare private voice network design alternatives using tie-lines, Centrex, virtual private networks (VPN), and hosted services.

C2.6 Understand the basics of local, metropolitan, and wide area networks (LANs, MANs, and WANs), including the differences between network bridging/switching and routing.

C2.7 Recognize technologies such as frame relay, ATM, MLPS, Ethernet, and TCP/IP and determine each technology’s impact on network design, communication capabilities, and quality of service (QOS).

C2.8 Compare the benefits, drawbacks, and technology behind voice over IP (VoIP) using IP PBXs, IP phones and Internet telephony service providers (ITSP), and IPTV.

C2.9 Obtain a working knowledge of communications protocols and standards with an emphasis on their importance in network engineering and network operation.

C2.10 Understand the uses and effects of new technologies, such as social networking and cloud computing, on the network.

C3.0 Examine the role and functions of satellites in telecommunications.

C3.1 Understand the evolution of satellite communications.

C3.2 Analyze the limitations of terrestrial communications and the advantages and disadvantages of satellites.

C3.3 Illustrate and describe the basic elements of satellite communications.

C3.4 Describe common types of satellites and their respective functions.

C3.5 Learn the vocabulary and acronyms associated with satellite communications.

C3.6 Understand satellite orbits, including launch vehicles and the launching of satellites.

C3.7 Understand satellite systems, including geo-synchronous earth orbiting (GEO), low-earth orbiting (LEO), medium-earth orbiting (MEO), high-earth orbiting (HEO), and mobile satellite systems.

C3.8 Analyze satellite system architecture, including the network configuration, remotes, satellite subsystems, ground stations, and network management.

C3.9 Understand frequency bands and those used in satellite communications.

C3.10 Understand the importance of modulation, multiplexing, and multiple access.

C3.11 Explain propagation and interference, including radio noise, ionosphere effects, troposphere effects, interference between satellite networks, and interference with terrestrial networks.

C3.12 Research applications and trends in satellite communications, including personal, commercial, military and government, and global applications.

C4.0 Research the components, interaction, and operations of wireless telecommunications systems.

C4.1 Understand mobile wireless services and applications.

C4.2 Demonstrate device management.

14


C4.3 Describe access technologies, including wireline and wireless end-to-end switching and signaling.

C4.4 Identify switching, routing, and security systems and technologies for wireless and Internet networking.

C4.5 Understand radio frequency (RF), air interface, and radio access network (RAN).

C4.6 Explain code division multiple access (CDMA), wireless technologies, services, and applications.

C4.7 Research the different functions and uses of wireless and cable networks.

C4.8 Describe mobile network components and basic operation, including cellular principles and AMPS (1G), 2G; digital radio voice communications and digital cellular; data communications and spectrum-sharing technologies; frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), CDMA, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and 3G cellular; CDMA and 4G mobile cellular; LTE, wireless local area networks (LANs) and WiFi.

C4.9 Understand the function and basic operations of communications satellites.

C5.0 Research the components, interaction, and operations of fixed-wire telecommunications systems.

C5.1 Demonstrate and apply safety procedures and practices for traffic control, pole climbing, roadside safety, electrical hazards, and data line safety checks.

C5.2 Demonstrate proficiency in making electrical connections, splices, and basic field repair.

C5.3 Understand the differences between function and uses of wireless and cable networks.

C5.4 Understand access technologies, including wireline and wireless end-to-end switching and signaling.

C5.5 Practice troubleshooting and repairing telecommunication system wiring.

C5.6 Demonstrate proficiency in basic AC and DC circuits.

C5.7 Inspect and demonstrate proficiency in the use of tools, equipment, and test equipment used in the voice and data communications industry.

C5.8 Install, repair, terminate, and test network cabling.

C5.9 Demonstrate cable repair techniques.

C5.10 Prepare work site plans to demonstrate proficiency in site requirements and considerations.

C5.11 Understand the theory of twisted pair design and shielding.

C6.0 Consider privacy and security issues of the telecommunications systems.

C6.1 Understand switching, routing, and security systems and technologies for wireless and Internet networking.

C6.2 Explain the need and strategies for network security and integrity.

15


C6.3 Demonstrate the appropriate applications of network and user data mining and behavior profiling.

C6.4 Explain industry code of conduct.

C7.0 Demonstrate proficiency in customer relations.

C7.1 Demonstrate appropriate personal hygiene and professional attire.

C7.2 Apply techniques for instilling customer confidence and satisfaction.

C7.3 Apply techniques for keeping the customer informed.

C7.4 Describe and demonstrate effective follow-up techniques.

C7.5 Demonstrate discretion in interacting with customers in field and retail environments.

C7.6 Illustrate basic conflict-resolution practices.

16


Acad

emic

Alig

nmen

t M

atrix

PATH

WAY

S

A.

B.

C.

EN

ER

GY,

EN

VIR

ON

ME

NT,

AN

D U

TIL

ITIE

SEn

viro

nmen

tal

Ener

gy a

nd

Tele

com

mun

icat

ions

Reso

urce

sPo

wer

Te

chno

logy

ENGL

ISH

LAN

GUAG

E A

RTS

Lang

uage

Sta

ndar

ds –

LS

– (S

tand

ard

Are

a, G

rade

Lev

el, S

tand

ard

#)

11-1

2.1.

Dem

onst

rate

com

man

d of

the

con

vent

ions

of s

tand

ard

Engl

ish

gram

mar

and

usa

ge w

hen

B1.0

, B2.

0, B

3.0,

C1

.0, C

2.0,

C3.

0,

A1.0

, A 2

.0w

ritin

g or

spe

akin

g.B4

.0, B

5.0,

B6.

0C4

.0, C

5.0

11-1

2.2.

Dem

onst

rate

com

man

d of

the

con

vent

ions

of s

tand

ard

Engl

ish

capi

taliz

atio

n, p

unct

uatio

n,

C1.0

, C2.

0, C

3.0,

A1

.0, A

2.0

and

spel

ling

whe

n w

ritin

g.C4

.0, C

5.0

11-1

2.6.

Acq

uire

and

acc

urat

ely

use

gene

ral a

cade

mic

and

dom

ain-

spec

ific

wor

ds a

nd p

hras

es

A1.0

, A2.

0, A

3.0,

su

ffici

ent

for r

eadi

ng, w

ritin

g, s

peak

ing,

and

list

enin

g at

the

col

lege

and

car

eer r

eadi

ness

leve

l; A4

.0, A

5.0,

A6.

0,

B1.0

, B2.

0, B

3.0,

C1

.0, C

2.0,

C3.

0,

dem

onst

rate

inde

pend

ence

in g

athe

ring

voca

bula

ry k

now

ledg

e w

hen

cons

ider

ing

a w

ord

or p

hras

e A7

.0. A

9.0,

A10

.0,

B4.0

, B5.

0, B

6.0

C4.0

, C5.

0im

port

ant

to c

ompr

ehen

sion

or e

xpre

ssio

n.A1

2.0

Read

ing

Stan

dard

s fo

r In

form

atio

nal T

ext

– RS

IT –

(St

anda

rd A

rea,

Gra

de L

evel

, St

anda

rd #

)11

-12.

1. C

ite s

tron

g an

d th

orou

gh t

extu

al e

vide

nce

to s

uppo

rt a

naly

sis

of w

hat

the

text

say

s

A1.0

, A2.

0, A

3.0,

ex

plic

itly

as w

ell a

s in

fere

nces

dra

wn

from

the

tex

t, in

clud

ing

dete

rmin

ing

whe

re t

he t

ext

leav

es

A4.0

, A5.

0, A

6.0,

B1

.0, B

2.0,

B3.

0,

mat

ters

unc

erta

in.

A7.0

. A9.

0, A

10.0

, B4

.0, B

5.0,

B6.

0A1

2.0

11-1

2.3.

Ana

lyze

a c

ompl

ex s

et o

f ide

as o

r seq

uenc

e of

eve

nts

and

expl

ain

how

spe

cific

indi

vidu

als,

A1

.0, A

2.0,

A3.

0,

idea

s, o

r eve

nts

inte

ract

and

dev

elop

ove

r the

cou

rse

of t

he t

ext.

A4.0

, A5.

0, A

6.0,

C1

.0, C

2.0,

C3.

0,

A7.0

. A9.

0, A

10.0

, C4

.0, C

5.0

A12.

0

11-1

2.7.

Inte

grat

e an

d ev

alua

te m

ultip

le s

ourc

es o

f inf

orm

atio

n pr

esen

ted

in d

iffe

rent

med

ia o

r A1

.0, A

2.0,

A3.

0,

form

ats

(e.g

., vi

sual

ly, q

uant

itativ

ely)

as

wel

l as

in w

ords

in o

rder

to

addr

ess

a qu

estio

n or

sol

ve a

C5

.0, C

7.0

A4.0

, A5.

0, A

7.0

prob

lem

.

11-1

2.8.

Del

inea

te a

nd e

valu

ate

the

reas

onin

g in

sem

inal

U.S

. tex

ts, i

nclu

ding

the

app

licat

ion

of

cons

titut

iona

l prin

cipl

es a

nd u

se o

f leg

al r

easo

ning

(e.g

., in

U.S

. Sup

rem

e Co

urt

maj

orit

y op

inio

ns

A 7.

0, A

12.0

B4.0

and

diss

ents

) and

the

pre

mis

es, p

urpo

ses,

and

arg

umen

ts in

wor

ks o

f pub

lic a

dvoc

acy

(e.g

.,

The

Fede

ralis

t, pr

esid

entia

l add

ress

es).

17


Acad

emic

Alig

nmen

t M

atrix

PATH

WAY

S

A.

B.

C.

EN

ER

GY,

EN

VIR

ON

ME

NT,

AN

D U

TIL

ITIE

SEn

viro

nmen

tal

Ener

gy a

nd

Tele

com

mun

icat

ions

Reso

urce

sPo

wer

Te

chno

logy

Read

ing

Stan

dard

s fo

r Li

tera

cy in

Sci

ence

and

Tec

hnic

al S

ubje

cts

– RL

ST –

(S

tand

ard

Are

a, G

rade

Lev

el, S

tand

ard

#) (c

ontin

ued)

11-1

2.3.

Fol

low

pre

cise

ly a

com

plex

mul

tiste

p pr

oced

ure

whe

n ca

rryi

ng o

ut e

xper

imen

ts,

taki

ng m

easu

rem

ents

, or p

erfo

rmin

g te

chni

cal t

asks

; ana

lyze

the

spe

cific

res

ults

bas

ed o

n A8

.0B1

.0,B

5.0,

B7.

0C6

.0, C

7.0

expl

anat

ions

in t

he t

ext.

11-1

2.7.

Inte

grat

e an

d ev

alua

te m

ultip

le s

ourc

es o

f inf

orm

atio

n pr

esen

ted

in d

iver

se f

orm

ats

A2.

0, A

3.0,

A4.

0, A

5.0,

an

d m

edia

(e.g

., qu

antit

ativ

e da

ta, v

ideo

, mul

timed

ia) i

n or

der t

o ad

dres

s a

ques

tion

or s

olve

a

B3.0

C5.0

, C7.

0A7

.0pr

oble

m.

11-1

2.9.

Syn

thes

ize

info

rmat

ion

from

a r

ange

of s

ourc

es (e

.g.,

text

s, e

xper

imen

ts, s

imul

atio

ns)

A2.

0, A

3.0,

A4.

0, A

5.0,

C1

.0, C

2.0,

C3.

0,

into

a c

oher

ent

unde

rsta

ndin

g of

a p

roce

ss, p

heno

men

on, o

r con

cept

, res

olvi

ng c

onfli

ctin

g B1

.0, B

5.0,

B7.

0A7

.0C4

.0, C

5.0

info

rmat

ion

whe

n po

ssib

le.

11-1

2.10

. By

the

end

of g

rade

12,

rea

d an

d co

mpr

ehen

d sc

ienc

e/te

chni

cal t

exts

in t

he g

rade

s A1

.0, A

2.0,

A3.

0, A

4.0,

B1

.0, B

2.0,

B3.

0,

C1.0

, C2.

0, C

3.0,

11

-12

text

com

plex

ity

band

inde

pend

ently

and

pro

ficie

ntly

.A5

.0, A

6.0,

A7.

0. A

9.0,

B4

.0, B

5.0,

C4

.0, C

5.0,

C6.

0,

A10.

0, A

12.0

B6.0

, B7.

0C7

.0

Writ

ing

Stan

dard

s –

WS

– (S

tand

ard

Are

a, G

rade

Lev

el, S

tand

ard

#)11

-12.

1. W

rite

argu

men

ts t

o su

ppor

t cl

aim

s in

an

anal

ysis

of s

ubst

antiv

e to

pics

or t

exts

, usi

ng

B1.0

, B2.

0, B

3.0,

va

lid r

easo

ning

and

rel

evan

t an

d su

ffici

ent

evid

ence

.B4

.0, B

5.0,

B6

.0, B

7.0

11-1

2.2.

Writ

e in

form

ativ

e/ex

plan

ator

y te

xts

to e

xam

ine

and

conv

ey c

ompl

ex id

eas,

con

cept

s,

A1.0

, A2.

0, A

3.0,

A4.

0,

B1.0

, B2.

0, B

3.0,

an

d in

form

atio

n cl

early

and

acc

urat

ely

thro

ugh

the

effe

ctiv

e se

lect

ion,

org

aniz

atio

n, a

nd

A5.0

, A6.

0, A

7.0.

A9.

0,

B4.0

, B5.

0,

C2.0

, C3.

0an

alys

is o

f con

tent

.A1

0.0,

A12

.0B6

.0, B

7.0

11-1

2.4.

Pro

duce

cle

ar a

nd c

oher

ent

writ

ing

in w

hich

the

dev

elop

men

t, or

gani

zatio

n, a

nd s

tyle

A1

.0, A

2.0,

A3.

0, A

4.0,

B1

.0, B

2.0,

B3.

0,

are

appr

opria

te t

o ta

sk, p

urpo

se, a

nd a

udie

nce.

A5.0

, A6.

0, A

7.0.

A9.

0,

B4.0

, B5.

0,

C3.0

, C6.

0A1

0.0,

A12

.0B6

.0, B

7.0

11-1

2.7.

Con

duct

sho

rt a

s w

ell a

s m

ore

sust

aine

d re

sear

ch p

roje

cts

to a

nsw

er a

que

stio

n (in

clud

ing

a se

lf-ge

nera

ted

ques

tion)

or s

olve

a p

robl

em; n

arro

w o

r bro

aden

the

inqu

iry

whe

n A5

.0, A

6.0,

A7.

0, A

9.0,

B1

.0, B

5.0,

B7.

0C1

.0, C

4.0,

C5.

0ap

prop

riate

; syn

thes

ize

mul

tiple

sou

rces

on

the

subj

ect,

dem

onst

ratin

g un

ders

tand

ing

of t

he

A11.

0su

bjec

t un

der i

nves

tigat

ion.

18


Acad

emic

Alig

nmen

t M

atrix

PATH

WAY

S

A.

B.

C.

EN

ER

GY,

EN

VIR

ON

ME

NT,

AN

D U

TIL

ITIE

SEn

viro

nmen

tal

Ener

gy a

nd

Tele

com

mun

icat

ions

Reso

urce

sPo

wer

Te

chno

logy

Writ

ing

Stan

dard

s –

WS

– (S

tand

ard

Are

a, G

rade

Lev

el, S

tand

ard

#) (c

ontin

ued)

11-1

2.8.

Gat

her r

elev

ant

info

rmat

ion

from

mul

tiple

aut

horit

ativ

e pr

int

and

digi

tal s

ourc

es, u

sing

ad

vanc

ed s

earc

hes

effe

ctiv

ely;

ass

ess

the

stre

ngth

s an

d lim

itatio

ns o

f eac

h so

urce

in t

erm

s of

the

B1

.0, B

2.0,

B3.

0,

task

, pur

pose

, and

aud

ienc

e; in

tegr

ate

info

rmat

ion

into

the

tex

t se

lect

ivel

y to

mai

ntai

n th

e flo

w o

f B4

.0, B

5.0,

C1

.0, C

4.0,

C5.

0id

eas,

avo

idin

g pl

agia

rism

and

ove

rrel

ianc

e on

any

one

sou

rce

and

follo

win

g a

stan

dard

for

mat

for

B6

.0, B

7.0

cita

tion

incl

udin

g fo

otno

tes

and

endn

otes

.

11-1

2.9.

Dra

w e

vide

nce

from

lite

rary

or i

nfor

mat

iona

l tex

ts t

o su

ppor

t an

alys

is, r

eflec

tion,

and

A5

.0, A

6.0,

A7.

0,

C1.0

, C4.

0, C

5.0

rese

arch

.A9

.0, A

11.0

Writ

ing

Stan

dard

s fo

r Li

tera

cy in

His

tory

/Soc

ial S

tudi

es, S

cien

ce, a

nd T

echn

ical

Su

bjec

ts –

WH

SST

–(St

anda

rd A

rea,

Gra

de L

evel

, Sta

ndar

d #)

11-1

2.2.

Writ

e in

form

ativ

e/ex

plan

ator

y te

xts,

incl

udin

g th

e na

rrat

ion

of h

isto

rical

eve

nts,

sci

entifi

c B1

.0C2

.0, C

3.0

proc

edur

es/e

xper

imen

ts, o

r tec

hnic

al p

roce

sses

.

11-1

2.7.

Con

duct

sho

rt a

s w

ell a

s m

ore

sust

aine

d re

sear

ch p

roje

cts

to a

nsw

er a

que

stio

n (in

clud

ing

a se

lf-ge

nera

ted

ques

tion)

or s

olve

a p

robl

em; n

arro

w o

r bro

aden

the

inqu

iry

whe

n ap

prop

riate

; syn

the-

A5.0

, A8.

0B5

.0, B

7.0

C1.0

, C4.

0, C

5.0

size

mul

tiple

sou

rces

on

the

subj

ect,

dem

onst

ratin

g un

ders

tand

ing

of t

he s

ubje

ct u

nder

inve

stig

atio

n.

11-1

2.8.

Gat

her r

elev

ant

info

rmat

ion

from

mul

tiple

aut

horit

ativ

e pr

int

and

digi

tal s

ourc

es, u

sing

ad

vanc

ed s

earc

hes

effe

ctiv

ely;

ass

ess

the

stre

ngth

s an

d lim

itatio

ns o

f eac

h so

urce

in t

erm

s of

the

sp

ecifi

c ta

sk, p

urpo

se, a

nd a

udie

nce;

inte

grat

e in

form

atio

n in

to t

he t

ext

sele

ctiv

ely

to m

aint

ain

the

C1.0

, C4.

0, D

5.0

flow

of i

deas

, avo

idin

g pl

agia

rism

and

ove

rrel

ianc

e on

any

one

sou

rce

and

follo

win

g a

stan

dard

for

mat

fo

r cita

tion.

11-1

2.9.

Dra

w e

vide

nce

from

info

rmat

iona

l tex

ts t

o su

ppor

t an

alys

is, r

eflec

tion,

and

res

earc

h.A5

.0, A

8.0

B5.0

, B7.

0C1

.0, C

4.0,

C5.

0

MAT

HEM

ATIC

SAl

gebr

a –

A-SS

E –

Seei

ng S

truc

ture

in E

xpre

ssio

nsIn

terp

ret t

he st

ruct

ure

of e

xpre

ssio

ns

1. In

terp

ret

expr

essi

ons

that

rep

rese

nt a

qua

ntit

y in

ter

ms

of it

s co

ntex

t.A

2.0,

A3.

0,

a. In

terp

ret

part

s of

an

expr

essi

on, s

uch

as t

erm

s, f

acto

rs, a

nd c

oeffi

cien

ts.

A5.0

, A6.

0,

C1.0

A8.0

, A9.

0,

b. In

terp

ret

com

plic

ated

exp

ress

ions

by

view

ing

one

or m

ore

of t

heir

part

s as

a s

ingl

e en

tity.

For

A1

0.0,

A11

.0ex

ampl

e, in

terp

ret P

(1+r

)n as t

he p

rodu

ct o

f P a

nd a

fact

or n

ot d

epen

ding

on

P.

19


Acad

emic

Alig

nmen

t M

atrix

PATH

WAY

S

A.

B.

C.

EN

ER

GY,

EN

VIR

ON

ME

NT,

AN

D U

TIL

ITIE

SEn

viro

nmen

tal

Ener

gy a

nd

Tele

com

mun

icat

ions

Reso

urce

sPo

wer

Te

chno

logy

Alge

bra

– A-

SSE

– Se

eing

Str

uctu

re in

Exp

ress

ions

(con

tinue

d)W

rite

expr

essi

ons i

n eq

uiva

lent

form

s to

solv

e pr

oble

ms

3. C

hoos

e an

d pr

oduc

e an

equ

ival

ent

form

of a

n ex

pres

sion

to

reve

al a

nd e

xpla

in p

rope

rtie

s of

the

qu

antit

y re

pres

ente

d by

the

exp

ress

ion.

*

a. F

acto

r a q

uadr

atic

exp

ress

ion

to r

evea

l the

zer

os o

f the

fun

ctio

n it

defin

es.

b. C

ompl

ete

the

squa

re in

a q

uadr

atic

exp

ress

ion

to r

evea

l the

max

imum

or m

inim

um v

alue

of t

he

func

tion

it de

fines

.

c. U

se t

he p

rope

rtie

s of

exp

onen

ts t

o tr

ansf

orm

exp

ress

ions

for

exp

onen

tial f

unct

ions

. For

exa

mpl

e th

e ex

pres

sion

1.1

5t can

be

rew

ritte

n as

(1.1

51/12

)12t =

1.0

1212

t to

reve

al t

he a

ppro

xim

ate

equi

vale

nt m

onth

ly

A10.

0in

tere

st r

ate

if th

e an

nual

rat

e is

15%

.

d. P

rove

sim

ple

law

s of

loga

rithm

s. (C

A St

anda

rd A

lgeb

ra II

- 1

1.0)

e. U

se t

he d

efini

tion

of lo

garit

hms

to t

rans

late

bet

wee

n lo

garit

hms

in a

ny b

ase.

(CA

Stan

dard

Alg

ebra

II

- 13

.0)

f. U

nder

stan

d an

d us

e th

e pr

oper

ties

of lo

garit

hms

to s

impl

ify

loga

rithm

ic n

umer

ic e

xpre

ssio

ns a

nd t

o id

entif

y th

eir a

ppro

xim

ate

valu

es. (

CA S

tand

ard

Alge

bra

II -

14.0

)

4. D

eriv

e th

e fo

rmul

a fo

r the

sum

of a

fini

te g

eom

etric

ser

ies

(whe

n th

e co

mm

on r

atio

is n

ot 1

), an

d us

e A1

0.0

the

form

ula

to s

olve

pro

blem

s. F

or e

xam

ple,

cal

cula

te m

ortg

age

paym

ents

.

Alge

bra

– A-

CED

– Cr

eatin

g Eq

uati

ons

Crea

te e

quat

ions

that

des

crib

e nu

mbe

rs o

r rel

atio

nshi

ps

1. C

reat

e eq

uatio

ns a

nd in

equa

litie

s in

one

var

iabl

e in

clud

ing

ones

with

abs

olut

e va

lue

and

use

them

to

solv

e pr

oble

ms

in a

nd o

ut o

f con

text

, inc

ludi

ng e

quat

ions

aris

ing

from

line

ar f

unct

ions

.A

2.0

1.1

Judg

e th

e va

lidit

y of

an

argu

men

t ac

cord

ing

to w

heth

er t

he p

rope

rtie

s of

rea

l num

bers

, exp

onen

ts,

and

loga

rithm

s ha

ve b

een

appl

ied

corr

ectly

at

each

ste

p. (C

A St

anda

rd A

lgeb

ra II

- 1

1.2)

2. C

reat

e eq

uatio

ns in

tw

o or

mor

e va

riabl

es t

o re

pres

ent

rela

tions

hips

bet

wee

n qu

antit

ies;

gra

ph e

qua-

A2.

0B1

.0C1

.0, C

2.0

tions

on

coor

dina

te a

xes

with

labe

ls a

nd s

cale

s.

3. R

epre

sent

con

stra

ints

by

equa

tions

or i

nequ

aliti

es, a

nd b

y sy

stem

s of

equ

atio

ns a

nd/o

r ine

qual

ities

, and

in

terp

ret

solu

tions

as

viab

le o

r non

viab

le o

ptio

ns in

a m

odel

ing

cont

ext.

For e

xam

ple,

rep

rese

nt in

equa

li-A

2.0,

A6.

0C2

.0tie

s de

scrib

ing

nutr

ition

al a

nd c

ost

cons

trai

nts

on c

ombi

natio

ns o

f dif

fere

nt f

oods

.

20


Acad

emic

Alig

nmen

t M

atrix

PATH

WAY

S

A.

B.

C.

EN

ER

GY,

EN

VIR

ON

ME

NT,

AN

D U

TIL

ITIE

SEn

viro

nmen

tal

Ener

gy a

nd

Tele

com

mun

icat

ions

Reso

urce

sPo

wer

Te

chno

logy

Alge

bra

– A-

CED

– Cr

eatin

g Eq

uati

ons

(con

tinue

d)

4. R

earr

ange

for

mul

as t

o hi

ghlig

ht a

qua

ntit

y of

inte

rest

, usi

ng t

he s

ame

reas

onin

g as

in s

olvi

ng e

qua-

C2.0

tions

. For

exa

mpl

e, r

earr

ange

Ohm

’s la

w V

= IR

to

high

light

res

ista

nce

R.

Alge

bra

– A-

REI –

Rea

soni

ng w

ith

Equa

tion

s an

d In

equa

litie

s

Unde

rsta

nd so

lvin

g eq

uatio

ns a

s a p

roce

ss o

f rea

soni

ng a

nd e

xpla

in th

e re

ason

ing

1. E

xpla

in e

ach

step

in s

olvi

ng a

sim

ple

equa

tion

as f

ollo

win

g fr

om t

he e

qual

ity

of n

umbe

rs a

sser

ted

at

the

prev

ious

ste

p, s

tart

ing

from

the

ass

umpt

ion

that

the

orig

inal

equ

atio

n ha

s a

solu

tion.

Con

stru

ct a

A

2.0

C1.0

, C2.

0vi

able

arg

umen

t to

just

ify

a so

lutio

n m

etho

d.

2. S

olve

sim

ple

ratio

nal a

nd r

adic

al e

quat

ions

in o

ne v

aria

ble,

and

giv

e ex

ampl

es s

how

ing

how

ext

rane

ous

A10.

0so

lutio

ns m

ay a

rise.

Solv

e eq

uatio

ns a

nd in

equa

litie

s in

one

varia

ble

3. S

olve

line

ar e

quat

ions

and

ineq

ualit

ies

in o

ne v

aria

ble,

incl

udin

g eq

uatio

ns w

ith c

oeffi

cien

ts r

epre

-se

nted

by

lett

ers.

A2.

03.

1 So

lve

equa

tions

and

ineq

ualit

ies

invo

lvin

g ab

solu

te v

alue

. (CA

Sta

ndar

d Al

gebr

a I -

3.0

and

CA

Stan

dard

Alg

ebra

II -

1.0

)

Solv

e sy

stem

s of e

quat

ions

6. S

olve

sys

tem

s of

line

ar e

quat

ions

exa

ctly

and

app

roxi

mat

ely

(e.g

., w

ith g

raph

s), f

ocus

ing

on p

airs

of

A6.0

linea

r equ

atio

ns in

tw

o va

riabl

es.

Func

tion

s –

F-IF

– In

terp

retin

g Fu

ncti

ons

Inte

rpre

t fun

ctio

ns th

at a

rise

in a

pplic

atio

ns in

term

s of t

he c

onte

xt

4. F

or a

fun

ctio

n th

at m

odel

s a

rela

tions

hip

betw

een

two

quan

titie

s, in

terp

ret

key

feat

ures

of g

raph

s an

d ta

bles

in t

erm

s of

the

qua

ntiti

es, a

nd s

ketc

h gr

aphs

sho

win

g ke

y fe

atur

es g

iven

a v

erba

l des

crip

tion

of t

he

A2.

0re

latio

nshi

p. K

ey f

eatu

res

incl

ude:

inte

rcep

ts; i

nter

vals

whe

re t

he f

unct

ion

is in

crea

sing

, dec

reas

ing,

po

sitiv

e, o

r neg

ativ

e; r

elat

ive

max

imum

s an

d m

inim

ums;

sym

met

ries;

end

beh

avio

r; an

d pe

riodi

city

.

6. C

alcu

late

and

inte

rpre

t th

e av

erag

e ra

te o

f cha

nge

of a

fun

ctio

n (p

rese

nted

sym

bolic

ally

or a

s a

tabl

e)

A2.

0ov

er a

spe

cifie

d in

terv

al. E

stim

ate

the

rate

of c

hang

e fr

om a

gra

ph.

21


Acad

emic

Alig

nmen

t M

atrix

PATH

WAY

S

A.

B.

C.

EN

ER

GY,

EN

VIR

ON

ME

NT,

AN

D U

TIL

ITIE

SEn

viro

nmen

tal

Ener

gy a

nd

Tele

com

mun

icat

ions

Reso

urce

sPo

wer

Te

chno

logy

Func

tion

s –

F-IF

– In

terp

retin

g Fu

ncti

ons

(con

tinue

d)

Anal

yze

func

tions

usi

ng d

iffer

ent r

epre

sent

atio

ns

7. G

raph

fun

ctio

ns e

xpre

ssed

sym

bolic

ally

and

sho

w k

ey f

eatu

res

of t

he g

raph

, by

hand

in s

impl

e ca

ses

and

usin

g te

chno

logy

for

mor

e co

mpl

icat

ed c

ases

.

a. G

raph

line

ar a

nd q

uadr

atic

fun

ctio

ns a

nd s

how

inte

rcep

ts, m

axim

a, a

nd m

inim

a.

b. G

raph

squ

are

root

, cub

e ro

ot, a

nd p

iece

wis

e-de

fined

fun

ctio

ns, i

nclu

ding

ste

p fu

nctio

ns a

nd a

bsol

ute

valu

e fu

nctio

ns.

c. G

raph

pol

ynom

ial f

unct

ions

, ide

ntif

ying

zer

os w

hen

suita

ble

fact

oriz

atio

ns a

re a

vaila

ble,

and

sho

win

g A1

0.0

end

beha

vior

.

d. (+

) Gra

ph r

atio

nal f

unct

ions

, ide

ntif

ying

zer

os a

nd a

sym

ptot

es w

hen

suita

ble

fact

oriz

atio

ns a

re a

vail-

able

, and

sho

win

g en

d be

havi

or.

e. G

raph

exp

onen

tial a

nd lo

garit

hmic

fun

ctio

ns, s

how

ing

inte

rcep

ts a

nd e

nd b

ehav

ior,

and

trig

onom

et-

ric f

unct

ions

, sho

win

g pe

riod,

mid

line,

and

am

plitu

de.

9. C

ompa

re p

rope

rtie

s of

tw

o fu

nctio

ns e

ach

repr

esen

ted

in a

dif

fere

nt w

ay (a

lgeb

raic

ally

, gra

phic

ally

, nu

mer

ical

ly in

tab

les,

or b

y ve

rbal

des

crip

tions

). Fo

r exa

mpl

e, g

iven

a g

raph

of o

ne q

uadr

atic

fun

ctio

n an

d A6

.0B1

.0C2

.0an

alg

ebra

ic e

xpre

ssio

n fo

r ano

ther

, say

whi

ch h

as t

he la

rger

max

imum

.

10. D

emon

stra

te a

n un

ders

tand

ing

of f

unct

ions

and

equ

atio

ns d

efine

d pa

ram

etric

ally

and

gra

ph t

hem

. (CA

B1

.0St

anda

rd M

ath

Anal

ysis

- 7

.0)

Func

tion

s –

F-BF

– B

uild

ing

Func

tion

sBu

ild a

func

tion

that

mod

els a

rela

tions

hip

betw

een

two

quan

titie

s

1. W

rite

a fu

nctio

n th

at d

escr

ibes

a r

elat

ions

hip

betw

een

two

quan

titie

s.

a. D

eter

min

e an

exp

licit

expr

essi

on, a

rec

ursi

ve p

roce

ss, o

r ste

ps f

or c

alcu

latio

n fr

om a

con

text

.

b. C

ombi

ne s

tand

ard

func

tion

type

s us

ing

arith

met

ic o

pera

tions

. For

exa

mpl

e, b

uild

a fu

nctio

n th

at

mod

els t

he te

mpe

ratu

re o

f a c

oolin

g bo

dy b

y ad

ding

a c

onst

ant f

unct

ion

to a

dec

ayin

g ex

pone

ntia

l, an

d C2

.0re

late

thes

e fu

nctio

ns to

the

mod

el.

c. (+

) Com

pose

fun

ctio

ns. F

or e

xam

ple,

if T

(y) i

s th

e te

mpe

ratu

re in

the

atm

osph

ere

as a

fun

ctio

n of

he

ight

, and

h(t

) is

the

heig

ht o

f a w

eath

er b

allo

on a

s a

func

tion

of t

ime,

the

n T(

h(t)

) is

the

tem

pera

ture

at

the

loca

tion

of t

he w

eath

er b

allo

on a

s a

func

tion

of t

ime.

22


Acad

emic

Alig

nmen

t M

atrix

PATH

WAY

S

A.

B.

C.

EN

ER

GY,

EN

VIR

ON

ME

NT,

AN

D U

TIL

ITIE

SEn

viro

nmen

tal

Ener

gy a

nd

Tele

com

mun

icat

ions

Reso

urce

sPo

wer

Te

chno

logy

Func

tion

s –

F-LE

– L

inea

r, Q

uadr

atic

, and

Exp

onen

tial M

odel

s1.

Dis

tingu

ish

betw

een

situ

atio

ns th

at c

an b

e m

odel

ed w

ith li

near

func

tions

and

with

exp

onen

tial f

unct

ions

.

a. P

rove

tha

t lin

ear f

unct

ions

gro

w b

y eq

ual d

iffe

renc

es o

ver e

qual

inte

rval

s, a

nd t

hat

expo

nent

ial f

unc-

tions

gro

w b

y eq

ual f

acto

rs o

ver e

qual

inte

rval

s.

b. R

ecog

nize

situ

atio

ns in

whi

ch o

ne q

uant

ity

chan

ges

at a

con

stan

t ra

te p

er u

nit

inte

rval

rel

ativ

e to

A

2.0

anot

her.

c. R

ecog

nize

situ

atio

ns in

whi

ch a

qua

ntit

y gr

ows

or d

ecay

s by

a c

onst

ant

perc

ent

rate

per

uni

t in

terv

al

rela

tive

to a

noth

er.

2. C

onst

ruct

line

ar a

nd e

xpon

entia

l fun

ctio

ns, i

nclu

ding

arit

hmet

ic a

nd g

eom

etric

seq

uenc

es, g

iven

a

B1.0

C2.0

grap

h, a

des

crip

tion

of a

rel

atio

nshi

p, o

r tw

o in

put-

outp

ut p

airs

(inc

lude

rea

ding

the

se f

rom

a t

able

).

3. O

bser

ve u

sing

gra

phs

and

tabl

es t

hat

a qu

antit

y in

crea

sing

exp

onen

tially

eve

ntua

lly e

xcee

ds a

qua

ntit

y C2

.0in

crea

sing

line

arly

, qua

drat

ical

ly, o

r (m

ore

gene

rally

) as

a po

lyno

mia

l fun

ctio

n.

Inte

rpre

t exp

ress

ions

for f

unct

ions

in te

rms o

f the

situ

atio

n th

ey m

odel

5. In

terp

ret

the

para

met

ers

in a

line

ar o

r exp

onen

tial f

unct

ion

in t

erm

s of

a c

onte

xt.

B1.0

C2.0

Func

tion

s –

F-TF

– T

rigon

omet

ric F

unct

ions

Exte

nd th

e do

mai

n of

trig

onom

etric

func

tions

usin

g th

e un

it ci

rcle

1. U

nder

stan

d ra

dian

mea

sure

of a

n an

gle

as t

he le

ngth

of t

he a

rc o

n th

e un

it ci

rcle

sub

tend

ed b

y th

e an

gle.

C3.0

1.1

Und

erst

and

the

notio

n of

ang

le a

nd h

ow t

o m

easu

re it

, in

both

deg

rees

and

rad

ians

. Con

vert

be

twee

n de

gree

s an

d ra

dian

s. (C

A St

anda

rd T

rigon

omet

ry -

1.0

)

2. E

xpla

in h

ow t

he u

nit

circ

le in

the

coo

rdin

ate

plan

e en

able

s th

e ex

tens

ion

of t

rigon

omet

ric f

unct

ions

to

all

real

num

bers

, int

erpr

eted

as

radi

an m

easu

res

of a

ngle

s tr

aver

sed

coun

terc

lock

wis

e ar

ound

the

uni

t C3

.0ci

rcle

.

Mod

el p

erio

dic

phen

omen

a w

ith tr

igon

omet

ric fu

nctio

ns

5. C

hoos

e tr

igon

omet

ric f

unct

ions

to

mod

el p

erio

dic

phen

omen

a w

ith s

peci

fied

ampl

itude

, fre

quen

cy, a

nd

C3.0

mid

line.

7. (+

) Use

inve

rse

func

tions

to

solv

e tr

igon

omet

ric e

quat

ions

tha

t ar

ise

in m

odel

ing

cont

exts

; eva

luat

e th

e C3

.0so

lutio

ns u

sing

tec

hnol

ogy,

and

inte

rpre

t th

em in

ter

ms

of t

he c

onte

xt.

23


Acad

emic

Alig

nmen

t M

atrix

PATH

WAY

S

A.

B.

C.

EN

ER

GY,

EN

VIR

ON

ME

NT,

AN

D U

TIL

ITIE

SEn

viro

nmen

tal

Ener

gy a

nd

Tele

com

mun

icat

ions

Reso

urce

sPo

wer

Te

chno

logy

Geom

etry

– G

-C –

Circ

les

Unde

rsta

nd a

nd a

pply

theo

rem

s abo

ut c

ircle

s

2. Id

entif

y an

d de

scrib

e re

latio

nshi

ps a

mon

g in

scrib

ed a

ngle

s, r

adii,

and

cho

rds.

Incl

ude

the

rela

tions

hip

betw

een

cent

ral,

insc

ribed

, and

circ

umsc

ribed

ang

les;

insc

ribed

ang

les

on a

dia

met

er a

re ri

ght

angl

es; t

he

A10.

0C3

.0ra

dius

of a

circ

le is

per

pend

icul

ar t

o th

e ta

ngen

t w

here

the

rad

ius

inte

rsec

ts t

he c

ircle

.

4. (+

) Con

stru

ct a

tan

gent

line

fro

m a

poi

nt o

utsi

de a

giv

en c

ircle

to

the

circ

le.

C3.0

Find

arc

leng

ths a

nd a

reas

of s

ecto

rs o

f circ

les

5. D

eriv

e us

ing

sim

ilarit

y th

e fa

ct t

hat

the

leng

th o

f the

arc

inte

rcep

ted

by a

n an

gle

is p

ropo

rtio

nal t

o th

e ra

dius

, and

defi

ne t

he r

adia

n m

easu

re o

f the

ang

le a

s th

e co

nsta

nt o

f pro

port

iona

lity;

der

ive

the

form

ula

C3.0

for t

he a

rea

of a

sec

tor.

Geom

etry

– G

-CO

– C

ongr

uenc

eEx

perim

ent w

ith tr

ansf

orm

atio

ns in

the

plan

e

1. K

now

pre

cise

defi

nitio

ns o

f ang

le, c

ircle

, per

pend

icul

ar li

ne, p

aral

lel l

ine,

and

line

seg

men

t, ba

sed

on t

he

C3.0

unde

fined

not

ions

of p

oint

, lin

e, d

ista

nce

alon

g a

line,

and

dis

tanc

e ar

ound

a c

ircul

ar a

rc.

2. R

epre

sent

tra

nsfo

rmat

ions

in t

he p

lane

usi

ng, e

.g.,

tran

spar

enci

es a

nd g

eom

etry

sof

twar

e; d

escr

ibe

tran

sfor

mat

ions

as

func

tions

tha

t ta

ke p

aint

s in

the

pla

ne a

s in

puts

and

giv

e ot

her p

oint

s as

out

puts

. C3

.0Co

mpa

re t

rans

form

atio

ns t

hat

pres

erve

dis

tanc

e an

d an

gle

to t

hose

tha

t do

not

(e.g

., tr

ansl

atio

n ve

rsus

ho

rizon

tal s

tret

ch).

Mak

e ge

omet

ric c

onst

ruct

ions

12. M

ake

form

al g

eom

etric

con

stru

ctio

ns w

ith a

var

iety

of t

ools

and

met

hods

(com

pass

and

str

aigh

tedg

e,

strin

g, r

eflec

tive

devi

ces,

pap

er f

oldi

ng, d

ynam

ic g

eom

etric

sof

twar

e, e

tc.).

Cop

ying

a s

egm

ent;

cop

ying

an

ang

le; b

isec

ting

a se

gmen

t; b

isec

ting

an a

ngle

; con

stru

ctin

g pe

rpen

dicu

lar l

ines

, inc

ludi

ng t

he p

erpe

n-C3

.0di

cula

r bis

ecto

r of a

line

seg

men

t; a

nd c

onst

ruct

ing

a lin

e pa

ralle

l to

a gi

ven

line

thro

ugh

a po

int

not

on

the

line.

24


Acad

emic

Alig

nmen

t M

atrix

PATH

WAY

S

A.

B.

C.

EN

ER

GY,

EN

VIR

ON

ME

NT,

AN

D U

TIL

ITIE

SEn

viro

nmen

tal

Ener

gy a

nd

Tele

com

mun

icat

ions

Reso

urce

sPo

wer

Te

chno

logy

Geom

etry

– G

-GM

D –

Geom

etric

Mea

sure

men

t an

d Di

men

sion

sEx

plai

n vo

lum

e fo

rmul

as a

nd u

se th

em to

solv

e pr

oble

ms

1. G

ive

an in

form

al a

rgum

ent

for t

he f

orm

ulas

for

the

circ

umfe

renc

e of

a C

ircle

, are

a of

a c

ircle

, vol

ume

of

a cy

linde

r, py

ram

id, a

nd c

one.

Use

dis

sect

ion

argu

men

ts, C

aval

ieri’

s pr

inci

ple,

and

info

rmal

lim

it ar

gum

ents

.

2. (+

) Giv

e an

info

rmal

arg

umen

t us

ing

Cava

lieri’

s pr

inci

ple

for t

he f

orm

ulas

for

the

vol

ume

of a

sph

ere

C3.0

and

othe

r sol

id fi

gure

s.

3. U

se v

olum

e fo

rmul

as f

or c

ylin

ders

, pyr

amid

s, c

ones

, and

sph

eres

to

solv

e pr

oble

ms.

Geom

etry

– G

-GPE

– E

xpre

ssin

g Ge

omet

ric P

rope

rtie

s w

ith

Equa

tion

sTr

ansl

ate

betw

een

the

geom

etric

des

crip

tion

and

the

equa

tion

for a

con

ic se

ctio

n

3. (+

) Der

ive

the

equa

tions

of e

llips

es a

nd h

yper

bola

s gi

ven

the

foci

, usi

ng t

he f

act

that

the

sum

or d

iffe

r-en

ce o

f dis

tanc

es f

rom

the

foc

i is

cons

tant

.

3.1

Dem

onst

rate

and

exp

lain

how

the

geo

met

ry o

f the

gra

ph o

f a c

onic

sec

tion

(e.g

, asy

mpt

otes

, foc

i, ec

cent

ricit

y} d

epen

ds o

n th

e co

effic

ient

s of

the

qua

drat

ic e

quat

ion

repr

esen

ting

it. (C

A St

anda

rd A

lge-

bra

II -

16.0

)C3

.03.

2 G

iven

a q

uadr

atic

equ

atio

n of

the

for

m a

x2 + b

y2 + c

x +

dy +

e =

0, u

se t

he m

etho

d fo

r com

plet

ing

the

squa

re t

o pu

t th

e eq

uatio

n in

to s

tand

ard

form

and

rec

ogni

ze w

heth

er t

he g

raph

of t

he e

quat

ion

is a

ci

rcle

, elli

pse,

par

abol

a, o

r hyp

erbo

la. T

hen

grap

h th

e eq

uatio

n. (C

A St

anda

rd A

lgeb

ra II

- 1

7.0)

3.3

Be fa

mili

ar w

ith c

onic

sec

tions

bot

h an

alyt

ical

ly a

nd g

eom

etric

ally

. (CA

Sta

ndar

d M

ath

Anal

ysis

- 5

.0)

Geom

etry

– G

-MG

– M

odel

ing

wit

h Ge

omet

ryAp

ply

geom

etric

con

cept

s in

mod

elin

g sit

uatio

ns

1. U

se g

eom

etric

sha

pes,

the

ir m

easu

res,

and

the

ir pr

oper

ties

to d

escr

ibe

obje

cts

(e.g

., m

odel

ing

a tr

ee

A2.

0C2

.0tr

unk

or a

hum

an t

orso

as

a cy

linde

r.

2. A

pply

con

cept

s of

den

sity

bas

ed o

n ar

ea a

nd v

olum

e in

mod

elin

g si

tuat

ions

(e.g

., pe

rson

s pe

r squ

are

A2.

0, A

6.0

mile

, BTU

s pe

r cub

ic f

oot)

.

3. A

pply

geo

met

ric m

etho

ds t

o so

lve

desi

gn p

robl

ems

(e.g

., de

sign

ing

an o

bjec

t or

str

uctu

re t

o sa

tisfy

A

2.0,

A6.

0C2

.0ph

ysic

al c

onst

rain

ts o

r min

imiz

e co

st; w

orki

ng w

ith t

ypog

raph

ic g

rid s

yste

ms

base

d on

rat

ios)

25


Acad

emic

Alig

nmen

t M

atrix

PATH

WAY

S

A.

B.

C.

EN

ER

GY,

EN

VIR

ON

ME

NT,

AN

D U

TIL

ITIE

SEn

viro

nmen

tal

Ener

gy a

nd

Tele

com

mun

icat

ions

Reso

urce

sPo

wer

Te

chno

logy

Geom

etry

– G

-SRT

– S

imila

rity,

Rig

ht T

riang

les,

and

Trig

onom

etry

Appl

y tr

igon

omet

ry to

gen

eral

tria

ngle

s

11. (

+) U

nder

stan

d an

d ap

ply

the

Law

of S

ines

and

the

Law

of C

osin

es t

o fin

d un

know

n m

easu

rem

ents

in

C3.0

right

and

non

-rig

ht t

riang

les

(e.g

., su

rvey

ing

prob

lem

s, r

esul

tant

for

ces)

.

Geom

etry

– G

-PCC

– P

olar

Coo

rdin

ates

and

Cur

ves

Grap

h po

lar c

oord

inat

es a

nd c

urve

s.

1. B

e fa

mili

ar w

ith p

olar

coo

rdin

ates

. In

part

icul

ar, d

eter

min

e po

lar c

oord

inat

es o

f a p

oint

giv

en in

rec

tan-

A2.

0gu

lar c

oord

inat

es a

nd v

ice

vers

a. (C

A St

anda

rd T

rigon

omet

ry -

15.0

)

Num

ber

and

Qua

ntit

y –

N-Q

– Q

uant

itie

s

Reas

on q

uant

itativ

ely

and

use

units

to so

lve

prob

lem

s

1. U

se u

nits

as

a w

ay t

o un

ders

tand

pro

blem

s an

d to

gui

de t

he s

olut

ion

of m

ulti-

step

pro

blem

s; c

hoos

e an

d in

terp

ret

unit

s co

nsis

tent

ly in

for

mul

as; c

hoos

e an

d in

terp

ret

the

scal

e an

d th

e or

igin

in g

raph

s an

d A6

.0da

ta d

ispl

ays.

2. D

efine

app

ropr

iate

qua

ntiti

es f

or t

he p

urpo

se o

f des

crip

tive

mod

elin

g.A

2.0,

A6.

0

3. C

hoos

e a

leve

l of a

ccur

acy

appr

opria

te t

o lim

itatio

ns o

n m

easu

rem

ent

whe

n re

port

ing

quan

titie

s.A

2.0,

A6.

0

Num

ber

and

Qua

ntit

y –

N-V

M –

Vec

tor

and

Mat

rix Q

uant

itie

s

Repr

esen

t and

mod

el w

ith v

ecto

r qua

ntiti

es

1. (+

) Rec

ogni

ze v

ecto

r qua

ntiti

es a

s ha

ving

bot

h m

agni

tude

and

dire

ctio

n. R

epre

sent

vec

tor q

uant

ities

by

C3.0

dire

cted

line

seg

men

ts, a

nd u

se a

ppro

pria

te s

ymbo

ls f

or v

ecto

rs a

nd t

heir

mag

nitu

des

(e.g

., v,

lvI,

Ilvll,

v).

3. (+

) Sol

ve p

robl

ems

invo

lvin

g ve

loci

ty a

nd o

ther

qua

ntiti

es t

hat

can

be r

epre

sent

ed b

y ve

ctor

s.C3

.0

26


Acad

emic

Alig

nmen

t M

atrix

PATH

WAY

S

A.

B.

C.

EN

ER

GY,

EN

VIR

ON

ME

NT,

AN

D U

TIL

ITIE

SEn

viro

nmen

tal

Ener

gy a

nd

Tele

com

mun

icat

ions

Reso

urce

sPo

wer

Te

chno

logy

Num

ber

and

Qua

ntit

y –

N-V

M –

Vec

tor

and

Mat

rix Q

uant

itie

s (c

ontin

ued)

Perf

orm

ope

ratio

ns o

n ve

ctor

s

4. (+

) Add

and

sub

trac

t ve

ctor

s.

a. A

dd v

ecto

rs e

nd-t

o-en

d, c

ompo

nent

-wis

e, a

nd b

y th

e pa

ralle

logr

am r

ule.

Und

erst

and

that

the

mag

ni-

tude

of a

sum

of t

wo

vect

ors

is t

ypic

ally

not

the

sum

of t

he m

agni

tude

s.

b. G

iven

tw

o ve

ctor

s in

mag

nitu

de a

nd d

irect

ion

form

, det

erm

ine

the

mag

nitu

de a

nd d

irect

ion

of t

heir

C3.0

sum

.

c. U

nder

stan

d ve

ctor

sub

trac

tion

v –

w a

s v

+ (-

w),

whe

re -

w is

the

add

itive

inve

rse

of w

, with

the

sam

e m

agni

tude

as

w a

nd p

oint

ing

in t

he o

ppos

ite d

irect

ion.

Rep

rese

nt v

ecto

r sub

trac

tion

grap

hica

lly b

y co

n-ne

ctin

g th

e tip

s in

the

app

ropr

iate

ord

er, a

nd p

erfo

rm v

ecto

r sub

trac

tion

com

pone

nt-w

ise.

Stat

isti

cs a

nd P

roba

bilit

y –

S-IC

– M

akin

g In

fere

nces

and

Jus

tify

ing

Conc

lusi

ons

Unde

rsta

nd a

nd e

valu

ate

rand

om p

roce

sses

und

erly

ing

stat

istic

al e

xper

imen

ts

1. U

nder

stan

d st

atis

tics

as a

pro

cess

for

mak

ing

infe

renc

es a

bout

pop

ulat

ion

para

met

ers

base

d on

a r

an-

A2.

0, A

8.0

B1.0

C6.0

dom

sam

ple

from

tha

t po

pula

tion.

2. D

ecid

e if

a sp

ecifi

ed m

odel

is c

onsi

sten

t w

ith r

esul

ts f

rom

a g

iven

dat

a-ge

nera

ting

proc

ess,

e.g

., us

ing

sim

ulat

ion.

For

exa

mpl

e, a

mod

el s

ays

a sp

inni

ng c

oin

falls

hea

ds u

p w

ith p

roba

bilit

y 0.

5. W

ould

a r

esul

t of

A

2.0,

A8.

0B5

.0C6

.05

tails

in a

row

cau

se y

ou t

o qu

estio

n th

e m

odel

?

Mak

e in

fere

nces

and

just

ify c

oncl

usio

ns fr

om sa

mpl

e su

rvey

s, ex

perim

ents

, and

obs

erva

tiona

l stu

dies

3. R

ecog

nize

the

pur

pose

s of

and

dif

fere

nces

am

ong

sam

ple

surv

eys,

exp

erim

ents

, and

obs

erva

tiona

l stu

d-A8

.0B5

.0C6

.0ie

s; e

xpla

in h

ow r

ando

miz

atio

n re

late

s to

eac

h.

5. U

se d

ata

from

a r

ando

miz

ed e

xper

imen

t to

com

pare

tw

o tr

eatm

ents

; use

sim

ulat

ions

to

deci

de if

dif

fer-

A8.0

B5.0

ence

s be

twee

n pa

ram

eter

s ar

e si

gnifi

cant

.

6. E

valu

ate

repo

rts

base

d on

dat

a.A

2.0,

A8.

0B1

.0, B

5.0

C6.0

Stat

isti

cs a

nd P

roba

bilit

y –

S-ID

– In

terp

reti

ng C

ateg

oric

al a

nd Q

uant

itat

ive

Data

Sum

mar

ize,

repr

esen

t, an

d in

terp

ret d

ata

on a

sing

le c

ount

or m

easu

rem

ent v

aria

ble

1. R

epre

sent

dat

a w

ith p

lots

on

the

real

num

ber l

ine

(dot

plo

ts, h

isto

gram

s, a

nd b

ox p

lots

).A

2.0,

A8.

0B5

.0

27


Acad

emic

Alig

nmen

t M

atrix

PATH

WAY

S

A.

B.

C.

EN

ER

GY,

EN

VIR

ON

ME

NT,

AN

D U

TIL

ITIE

SEn

viro

nmen

tal

Ener

gy a

nd

Tele

com

mun

icat

ions

Reso

urce

sPo

wer

Te

chno

logy

Stat

isti

cs a

nd P

roba

bilit

y –

S-ID

– In

terp

retin

g Ca

tego

rical

and

Qua

ntit

ativ

e Da

ta

(con

tinue

d)2.

Use

sta

tistic

s ap

prop

riate

to

the

shap

e of

the

dat

a di

strib

utio

n to

com

pare

cen

ter (

med

ian,

mea

n) a

nd

A2.

0, A

8.0

B5.0

spre

ad (i

nter

quar

tile

rang

e, s

tand

ard

devi

atio

n) o

f tw

o or

mor

e di

ffer

ent

data

set

s.

3. In

terp

ret

diff

eren

ces

in s

hape

, cen

ter,

and

spre

ad in

the

con

text

of t

he d

ata

sets

, acc

ount

ing

for p

os-

A2.

0, A

8.0

B5.0

sibl

e ef

fect

s of

ext

rem

e da

ta p

oint

s (o

utlie

rs).

4. U

se t

he m

ean

and

stan

dard

dev

iatio

n of

a d

ata

set

to fi

t it

to a

nor

mal

dis

trib

utio

n an

d to

est

imat

e po

pula

tion

perc

enta

ges.

Rec

ogni

ze t

hat

ther

e ar

e da

ta s

ets

for w

hich

suc

h a

proc

edur

e is

not

app

ropr

iate

. A8

.0B5

.0U

se c

alcu

lato

rs, s

prea

dshe

ets,

and

tab

les

to e

stim

ate

area

s un

der t

he n

orm

al c

urve

.

Sum

mar

ize,

repr

esen

t, an

d in

terp

ret d

ata

on tw

o ca

tego

rical

and

qua

ntita

tive

varia

bles

5. S

umm

ariz

e ca

tego

rical

dat

a fo

r tw

o ca

tego

ries

in t

wo-

way

fre

quen

cy t

able

s. In

terp

ret

rela

tive

freq

uen-

cies

in t

he c

onte

xt o

f the

dat

a (in

clud

ing

join

t, m

argi

nal,

and

cond

ition

al r

elat

ive

freq

uenc

ies)

. Rec

ogni

ze

A2.

0, A

8.0

B1.0

poss

ible

ass

ocia

tions

and

tre

nds

in t

he d

ata.

6. R

epre

sent

dat

a on

tw

o qu

antit

ativ

e va

riabl

es o

n a

scat

ter p

lot,

and

desc

ribe

how

the

var

iabl

es a

re

rela

ted.

a. F

it a

func

tion

to t

he d

ata;

use

fun

ctio

ns fi

tted

to

data

to

solv

e pr

oble

ms

in t

he c

onte

xt o

f the

dat

a.

Use

giv

en f

unct

ions

or c

hoos

e a

func

tion

sugg

este

d by

the

con

text

. Em

phas

ize

linea

r, qu

adra

tic, a

nd

A2.

0, A

8.0

B1.0

expo

nent

ial m

odel

s.

b. In

form

ally

ass

ess

the

fit o

f a f

unct

ion

by p

lott

ing

and

anal

yzin

g re

sidu

als.

c. F

it a

linea

r fun

ctio

n fo

r a s

catt

er p

lot

that

sug

gest

s a

linea

r ass

ocia

tion.

Inte

rpre

t lin

ear m

odel

s

7. In

terp

ret

the

slop

e (r

ate

of c

hang

e) a

nd t

he in

terc

ept

(con

stan

t te

rm) o

f a li

near

mod

el in

the

con

text

of

A2.

0B1

.0th

e da

ta.

8. C

ompu

te (u

sing

tec

hnol

ogy)

and

inte

rpre

t th

e co

rrel

atio

n co

effic

ient

of a

line

ar fi

t.A8

.0

9. D

istin

guis

h be

twee

n co

rrel

atio

n an

d ca

usat

ion.

A2.

0

28


Acad

emic

Alig

nmen

t M

atrix

PATH

WAY

S

A.

B.

C.

EN

ER

GY,

EN

VIR

ON

ME

NT,

AN

D U

TIL

ITIE

SEn

viro

nmen

tal

Ener

gy a

nd

Tele

com

mun

icat

ions

Reso

urce

sPo

wer

Te

chno

logy

Stat

isti

cs a

nd P

roba

bilit

y –

S-CP

– C

ondi

tion

al P

roba

bilit

y an

d th

e Ru

les

of P

roba

bilit

yUn

ders

tand

inde

pend

ence

and

con

ditio

nal p

roba

bilit

y an

d us

e th

em to

inte

rpre

t dat

a

5. R

ecog

nize

and

exp

lain

the

con

cept

s of

con

ditio

nal p

roba

bilit

y an

d in

depe

nden

ce in

eve

ryda

y la

ngua

ge

and

ever

yday

situ

atio

ns. F

or e

xam

ple,

com

pare

the

cha

nce

of h

avin

g lu

ng c

ance

r if y

ou a

re a

sm

oker

B1

.0w

ith t

he c

hanc

e of

bei

ng a

sm

oker

if y

ou h

ave

lung

can

cer.

Stat

isti

cs a

nd P

roba

bilit

y –

S-M

D –

Usin

g Pr

obab

ility

to

Mak

e De

cisi

ons

Use

prob

abili

ty to

eva

luat

e ou

tcom

es o

f dec

ision

s

5. (+

) Wei

gh t

he p

ossi

ble

outc

omes

of a

dec

isio

n by

ass

igni

ng p

roba

bilit

ies

to p

ayof

f val

ues

and

findi

ng

expe

cted

val

ues.

a. F

ind

the

expe

cted

pay

off f

or a

gam

e of

cha

nce.

For

exa

mpl

e, fi

nd t

he e

xpec

ted

win

ning

s fr

om a

st

ate

lott

ery

ticke

t or

a g

ame

at a

fas

t-fo

od r

esta

uran

t.B1

.0C6

.0b.

Eva

luat

e an

d co

mpa

re s

trat

egie

s on

the

bas

is o

f exp

ecte

d va

lues

. For

exa

mpl

e, c

ompa

re a

hig

h de

duct

ible

ver

sus

a lo

w-d

educ

tible

aut

omob

ile in

sura

nce

polic

y us

ing

vario

us, b

ut r

easo

nabl

e, c

hanc

es

of h

avin

g a

min

or o

r a m

ajor

acc

iden

t.

6. (+

) Use

pro

babi

litie

s to

mak

e fa

ir de

cisi

ons

(e.g

., dr

awin

g by

lots

, usi

ng a

ran

dom

num

ber g

ener

ator

).B1

.0C6

.0

7. (+

) Ana

lyze

dec

isio

ns a

nd s

trat

egie

s us

ing

prob

abili

ty c

once

pts

(e.g

., pr

oduc

t te

stin

g, m

edic

al t

estin

g,

B1.0

, B2.

0,

A6.0

, A9.

0C6

.0pu

lling

a h

ocke

y go

alie

at

the

end

of a

gam

e).

B5.0

Stat

isti

cs a

nd P

roba

bilit

y –

APP

S –

Adva

nced

Pla

cem

ent

Prob

abili

ty a

nd S

tati

stic

s10

.0 S

tude

nts

know

the

defi

nitio

ns o

f the

mea

n, m

edia

n. a

nd m

ode

of d

istr

ibut

ion

of d

ata

and

can

com

-A

2.0,

A9.

0B1

.0, B

5.0

C6.0

pute

eac

h of

the

m in

par

ticul

ar s

ituat

ions

.

Calc

ulus

– C

6.0

Stud

ents

find

the

der

ivat

ives

of p

aram

etric

ally

defi

ned

func

tions

and

use

impl

icit

diff

eren

tiatio

n in

a

A10.

0B2

.0w

ide

varie

ty o

f pro

blem

s in

phy

sics

, che

mis

try,

eco

nom

ics,

and

so

fort

h.

11.0

Stu

dent

s us

e di

ffer

entia

tion

to s

olve

opt

imiz

atio

n (m

axim

um-m

inim

um p

robl

ems)

in a

var

iety

of

A6.0

, A9.

0, A

10.0

B2.0

C3.0

pure

and

app

lied

cont

exts

.

12.0

Stu

dent

s us

e di

ffer

entia

tion

to s

olve

rel

ated

rat

e pr

oble

ms

in a

var

iety

of p

ure

and

appl

ied

cont

exts

.A6

.0, A

9.0,

A10

.0B2

.0C3

.0

16.0

Stu

dent

s us

e de

finite

inte

gral

s in

pro

blem

s in

volv

ing

area

, vel

ocit

y, a

ccel

erat

ion,

vol

ume

of a

sol

id,

A9.0

, A10

.0B2

.0C3

.0ar

ea o

f a s

urfa

ce o

f rev

olut

ion,

leng

th o

f a c

urve

, and

wor

k.

29


Acad

emic

Alig

nmen

t M

atrix

PATH

WAY

S

A.

B.

C.

EN

ER

GY,

EN

VIR

ON

ME

NT,

AN

D U

TIL

ITIE

SEn

viro

nmen

tal

Ener

gy a

nd P

ower

Te

leco

mm

unic

atio

nsRe

sour

ces

Tech

nolo

gy

SCIE

NCE

Scie

ntifi

c an

d En

gine

erin

g Pr

acti

ces

– SE

P 1.

Ask

ing

ques

tions

(for

sci

ence

) and

defi

ning

pro

blem

s

A1.0

, A2.

0, A

3.0,

A4.

0, A

5.0,

A9.

0,

B1.0

, B2.

0, B

3.0,

B4.

0,

C1.0

, C2.

0, C

3.0,

C4.

0, C

5.0,

(f

or e

ngin

eerin

g)A1

0.0,

A12

.0B6

.0C6

.0, C

8.0

2. D

evel

opin

g an

d us

ing

mod

els

C1.0

, C2.

0, C

3.0,

C4.

0, C

5.0,

A1

0.0,

A11

.0B1

.0, B

7.0

C6.0

3. P

lann

ing

and

carr

ying

out

inve

stig

atio

nsA

2.0,

A5.

0, A

8.0,

A10

.0, A

11.0

B5.0

, B7.

0C3

.0, C

4.0,

C5.

0, C

6.0

4. A

naly

zing

and

inte

rpre

ting

data

B1.0

, B2.

0, B

3.0,

B5.

0,

A1.0

, A2.

0, A

3.0,

A8.

0, A

10.0

, A11

.0C3

.0, C

4.0,

C5.

0, C

6.0,

C7.

0B7

.0

C1.0

, C2.

0, C

3.0,

C4.

0, C

5.0,

5.

Usi

ng m

athe

mat

ics

and

com

puta

tiona

l thi

nkin

gA8

.0, A

11.0

B2.0

, B7.

0C6

.0

6. C

onst

ruct

ing

expl

anat

ions

(for

sci

ence

) and

des

igni

ng s

olut

ions

A

2.0,

A5.

0, A

6.0,

A7.

0, A

10.0

, B1

.0, B

2.0,

B3.

0, B

4.0,

C3

.0, C

4.0,

C5.

0, C

6.0,

C7.

0(f

or e

ngin

eerin

g)A1

2.0

B5.0

, B6.

0, B

7.0

7. E

ngag

ing

in a

rgum

ent

from

evi

denc

eA1

.0, A

2.0,

A4.

0, A

7.0,

A10

.0, A

12.0

B3.0

, B4.

0C3

.0, C

4.0,

C5.

0, C

6.0

A1.0

, A2.

0, A

3.0,

A4.

0, A

5.0,

A6.

0,

B1.0

, B2.

0, B

3.0,

B4.

0,

C1.0

, C2.

0, C

3.0,

C4.

0, C

5.0,

8.

Obt

aini

ng, e

valu

atin

g, a

nd c

omm

unic

atin

g in

form

atio

nA7

.0, A

8.0,

A10

.0, A

11.0

B5.0

C6.0

, C7.

0

Cros

scut

ting

Con

cept

– C

C C1

.0, C

2.0,

C3.

0, C

4.0,

C5.

0,

1. P

atte

rns

A1.0

, A2.

0, A

4.0,

A5.

0, A

9.0

B2.0

, B4.

0, B

7.0

C6.0

A1.0

, A2.

0, A

3.0,

A4.

0, A

5.0,

A6.

0,

C1.0

, C2.

0, C

3.0,

C4.

0, C

5.0,

2.

Cau

se a

nd e

ffec

t: M

echa

nism

and

exp

lana

tion

B1.0

A7.0

, A10

.0C6

.0

C1.0

, C2.

0, C

3.0,

C4.

0, C

5.0,

3.

Sca

le, p

ropo

rtio

n, a

nd q

uant

ity

A2.

0, A

4.0,

A8.

0B1

.0, B

2.0,

B6.

0C6

.0

A2.

0, A

4.0,

A5.

0, A

9.0,

A10

.0,

C1.0

, C2.

0, C

3.0,

C4.

0, C

5.0,

4.

Sys

tem

s an

d sy

stem

mod

els

B4.0

, B5.

0, B

6.0

A11.

0C6

.0

A1.0

, A2.

0, A

4.0,

A5.

0, A

7.0,

A8.

0,

B1.0

, B2.

0, B

3.0,

B4.

0,

C1.0

, C2.

0, C

3.0,

C4.

0, C

5.0,

5.

Ene

rgy

and

mat

ter:

Flow

s, c

ycle

s, a

nd c

onse

rvat

ion

A9.0

, A11

.0B5

.0, B

6.0

C6.0

C1.0

, C2.

0, C

3.0,

C4.

0, C

5.0,

6.

Str

uctu

re a

nd f

unct

ion

A6.0

, A10

.0C6

.0

30


Acad

emic

Alig

nmen

t M

atrix

PATH

WAY

S

A.

B.

C.

EN

ER

GY,

EN

VIR

ON

ME

NT,

AN

D U

TIL

ITIE

SEn

viro

nmen

tal

Ener

gy a

nd P

ower

Te

leco

mm

unic

atio

nsRe

sour

ces

Tech

nolo

gy

Phys

ical

Sci

ence

s –

PS

PS1:

Mat

ter a

nd It

s In

tera

ctio

ns

PS1.

A: S

truc

ture

and

Pro

pert

ies

of M

atte

rA

2.0,

A3.

0B2

.0, B

5.0

C1.0

, C2.

0, C

3.0,

C4.

0, C

5.0,

C6.

0

PS1.

B: C

hem

ical

Rea

ctio

nsA

2.0,

A4.

0, A

7.0

B3.0

, B4.

0C1

.0, C

2.0,

C3.

0, C

4.0,

C5.

0, C

6.0

PS1.

C: N

ucle

ar P

roce

sses

B3.0

, B5.

0C1

.0, C

2.0,

C3.

0, C

4.0,

C5.

0, C

6.0

PS2:

Mot

ion

and

Stab

ility

: For

ces

and

Inte

ract

ions

PS2.

A: F

orce

s an

d M

otio

nA1

0.0

B3.0

C5.0

, C6.

0

PS2.

B: T

ypes

of i

nter

actio

nsA1

0.0

B1.0

, B3.

0, B

7.0

PS2.

C: S

tabi

lity

and

Inst

abili

ty in

Phy

sica

l Sys

tem

sA1

0.0

B3.0

PS3:

Ene

rgy

PS3.

A: D

efini

tions

of E

nerg

yA1

.0, A

4.0,

A8.

0B1

.0, B

2.0,

B3.

0, B

5.0,

B7.

0C3

.0, C

4.0,

C5.

0, C

6.0

PS3.

B: C

onse

rvat

ion

of E

nerg

y an

d En

ergy

Tra

nsfe

rA1

.0, A

4.0,

A8.

0B1

.0, B

2.0,

B3.

0C3

.0, C

4.0,

C5.

0, C

6.0

PS3.

C: R

elat

ions

hip

Betw

een

Ener

gy a

nd F

orce

sA1

0.0

B2.0

, B3.

0, B

4.0

C3.0

, C4.

0, C

5.0,

C6.

0

PS3.

D: E

nerg

y in

Che

mic

al P

roce

sses

and

Eve

ryda

y Li

feA1

.0, A

2.0

B3.0

, B4.

0C3

.0, C

4.0,

C5.

0, C

6.0

PS4:

Wav

es a

nd T

heir

Appl

icat

ions

in T

echn

olog

ies

for I

nfor

mat

ion

Tran

sfer

PS4.

A: W

ave

Prop

ertie

sB3

.0C1

.0, C

2.0,

C3.

0, C

4.0,

C5.

0, C

6.0

PS4.

B: E

lect

rom

agne

tic R

adia

tion

A2.

0B2

.0C1

.0, C

2.0,

C3.

0, C

4.0,

C5.

0, C

6.0

PS4.

C: In

form

atio

n Te

chno

logi

es a

nd In

stru

men

tatio

nC1

.0, C

2.0,

C3.

0, C

4.0,

C5.

0, C

6.0

Life

Sci

ence

s –

LS

LS2:

Eco

syst

ems:

Inte

ract

ions

, Ene

rgy,

and

Dyn

amic

s

LS2.

A: In

terd

epen

dent

Rel

atio

nshi

ps in

Eco

syst

ems

A3.0

, A6.

0

LS2.

B: C

ycle

s of

mat

ter a

nd E

nerg

y Tr

ansf

er in

Eco

syst

ems

A2.

0B3

.0

LS2.

C: E

cosy

stem

s D

ynam

ics,

Fun

ctio

ning

, and

Res

ilien

ceA3

.0, A

6.0

LS4:

Bio

logi

cal E

volu

tion:

Uni

ty a

nd D

iver

sity

LS4.

C: A

dapt

atio

nA6

.0

LS4.

D: B

iodi

vers

ity

and

Hum

ans

A6.0

31


Acad

emic

Alig

nmen

t M

atrix

PATH

WAY

S

A.

B.

C.

EN

ER

GY,

EN

VIR

ON

ME

NT,

AN

D U

TIL

ITIE

SEn

viro

nmen

tal

Ener

gy a

nd P

ower

Te

leco

mm

unic

atio

nsRe

sour

ces

Tech

nolo

gy

Eart

h an

d Sp

ace

Scie

nces

– E

SS

ESS2

: Ear

th’s

Syst

ems

ESS2

.A: E

arth

Mat

eria

ls a

nd S

yste

ms

ESS2

.B: P

late

Tec

toni

cs a

nd L

arge

-Sca

le S

yste

m In

tera

ctio

nsC3

.0, C

4.0

ESS2

.C: T

he R

oles

of W

ater

in E

arth

’s Su

rfac

e Pr

oces

ses

A2.

0, A

11.0

ESS2

.D: W

eath

er a

nd C

limat

eA

2.0,

A3.

0ES

S2.E

: Bio

geol

ogy

ESS3

: Ear

th a

nd H

uman

Act

ivit

yA8

.0ES

S3.A

: Nat

ural

Res

ourc

esA1

.0, A

6.0,

A7.

0ES

S3.B

: Nat

ural

Haz

ards

B1.0

C2.0

, C3.

0, C

4.0

A6.0

ESS3

.C: H

uman

Impa

cts

on E

arth

Sys

tem

sA

2.0

ESS3

.D: G

loba

l Clim

ate

Chan

ge

Engi

neer

ing,

Tec

hnol

ogy,

and

the

App

licat

ions

of

Scie

nce

– ET

S

ETS1

: Eng

inee

ring

Desi

gn

ETS1

.A: D

efini

ng a

nd D

elim

iting

an

Engi

neer

ing

Prob

lem

A5.0

, A10

.0,

B5.0

, B7.

0C2

.0, C

3.0,

C4.

0, C

5.0,

C6.

0ET

S1.B

: Dev

elop

ing

Poss

ible

Sol

utio

nsA1

1.0

ETS1

.C: O

ptim

izin

g th

e De

sign

Sol

utio

n

ETS2

: Lin

ks A

mon

g En

gine

erin

g, T

echn

olog

y, S

cien

ce, a

nd S

ocie

ty

ETS2

.A: I

nter

depe

nden

ce o

f Sci

ence

, Eng

inee

ring,

and

Tec

hnol

ogy

A2.

0B1

.0C2

.0, C

3.0,

C4.

0, C

5.0,

C6.

0, C

7.0

ETS2

.B: I

nflue

nce

of E

ngin

eerin

g, T

echn

olog

y, a

nd S

cien

ce o

n So

ciet

y an

d th

e N

atur

al W

orld

32


Acad

emic

Alig

nmen

t M

atrix

PATH

WAY

S

A.

B.

C.

EN

ER

GY,

EN

VIR

ON

ME

NT,

AN

D U

TIL

ITIE

SEn

viro

nmen

tal

Ener

gy a

nd P

ower

Te

leco

mm

unic

atio

nsRe

sour

ces

Tech

nolo

gy

HIS

TORY

/SO

CIAL

SCI

ENCE

Prin

cipl

es o

f A

mer

ican

Dem

ocra

cy a

nd E

cono

mic

s (g

over

nmen

t) –

AD

12.7

Stu

dent

s an

alyz

e an

d co

mpa

re t

he p

ower

s an

d pr

oced

ures

of t

he n

atio

nal,

stat

e, t

ribal

, and

loca

l gov

ernm

ents

.

12.7

.1. E

xpla

in h

ow c

onfli

cts

betw

een

leve

ls o

f gov

ernm

ent

and

bran

ches

of

C1.0

, C2.

0, C

3.0,

C4.

0, C

5.0,

C6.

0, C

7.0

gove

rnm

ent

are

reso

lved

12.7

.2. I

dent

ify

the

maj

or r

espo

nsib

ilitie

s an

d so

urce

s of

rev

enue

for

sta

te a

nd

C1.0

, C2.

0, C

3.0,

C4.

0, C

5.0,

C6.

0, C

7.0

loca

l gov

ernm

ents

.

12.7

.3. D

iscu

ss r

eser

ved

pow

ers

and

conc

urre

nt p

ower

s of

sta

te g

over

nmen

ts.

12.7

.5. E

xpla

in h

ow p

ublic

pol

icy

is f

orm

ed, i

nclu

ding

the

set

ting

of t

he p

ublic

C1

.0, C

2.0,

C3.

0, C

4.0,

C5.

0, C

6.0,

C7.

0ag

enda

and

impl

emen

tatio

n of

it t

hrou

gh r

egul

atio

ns a

nd e

xecu

tive

orde

rs.

12.7

.6. C

ompa

re t

he p

roce

sses

of l

awm

akin

g at

eac

h of

the

thr

ee le

vels

of

C1.0

, C2.

0, C

3.0,

C4.

0, C

5.0,

C6.

0, C

7.0

gove

rnm

ent,

incl

udin

g th

e ro

le o

f lob

byin

g an

d th

e m

edia

.

Prin

cipl

es o

f Ec

onom

ics

– PE

12.1

Stu

dent

s un

ders

tand

com

mon

eco

nom

ic t

erm

s an

d co

ncep

ts a

nd e

cono

mic

re

ason

ing.

12.1

.2. E

xpla

in o

ppor

tuni

ty c

ost

and

mar

gina

l ben

efit

and

mar

gina

l cos

t.C1

.0, C

2.0,

C3.

0, C

4.0,

C5.

0, C

6.0,

C7.

0

12.2

Stu

dent

s an

alyz

e th

e el

emen

ts o

f Am

eric

a’s

mar

ket

econ

omy

in a

glo

bal

sett

ing.

12.2

.3. E

xpla

in t

he r

oles

of p

rope

rty

right

s, c

ompe

titio

n, a

nd p

rofit

in a

mar

ket

C1.0

, C2.

0, C

3.0,

C4.

0, C

5.0,

C6.

0, C

7.0

econ

omy.

12.3

Stu

dent

s an

alyz

e th

e in

fluen

ce o

f the

fed

eral

gov

ernm

ent

on t

he A

mer

ican

ec

onom

y.

12.3

.1. U

nder

stan

d ho

w t

he r

ole

of g

over

nmen

t in

a m

arke

t ec

onom

y of

ten

incl

udes

pro

vidi

ng f

or n

atio

nal d

efen

se, a

ddre

ssin

g en

viro

nmen

tal c

once

rns,

C1

.0, C

2.0,

C3.

0, C

4.0,

C5.

0, C

6.0,

C7.

0de

finin

g an

d en

forc

ing

prop

erty

righ

ts, a

ttem

ptin

g to

mak

e m

arke

ts m

ore

com

-pe

titiv

e, a

nd p

rote

ctin

g co

nsum

ers’

right

s.

33


Acad

emic

Alig

nmen

t M

atrix

PATH

WAY

S

A.

B.

C.

EN

ER

GY,

EN

VIR

ON

ME

NT,

AN

D U

TIL

ITIE

SEn

viro

nmen

tal

Ener

gy a

nd P

ower

Te

leco

mm

unic

atio

nsRe

sour

ces

Tech

nolo

gy

U.S.

His

tory

and

Geo

grap

hy –

US

11.5

Stu

dent

s an

alyz

e th

e m

ajor

pol

itica

l, so

cial

, eco

nom

ic, t

echn

olog

ical

, and

cu

ltura

l dev

elop

men

ts o

f the

192

0s.

11.5

.7. D

iscu

ss t

he ri

se o

f mas

s pr

oduc

tion

tech

niqu

es, t

he g

row

th o

f citi

es, t

he

impa

ct o

f new

tec

hnol

ogie

s (e

.g.,

the

auto

mob

ile, e

lect

ricit

y), a

nd t

he r

esul

ting

B1.0

pros

perit

y an

d ef

fect

on

the

Amer

ican

land

scap

e.

11.6

Stu

dent

s an

alyz

e th

e di

ffer

ent

expl

anat

ions

for

the

Gre

at D

epre

ssio

n an

d ho

w t

he N

ew D

eal f

unda

men

tally

cha

nged

the

rol

e of

the

fed

eral

gov

ernm

ent.

11.6

.4. A

naly

ze t

he e

ffec

ts o

f and

the

con

trov

ersi

es a

risin

g fr

om N

ew D

eal

econ

omic

pol

icie

s an

d th

e ex

pand

ed r

ole

of t

he f

eder

al g

over

nmen

t in

soc

iety

an

d th

e ec

onom

y si

nce

the

1930

s (e

.g.,

Wor

ks P

rogr

ess

Adm

inis

trat

ion,

Soc

ial

C2.0

, C3.

0, C

4.0,

C5.

0, C

6.0,

C7.

0Se

curit

y, N

atio

nal L

abor

Rel

atio

ns B

oard

, far

m p

rogr

ams,

reg

iona

l dev

elop

men

t po

licie

s, a

nd e

nerg

y de

velo

pmen

t pr

ojec

ts s

uch

as t

he T

enne

ssee

Val

ley

Au

thor

ity,

Cal

iforn

ia C

entr

al V

alle

y Pr

ojec

t, an

d Bo

nnev

ille

Dam

).

11.6

.5. T

race

the

adv

ance

s an

d re

trea

ts o

f org

aniz

ed la

bor,

from

the

cre

atio

n of

the

Am

eric

an F

eder

atio

n of

Lab

or a

nd t

he C

ongr

ess

of In

dust

rial O

rgan

iza-

C2.0

, C3.

0, C

4.0,

C5.

0, C

6.0,

C7.

0tio

ns t

o cu

rren

t is

sues

of a

pos

tindu

stria

l, m

ultin

atio

nal e

cono

my,

incl

udin

g th

e U

nite

d Fa

rm W

orke

rs in

Cal

iforn

ia.

11.8

Stu

dent

s an

alyz

e th

e ec

onom

ic b

oom

and

soc

ial t

rans

form

atio

n of

pos

t-W

orld

War

II A

mer

ica.

11.8

.7. D

escr

ibe

the

effe

cts

on s

ocie

ty a

nd t

he e

cono

my

of t

echn

olog

ical

dev

el-

opm

ents

sin

ce 1

945,

incl

udin

g th

e co

mpu

ter r

evol

utio

n, c

hang

es in

com

mun

i-C2

.0, C

3.0,

C4.

0, C

5.0,

C6.

0, C

7.0

catio

n, a

dvan

ces

in m

edic

ine,

and

impr

ovem

ents

in a

gric

ultu

ral t

echn

olog

y.

11.11

Stu

dent

s an

alyz

e th

e m

ajor

soc

ial p

robl

ems

and

dom

estic

pol

icy

issu

es in

co

ntem

pora

ry A

mer

ican

soc

iety

.

11.11

.5. T

race

the

impa

ct o

f, ne

ed f

or, a

nd c

ontr

over

sies

ass

ocia

ted

with

en

viro

nmen

tal c

onse

rvat

ion,

exp

ansi

on o

f the

nat

iona

l par

k sy

stem

, and

the

de

velo

pmen

t of

env

ironm

enta

l pro

tect

ion

law

s, w

ith p

artic

ular

att

entio

n to

the

C2

.0, C

3.0,

C4.

0, C

5.0,

C6.

0, C

7.0

inte

ract

ion

betw

een

envi

ronm

enta

l pro

tect

ion

advo

cate

s an

d pr

oper

ty ri

ghts

ad

voca

tes.

34


Acad

emic

Alig

nmen

t M

atrix

PATH

WAY

S

A.

B.

C.

EN

ER

GY,

EN

VIR

ON

ME

NT,

AN

D U

TIL

ITIE

SEn

viro

nmen

tal

Ener

gy a

nd P

ower

Te

leco

mm

unic

atio

nsRe

sour

ces

Tech

nolo

gy

Wor

ld H

isto

ry, C

ultu

re, a

nd G

eogr

aphy

– W

H10

.3 S

tude

nts

anal

yze

the

effe

cts

of t

he In

dust

rial R

evol

utio

n in

Eng

land

, Fra

nce,

G

erm

any,

Jap

an, a

nd t

he U

nite

d St

ates

.

10.3

.2. E

xam

ine

how

sci

entifi

c an

d te

chno

logi

cal c

hang

es a

nd n

ew f

orm

s of

en

ergy

bro

ught

abo

ut m

assi

ve s

ocia

l, ec

onom

ic, a

nd c

ultu

ral c

hang

e (e

.g.,

the

B1.0

inve

ntio

ns a

nd d

isco

verie

s of

Jam

es W

att,

Eli W

hitn

ey, H

enry

Bes

sem

er, L

ouis

Pa

steu

r, Th

omas

Edi

son)

.

10.11

Stu

dent

s an

alyz

e th

e in

tegr

atio

n of

cou

ntrie

s in

to t

he w

orld

eco

nom

y an

d th

e in

form

atio

n, t

echn

olog

ical

, and

com

mun

icat

ions

rev

olut

ions

(e.g

., te

levi

sion

, C1

.0, C

2.0,

C3.

0, C

4.0,

C5.

0, C

6.0,

C7.

0sa

telli

tes,

com

pute

rs).

35

Contributors

Energy, Environment, and Utilities

Lloyd McCabe, Administrator, California Department of Education

Mindi Yates, Education Consultant, California Department of Education

Standards Review TeamJerry Bernstein, Director, City College of San Francisco

Linda Christopher, Director, Linking Education and Economic Development

Duane Crum, California State Leader, Project Lead the Way

Peter Davis, Statewide Director, Advanced Transportation, Technology, and

Energy (ATTE) Initiative

David Esmaili, Director, ATTE Initiative, West Valley College

Daniel Feemster, Manager, Curriculum Development, Pacific Gas and

Electric Company

Siobhan Foley, Director, Education and Outreach, Center for Sustainable Energy

J. Gonzales, Advisor, Secondary Programs, Los Angeles Unified School District

Andrea Gooden, Senior Project Manager, Pacific Gas and Electric Company

Chris Graillat, Workforce Development Coordinator, California Energy Commission

Carlos Hernandez, Program Manager, Workforce Education and Training, Southern California Edison

Kevin Pledger, Instructor, San Joaquin County Office of Education

Nikole Reaksecker, Program Manager, Energy Coalition

Mario Rendon, Principal Program Manager, Power Pathway, Pacific Gas and

Electric Company

Susan Tidyman, Career Academic Support Unit, University of California, Berkeley

Case Van Dam, Professor and Director, California Wind Energy Collaborative

Susan Wheeler, Coordinator, Education Relations, Sacramento Metropolitan

Utility District

David Yeroshek, Instructor, Twin Rivers Unified School District

EEU | California Career Technical Education Model Curriculum Standards36

Standards Writing TeamRonda Adams, Associate Superintendent, Educational Services, Yolo County Office

of Education

Bob Bachmeier, Math Specialist, Yolo County Office of Education

Carlos Hernandez, Program Manager, Workforce Education and Training, Southern California Edison

Bill Lehtonen, Director, Public Outreach, International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials

Steve Lehtonen, Director of Environmental Education, International Association of

Plumbing and Mechanical Officials

Janet Malig, Director, Advanced Transportation, Technology, and Energy (ATTE) Initiative, Cerritos College

Larry McLaughlin, Director, ATTE Initiative, College of the Desert

Greg Newhouse, Director, ATTE Initiative, San Diego Miramar College

Roland Otto, Project Manager, Institute for Sustainable Performance of Buildings

Kevin Pledger, Instructor, Venture Academy, Imagine IT

David Yeroshek, Instructor, Twin Rivers Unified School District

Common Core Alignment TeamAutumn Chapman, Instructor, Oakland Unified School District

Pamela Davis, Instructor, Sacramento City Unified School District

Kristi Leonard, Instructor, Lake Tahoe Unified School District

Marcia McAllister, Instructor, Sacramento City Unified School District

Sofia Paez-Valdez, Instructor, Pasadena Unified School District

Sherry Penaflor, Instructor, Coachella Valley Unified School District

Zach Ronnenberg, Instructor, Davis Joint Unified School District

Russell Wong, Instructor, Pasadena Unified School District

Energy, Environment, and Utilities | EEU 37


References

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