Energy, Environment, Sustainability

A Global Challenge IssueTackled Collaboratively by

McDonnell Academy Partner UniversitiesPratim Biswas

Fuel Economics& Reserves

Energy Security

CO2 & Other Environmental

Emissions

ENERGY IS A Complex GLOBAL CHALLENGE ISSUE:

THE ELEMENTS OF THE ENERGY EQUATION

AAQRL - Aerosol and Air Quality Research Laboratory

Energy Efficiency

Increasing Energy Demand

Policy

Energy consumption data source: US Energy Information Administration. International Energy Outlook 2013.Population data source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2013). World Population Prospects: The 2012

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 20401.5E+05

1.7E+05

1.9E+05

2.1E+05

2.3E+05

2.5E+05

5

6

7

8

9

10

World Energy Consumption

World Population

Year

Glo

bal

An

nu

al E

ner

gy

Co

nsu

mp

-ti

on

(T

Wh

)

Wo

rld

Po

pu

lati

on

(B

illi

on

s)

GLOBAL ANNUAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND POPULATION GROWTH

POPULATION

ANNUAL ENERGY USE

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 20400.0E+00

2.0E+04

4.0E+04

6.0E+04

8.0E+04

Year

Glo

bal

An

nu

al E

ne

rgy

Co

ns

um

pti

on

by

fue

l (T

Wh

)2014

28%

27%

23%

15%

7%

33%

29%

22%

5%

Source: US Energy Information Administration. Inal Energy Outlook 2013.

11%

Petroleum and other liquid fuels (including biofuels)

Coal

Natural gas

Renewables(excluding biofuels)

Nuclear

Share of global total

GLOBAL ANNUAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY SOURCE

Global Energy Supply

5

Primary Energy Source % of total

Oil 33.5Coal 26.8Gas 20.8Renewable (Solar, Wind, Biomass, Hydro)

12.9

Nuclear 5.8Other 4

TOTAL RATE OF PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY = 16 TW

TOTAL GENERATED = 2.3 TW(14 % of energy supply)

TOTAL CONSUMED = 1.92 TW (12% of energy supply; 83 % of generated)

Sun sends to Earth - Energy per Year: 120,000 TW

Petroleum 41.2%

Natural Gas 22.9%

Coal 23.2%

Nuclear Electric(8.5%)

Hydro (3.0%) Renewable(1.3%)

United States

28427 billion kWh/year

Petroleum (20.1%) Natural Gas

(2.8%)

Coal (70.5%)

Nuclear Electric (0.7%)

Hydro(5.8%)

Renewable (0.1%)

China

21638 billion kWh/year

Petroleum (30.6%)

Natural Gas (8.1%)

Coal (53.4%)

Nuclear Electric (1.1%)

Hydro(6.3%)

Renewable (0.5%)

India

5178 billion kWh/year

McDonnell Academy Partner University Country Primary Energy Source Distribution

Petroleum 48.5%

Natural Gas 7.5% Coal 4.6%

Nuclear Electric(1.5%)

Hydro (36.1%)

Renewable(1.8%)

Brazil

2782 billion kWh/year

Petroleum 43.5%

Natural Gas 22.2%

Coal 10.7%

Hydro (22.7%)

Renewable(0.9%)

Chile

365 billion kWh/year

Petroleum 29.7%

Natural Gas 45.2%

Coal 12.3%

Nuclear Electric 11.5%

Renewable(1.2%)

Hungary

328 billion kWh/year

Petroleum 58.8%

Natural Gas 4.0%

Coal 37.2%

Israel

250 billion kWh/year

Petroleum 35.1%

Natural Gas 29.2%

Coal 24.5%Hydro 11.1%Renewable

(0.1%)

Turkey

1147 billion kWh/year

Petroleum 46.1%

Natural Gas 15.8%

Coal 20.3%

Nuclear Electric 12.8%

Hydro 3.7%Renewable

(1.3%)

Japan

6678 billion kWh/year

Petroleum 60.0%

Natural Gas 21.0%

Coal 13.5%

Hydro 2.3%

Renewable(3.2%)

Indonesia

1216 billion kWh/year

Petroleum 53.3%

Natural Gas 30.8%

Coal 12.9%

Hydro 2.1%

Renewable(0.8%)

Thailand

1092 billion kWh/year

Petroleum 47.7%

Natural Gas 13.6%

Coal 23.4%

Nuclear Electric 14.8%

Hydro 0.4%Renewable

(0.1%)

South Korea

2769 billion kWh/year

Coal Petroleum Natural Gas Hydro/RenewablesNuclear

Thimsen, 2009

PER CAPITA CO2 EMISSIONS FOR DIFFERENT COUNTRIES

AAQRL - Aerosol and Air Quality Research Laboratory

10 - USA11 - India12 - China13 - Brazil

Global Energy Future Report (2010)

Mixe

d Bag of S

ources

Decision Making Tools(Life History Accounting)

Resource Inputs

Waste Products(Convert to UsefulByproducts)

MinimizeEmissions(Zero Carbon)

Water Discharge(Reuse)

Fossil Fuels

Solar

NuclearSocio-Cultural Dimensions

Mixed Bag of Energy Sources & Production MethodologiesPROBABLY IN A CARBON CONSTRAINED WORLD

Will use a variety of primary energy sources

Wind

Biomass

Coal

Gas

Future Energy ScenarioInnovation

Climate MitigationReduce DemandEnergy Efficiency

MAGEEP

MAGEEP:McDonnell Academy Global Energy & Environmental Partnership

A consortium of 29 McDonnell Academy Partner Universities & Corporate Partners in 16 countries working together in Energy, Environmental and Sustainability Research, Education And Operations

Vision / Mission:

Collectively identify and collaboratively tackle important global energy and environmental challenges in an integrated and holistic manner

mageep.wustl.edu

MAGEEP

MAGEEP:McDonnell Academy Global Energy & Environmental Partnership

Selected Areas of Activity:

• Solar Energy and Energy Storage (IIT Bombay, U Queensland, METU, U Chile; Technion); SERIIUS – A $ 25 M Center

• Cleaner Utilization of Coal(U Queensland, IIT Bombay, Tsinghua, Seoul Nat. Univ., U of Tokyo); CCCU – A $ 12 M Center

• Clean Water (IIT Bombay, TISS, Bogazici)• Aerosols and Air Quality (Peking U, IIT B, Tsinghua,

Chulalongkorn)• Campus Sustainability Operations• MAGEEP Education Network (most Universities)

mageep.wustl.edu

Energy, Environmental & Sustainability Sessions

Friday, 9:30 am– 12:15 pmGrand Challenges Assoc. w/ Energy, Env & Sustainability

Yulian Yang, Fudan UDevang Khakhar, IIT BAhmet Acar, METU

Knight Hall(Presidents of Univs.)

Sunday, October 19Workshops9 am – 12:15 pm Solar Energy & Energy

StorageBrauer 12

9 am – 12:15 pm Cleaner Utilization of Coal Whitaker Hall

2 pm – 5 pm Air Quality & Policy Brauer 3015

2 pm – 5 pm MAGEEP Education Network

Brauer 12