energy in ireland key statistics 2013

5/25/2018 Energy in Ireland Key Statistics 2013

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Energy in IrelandKey Statistics 2013


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Energy in IrelandKey Statistics 2013

Report prepared by

Martin Howley and Mary Holland

November 2013

Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland

Reproduction of the contents is permissible

provided the source is acknowledged


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Energy in Ireland KEY STATISTICS 1

Table of ContentsIntroduction.........................................................................................................................................3

Ireland Key Facts .............................................................................................................................4Energy Flow Overall 2012 ............................................................................................................5Energy Flow Transport 2012.......................................................................................................6Energy Flow Thermal Uses 2012 ...............................................................................................7Energy Flow Electricity Generation 2012 ..............................................................................8CO

2Emissions by Mode ...................................................................................................................9

Primary Energy and CO2Emissions per Capita.......................................................................9

Total Primary Energy Requirement by Sector 1990 2012 ............................................ 10Total Primary Energy Requirement by Fuel 1990 2012................................................. 10

Total Primary Energy Requirement by Sector ......................................................................11Total Primary Energy Requirement by Fuel ..........................................................................11Primary Energy Related CO

2by Sector 1990 2012 ...........................................................12

Non-Emissions Trading Energy Related CO21990 2012 ................................................12

Primary Energy Related CO2by Sector ....................................................................................13

Non-Emissions Trading Scheme Energy Related CO2

( excl. ETS Industry) ...............13Energy Balance 2012 ...................................................................................................................... 14Total Final Consumption by Sector 1990 2012 ................................................................ 16Total Final Consumption by Fuel 1990 2012 ..................................................................... 16Total Final Consumption by Sector ..........................................................................................17

Total Final Consumption by Fuel ...............................................................................................17CO

2Emissions per kWh and Efficiency of Electrical Supply 1990 2012 ................. 18

Primary Fuel Mix for Electricity Generation 1990 2012 ................................................ 18Electricity Supply Efficiency and CO

2Intensity ................................................................ 19

Primary Fuel Mix for Electricity Generation ......................................................................... 19Indigenous Energy Production 1990 2012 ........................................................................ 20Imported Energy by Fuel 1990 2012 .................................................................................... 20Indigenous Production and Import Dependency ............................................................ 21Imported Energy by Fuel ............................................................................................................. 21

Renewable Energy Contribution to GFC 1990 2012 ...................................................... 22Renewable Energy Contribution to Gross Electricity Consumption.......................... 22Renewable Energy Contribution to Gross Energy ............................................................. 23Renewable Electricity Contribution to GEC .........................................................................23Renewable Energy Contribution to Thermal Energy (RES-H) ....................................... 24Renewable Energy as a proportion of (petrol & diesel) Transport (RES-T) .............. 24Progress towards Renewable Energy Targets 2012 .......................................................... 25Energy Efficiency in Ireland ........................................................................................................26Industry, Transport and Households Energy Efficiency Indices ...................................27

Private Cars per 1,000 of Population.......................................................................................28Specific CO2Emissions of New Cars 2000 2011 (2012 est) ........................................... 28

Calorific Values ................................................................................................................................ 29Emission Factors.............................................................................................................................. 29


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2 Energy in Ireland KEY STATISTICS

Sustainable Energy Authority of IrelandThe Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland was established as Irelands national

energy authority under the Sustainable Energy Act 2002. SEAIs mission is to

play a leading role in transforming Ireland into a society based on sustainableenergy structures, technologies and practices. To fulfil this mission SEAI aims to

provide well-timed and informed advice to Government, and deliver a range of

programmes efficiently and effectively, while engaging and motivating a wide

range of stakeholders and showing continuing flexibility and innovation in all

activities. SEAIs actions will help advance Ireland to the vanguard of the global

green technology movement, so that Ireland is recognised as a pioneer in the

move to decarbonised energy systems.

SEAIs key strategic objectives are: Energy efficiency first implementing strong energy efficiency actions that

radically reduce energy intensity and usage;

Low carbon energy sources accelerating the development and adoption of

technologies to exploit renewable energy sources;

Innovation and integration supporting evidence-based responses that

engage all actors, supporting innovation and enterprise for our low-carbon

future.

The Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland is financed by Irelands EU StructuralFunds Programme co-funded by the Irish Government and the European Union.

Energy Policy Statistical Support UnitSEAI has a lead role in developing and maintaining comprehensive national

and sectoral statistics for energy production, transformation and end use. This

data is a vital input in meeting international reporting obligations, for advising

policy makers and informing investment decisions. Based in Cork, EPSSU is SEAIs

specialist statistics team. Its core functions are to:

Collect, process and publish energy statistics to support policy analysis and

development in line with national needs and international obligations;

Conduct statistical and economic analyses of energy services sectors and

sustainable energy options;

Contribute to the development and promulgation of appropriate

sustainability indicators.


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IntroductionThis booklet presents a summary of the key points from a number of Sustainable

Energy Authority of Irelands Energy Policy Statistical Support Unit reports. It is

intended to provide a snapshot of key energy and energy related facts and figuresfor the period 1990 to 2012 with a particular focus on 2012. The full list of SEAI/

EPSSU reports is available from www.seai.ie/statistics.

This booklet also examines energy trends between 2005 and 2012, using 2005

as a reference year. This acknowledges the policy context, aligning with the

timescales in the EU Effort Sharing Decision 406/2009/EC on greenhouse gas

(GHG) emissions, which requires Ireland to achieve a 20% reduction, relative to

2005 levels, by 2020 in GHG emissions for sectors of the economy not covered by

the EU Emissions Trading Directive (i.e. non-ETS GHG emissions).This booklet is based on data, compiled by SEAIs Energy Policy Statistical Support

Unit, which is used to generate the annual energy balance and to fulfil Irelands

legal obligations under the EU Energy Statistics Regulation and reporting

requirements to the International Energy Agency. The authors are grateful to

the relevant Government Departments and Agencies, energy suppliers and

distributors for the provision of this data.

Energy balance data analysed in this report were frozen on 8th October 2013.

Balance data are updated whenever more accurate information is known. Toobtain the most up-to-date balance figures, please visit the statistics publications

section on the Sustainable Energy Authority of Irelands website.

An energy data service is available at http://www.seai.ie/statistics ; follow the links

for Energy Statistics Databank. This service is hosted by the Central Statistics

Office with data provided by SEAI.


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Ireland Key Facts The estimated population of Ireland in 2011 was 4.585 million persons (CSO).

Gross domestic product in Ireland in 2012 was 163,938m (CSO).

Irelands economy grew by 0.2% in 2012. Primary energy demand fell by 4.6%

to 13.2 Mtoe and energy-related CO2emissions decreased by 4.0% to 38 Mt.

Energy-related CO2emissions in 2012 were 20% above 1990 levels.

Since 2007, Irelands economy has contracted by 7.3%, reaching 2005/2006

levels in 2012. Energy demand has fallen by 19% to 1999 levels and associated

CO2emissions have fallen by 21% to 1997/1998 levels.

Irelands import dependence in 2012 was 85%, down from a peak of 90% in

2006.

Electricity generated from renewable energy (normalised) reached 19.6% of

gross electricity consumption (RES-E) in 2012. The national target for 2010

was 15% of electricity consumption generated by renewables and the EU

target for Ireland was 13.2%. Irelands target for 2020 is 40%.

Renewable energy contribution to thermal energy (RES-H) was 5.2% in 2012.

Irelands target for 2010 was 5% and the year 2020 RES-H target is 12%.

Renewable energy in transport (RES-T) reached 2.4% in 2012, or 3.8% when

weightings are applied to biofuels from waste and second generationbiofuels. Irelands target was 3% by 2010 and is 10% by 2020.

In 2012, renewable energy grew by 0.6% to 838 ktoe, representing 7.1% of

Irelands gross final energy use. Irelands target under the EU Renewable

Energy Directive is to achieve a 16% renewable energy penetration by 2020.

The average annual energy-related CO2emissions in the period 2008 2012

were 42 Mt, or 34% above 1990 levels. Irelands target for economy wide

greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is to limit growth to 13% above 1990 levels

in the period 2008 2012.

Energy-related CO2emissions in 2012 in sectors not included in EU emissions

trading (non-ETS) were 20% below 2005 levels. Irelands target is to achieve a

20% reduction in total non-ETS GHG emissions by 2020.

The average specific emissions from new passenger cars purchased in Ireland

in 2012 were 125.1 g CO2/km, down from 164 g CO

2/km in 2007. This has already

met the target of 130 g CO2/km set by the EU Directive (443/2009) for 2015.


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Energy Flow Overall 2012Hydro 69 ktoe

Wind 345 ktoeOther Renewables

& Wastes 468 ktoe

ElectricityImports 67 ktoe

Briquetting

14 ktoe

Natural Gas

own use /loss 61 ktoeOil Refining

104 ktoe Electricity

Transformation

& Transmission

Losses

2,514 ktoe

Transport 4,195 ktoe

Residential 2,715 ktoe

Industry 2,252 ktoeServices 1,326 ktoeAgriculture

& Fisheries 273 ktoe

Peat 802 ktoe

Coal

1,482 ktoe

Natural Gas4,023 ktoe

Oil

6,005 ktoe

Note: Some statistical differences exist between inputs and outputs

Tota

lPrimaryEnergy

Requirement13,2

29ktoe

TotalFinalConsumption10,761ktoe

The above sankey diagram shows the energy balance for Ireland in 2012 as a flow

diagram. This illustrates clearly the significance of each of the fuel inputs as well

as showing how much energy is lost in transformation.

The main points are as follows: All fuels, with the exception of coal, peat, renewables and wastes, experienced

reductions in consumption in 2012. Renewables in aggregate increased by

0.6% to 838 ktoe and coal use increased by 17.3% to 1,482 ktoe.

Consumption of oil, in absolute terms, fell by 12.1% in 2012 to 6,005 ktoe and

accounted for 45% of primary energy.

Natural gas use fell in 2012 by 2.5% to 4,023 ktoe and its share of TPER was 30%.

In 2012 the use of coal increased by 17.3%, driven by a 27.1% increased use in

electricity generation. Coal use in final consumption in industry fell by 22.1%

while in the residential sector coal use increased by 4.1% in 2012.

Peat use overall increased by 5.4% in 2012 to 802 ktoe. There was a 16%

increase in peat use in electricity generation and a 10.5% increase in the use of

peat briquettes in the residential sector.

Wind energy decreased by 8.4% in 2012 to 4,010 GWh (345 ktoe), The share of

wind in overall energy use in 2012 was 2.6%.

The Hydro resource increased in 2012 to 802 GWh or 69 ktoe, due to the wetter

than normal year.


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Energy Flow Transport 2012

Note: Some statistical differences exist between inputs and outputs

Diesel

2,251 ktoe

Kerosene

1,360 ktoeBiofuels

85 ktoe

Petrol

1,311 ktoe

LPG

1 ktoeElectricity Fuel

Inputs 9 ktoe

Road

(Private Car)1,919 ktoe

Road Freight

651 ktoeAviation

586 ktoePublic

Passenger

161 ktoe

Rail

42 ktoeNavigation

59 ktoe

Electricity Generation

Losses 5 ktoe Refining Losses

71 ktoe

Unspecified

477 ktoe

Fuel Tourism300 ktoe

TransportFinalConsumption4,195ktoe

Irelands transport sector energy balance for 2012 is presented above as an energy

flow diagram.The main points are as follows:

Transport energy demand, which was responsible for a third of total energy

use in Ireland, fell by 5.7% in 2012. Over half of all transport energy consists

of diesel (55%).

Biofuels in use transport in 2012 amounted to 85 ktoe.

Renewable energy in transport (RES-T) reached 2.4% in 2012, or 3.8% when

weightings are applied to biofuels from waste and second generation

biofuels. Irelands target was 3% by 2010 and is 10% by 2020.

Petrol consumption in transport was at 1.3 Mtoe in 2012, a fall of 9.1% on the

previous year.

Diesel consumption in transport was 2.2 Mtoe in 2012, an increase of 0.1% on

the previous year. Diesel consumption grew by 230% between 1990 and 2012.


in 2012 were 125 g CO2/km, down from 164 g CO

2/km in 2007. This has already

met the target of 130 g CO2/km set by the EU Directive (443/2009) for 2015.


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Energy Flow Thermal Uses 2012Renewables232 ktoe

Wastes25 ktoe

Own Use/Refining loss104 ktoe

Residential2,017 ktoe

Industry1,464 ktoe

Services786 ktoe

Agriculture225 ktoe

Peat229 ktoe

Coal323 ktoe

Oil2,043 ktoe

Natural Gas1,712 ktoe

Note: Some statistical differences and rounding errors exist between inputs and outputs.

TotalPrimary

Energy4,5

64ktoe

TotalFinal

Energy4,4

92ktoe

The above presents Irelands thermal energy balance for 2012 as an energy flow

diagram. Thermal energy here is defined as energy used for space, process and

water heating and also for cooking etc. It is calculated as the residual energyrequirement when energy use from transport and electricity generation are

subtracted from the total.

The main points are as follows:

Energy use for thermal purposes accounted for 34% of total primary energy

supply in 2012 and 41% of final energy demand.

Oil is the dominant fuel accounting for 45% of fuel inputs in 2012.

Renewable energy contribution to thermal energy (RES-H) was 5.2% in 2012.Irelands target for 2010 was 5%.

On the right of it can be seen that the residential sector accounts for the

largest share of final thermal energy usage (45%) in 2012, followed by industry

(33%), services (17%) and agriculture (5%).

Energy use in buildings, the bulk of which is thermal energy, fell by 0.3% in

2012 and accounted for 52% of final demand. When corrected for weather,

there was a 4.4% reduction in 2012.


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Energy Flow Electricity Generation 2012

Natural Gas

2,269 ktoe

Electricity

Imports

36 ktoe

Hydro

69 ktoeWind

345 ktoe

Landfill Gas, Biomass,

Biogas & Wastes 79 ktoe Own Use /Transmission

Loss 270 ktoe

Electricity

Transformation

Loss 2,244 ktoe

Industry 788 ktoe

Residential 698 ktoeServices 540 ktoe

Agriculture

48 ktoe

Transport

4 ktoe

Gasoil & Refinery

Gas 16 ktoe

Peat

557 ktoe

Fuel Oil39 ktoe

Coal

1,160 ktoe

ote: Some statistical differences and rounding errors exist between inputs and outputs

PrimaryEnergyInput4,622 ktoe

FinalConsumption2,078ktoe

Transformation,OwnUseandTransmissionLosses2,514ktoe

The above shows graphically the flow of energy in electricity generation for 2012.

Primary fuel inputs on the left totalled 4,622 ktoe, 35% of total primary energy

supply in 2012.

Consumption of electricity by final consumers accounted for less than one

fifth (19%) of total final energy demand.

The relative size of the useful final electricity consumption to the energy lost

in transformation and transmission is striking. These losses represent 54% of

the energy inputs.

Natural gas was the dominant fuel in 2012 responsible for 49% of total primary

input to electricity generation, followed by coal, accounting for 25% of the

fuel mix.

In 2012, renewables accounted for 11.4% of the energy inputs to generate

electricity with wind contributing 7.5% of total inputs. Wind generation fell

by 8.4% in 2012 following a 57% increase in 2011.

The industry sector accounts for the largest share of electricity usage (38%) in

2012, followed by residential (34%) and services (26%), and agriculture (2.3%).

Energy inputs to electricity generation increased by 2.6% in 2012 while at the

same time final consumption of electricity fell by 2.9%.


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CO2Emissions by Mode

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2012

Mtoe

Transport

Electricity

Thermal

From 1990 to 2012, total energy-related CO2emissions increased by 23% (0.9%

per annum on average). Transport recorded the largest increase at 105% (3.3%

per annum) over the period. Transport share of energy-related CO2emissions

was 33% in 2012.

Primary Energy and CO2Emissions per Capita

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

tonnesCO2/capita

MW

h/capita

Primary Energy per Capita

(MWh/capita)

tonnes CO/capita

Over the period 1990 to 2012 primary energy per capita increased by 6.5%

to 34 MWh while energy-related CO2

emissions per capita fell by 6% to 8.2

tonnes. This reflects the switch from the use of solid fuels to oil, gas and

renewable energy.


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Total Primary Energy Requirement by Sector 1990 2012

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Mtoe

Agriculture

Commercial/Public Services

Residential

Transport

Industry

Over the period 1990 2012 primary energy increased by 39% while the

economy grew by 166%. Since 2005, primary energy decreased by 16% to

1999 levels while the economy returned to 2005/2006 levels.

In 2012 Irelands primary energy requirement fell by 4.6% to 13 Mtoe.

Total Primary Energy Requirement by Fuel 1990 2012

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Mtoe

Net Electricity Import/Export

Renewables

Natural Gas

Oil

Peat

Coal

All fuels, with the exception of coal, peat and renewables, experienced

reductions in consumption in 2012. Coal and peat grew by 17% and 5.4%

respectively while renewables grew by 0.6%..


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Total Primary Energy Requirement by Sector

Total Primary Energy Requirement (ktoe) Shares %

1990 2000 2005 2009 2010 2011 2012 1990 2012

Industry 2,524 3,768 3,608 3,102 3,283 3,207 3,241 26.8 24.1

Transport 2,054 4,161 5,179 4,973 4,700 4,515 4,270 21.8 31.7

Residential 2,995 3,522 3,920 3,963 4,242 3,659 3,607 31.8 26.8

Services 1,504 2,228 2,641 2,367 2,272 1,971 2,006 16.0 14.9

Agri/Fishery 331 409 421 343 337 316 312 3.5 2.3

Total 9,497 13,780 15,829 14,752 14,837 13,872 13,229

Transport primary energy use fell for the first time during 2008, by 4.7%, as a

result of the economic downturn. Transport energy use continued to fall in

2012 by 5.4% and cumulatively by 27% since the start of the recession in 2008.

Industry energy use fell by 1.1% in 2012. Industrys share of primary energy

was 24% in 2012.

Overall, primary energy use in buildings increased by 25% since 1990 and in

2012 it fell by 0.3%.

Total Primary Energy Requirement by Fuel

Total Primary Energy Requirement (ktoe) Shares %

1990 2000 2005 2009 2010 2011 2012 1990 2012

Coal 2,085 1,815 1,886 1,154 1,241 1,264 1,482 22.0 11.2

Peat 1,377 803 786 817 791 761 802 14.5 6.1

Oil 4,422 7,859 9,130 7,748 7,385 6,832 6,005 46.6 45.4

Natural Gas 1,446 3,059 3,477 4,274 4,692 4,125 4,023 15.2 30.4

Renewables 168 235 373 679 679 834 838 1.8 6.3

Wastes - - - 13 9 14 44 - 0.3

Elect. Imp. 0 8 176 66 40 42 36 0.0 0.5

Total 9,497 13,780 15,829 14,752 14,837 13,872 13,229

Oil continues to be the dominant energy source. The share of oil in primary

energy in 2012 was 45%. Consumption of oil, in absolute terms, decreased by12.1% in 2012 following a 7.5% decrease in 2011.


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Primary Energy Related CO2by Sector 1990 2012

0

10

20

30

40

50

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

MtCO2

Agriculture

Services

Residential

Transport

Industry

Energy-related CO2emissions in 2012 were 20% higher than 1990 levels. The

average annual energy-related CO2emissions in the period 2008 2012 were

41 Mt, or 22% above 1990 levels.

Non-Emissions Trading Energy Related CO21990 2012

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

MtCO2

Industry non-ETS (2005 on)

Agriculture

Services

Residential

Transport

Target

2020 Target: 20% below

Non-Emission Trading Scheme (ETS) sectors (including non-ETS industry)

energy-related CO2 emissions decreased by 1.4% per annum between 2005and 2010 and fell by 5.4% in 2012.


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Primary Energy Related CO2by Sector

Energy-related CO2Emissions (ktCO

2) Shares %

1990 2000 2005 2009 2010 2011 2012 1990 2012

Industry 7,899 11,378 10,520 8,414 8,769 8,344 8,487 25.8 22.6

Transport 6,044 12,335 15,293 14,496 13,645 13,105 12,399 19.8 33.0

Residential 10,764 11,156 11,843 11,491 12,143 10,473 10,329 35.2 27.5

Services 4,817 6,748 7,765 6,390 6,079 5,238 5,372 15.8 14.3

Agriculture 1,046 1,261 1,271 1,011 988 924 915 3.4 2.4

Total 30,569 42,878 46,835 41,896 41,699 38,147 37,571

The most significant area of growth overall since 1990 was in the transport

sector, where CO2 emissions in 2012 were 105% higher than those in 1990

(3.3% average annual growth rate). Transport emissions in 2012 fell by 5.4%.

Non-Emissions Trading Scheme Energy Related CO2( excl.

ETS Industry)

Energy-related CO2Emissions (ktCO

2)

1990 2000 2005 2009 2010 2011 2012

Transport 6,029 12,315 15,256 14,473 13,621 13,083 12,375

Residential 7,052 6,243 7,070 7,252 7,614 6,420 6,042

Services 2,311 2,440 2,385 2,244 2,282 2,056 2,058

Industry (excl

ETS industry)660 822 862 719 692 651 621

Agriculture : : 1,602 1,209 1,172 973 824Total 16,053 21,820 27,318 25,993 25,457 23,247 21,989

Non-ETS emissions are now 20% below 2005 levels. Under EU Decision

406/2009/EC there is a requirement on Ireland to achieve a 20% reduction in

total non-ETS emissions on 2005 levels by 2020.


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Energy Balance 2012

2012 Units = ktoeCOAL PEAT OIL Kerosene Fueloil Gasoline

Indigenous Production - 315 - - - -

Imports 1,333 - 8,080 1,296 196 1,100

Exports 9 9 1,780 6 962 442

Stock Change 158 495 93 -31 34 12

Primary Energy Reqment 1,482 802 6,005 1,259 -756 670

Transformation Input 1,160 652 2,876 - 39 -

Transformation Output - 87 3,111 139 947 598

Exchanges & Transfers 17 - -18 - 1 -

Own use & losses 0 14 104 - - -Total Final Consumption 323 215 6,116 1,344 118 1,296

Industry 85 1 514 76 109 -

Non-Energy Mining - - 37 2 1 -

Food and beverages 16 1 117 45 13 -

Textiles and textile products - - 2 1 - -

Wood and wood products - - 3 - - -

Pulp, paper, etc. - - 3 1 - -

Chemicals - - 25 11 3 -

Rubber and plastic products - - 9 - - -Other non-metallic minerals 69 - 146 7 2 -

Basic metals & fabr. metals - - 94 - 86 -

Machinery and equip. n.e.c. - - 5 - - -

Electrical & optical equip. - - 35 - - -

Transport equipment - - 4 - - -

Other manufacturing - - 33 8 2 -

Transport - - 4,107 586 - 1,296

Road Freight - - 634 - - -

Road Private Car - - 1,874 - - 1,027Public Passenger Services - - 157 - - 25

Rail - - 38 - - -

Domestic Aviation - - 5 5 - 1

International Aviation - - 581 581 - -

Fuel Tourism - - 293 - - 121

Navigation - - 59 - - -

Unspecified - - 465 - - 122

Residential 239 215 910 683 0 -

Services - - 360 - 10 -

Agricultural - - 202 - - -

Fisheries - - 23 - -

Statistical Difference 16 8 3 54 34 -27


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Gasoil/

Diesel

Other

OilGAS

RENE-

WABLESELEC TOTAL

Units = ktoe 2012

- - 183 761 - 1,304 Indigenous Production2,183 3,305 3,846 79 67 13,407 Imports

316 53 - - 32 1,830 Exports

20 58 -7 -2 - 738 Stock Change

1,782 3,049 4,023 838 36 13,229 Primary Energy Reqment

7 2,829 2,274 112 49 7,141 Transformation Input

1,296 131 - 38 1,959 5,199 Transformation Output

-2 -17 - -414 414 -1 Exchanges & Transfers

- 103 61 - 270 449 Own use & losses

3,120 238 1,686 317 2,078 10,761 Total Final Consumption

143 187 685 153 788 2,252 Industry

34 - 12 - 56 106 Non-Energy Mining

32 27 108 36 168 446 Food and beverages

1 - 1 - 10 14 Textiles and textile products

2 - 2 96 34 134 Wood and wood products

2 - 3 - 18 25 Pulp, paper, etc.

9 2 67 - 143 235 Chemicals

4 5 5 - 35 48 Rubber and plastic products45 92 17 22 50 330 Other non-metallic mineral

3 5 329 - 64 486 Basic metals and fabricated

3 2 6 - 20 31 Machinery & equip. n.e.c.

2 33 127 - 97 259 Electrical & optical equip.

1 3 2 - 17 23 Transport equipment

5 17 7 - 76 116 Other manufacturing

2,225 1 - 85 4 4,195 Transport

634 - - 17 - 651 Road Freight

846 1 - 45 - 1,919 Road Private Car131 - - 4 - 161 Public Passenger Services

38 - - - 4 42 Rail

- - - - - 5 Domestic Aviation

- - - - - 581 International Aviation

172 - - 7 - 300 Fuel Tourism

59 - - - - 59 Navigation

343 - - 12 - 477 Unspecified

184 43 600 53 698 2,715 Residential

343 7 400 26 540 1,326 Services202 - - - 48 250 Agricultural

23 - - - - 23 Fisheries

-51 -8 1 33 11 73 Statistical Difference


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Total Final Consumption by Sector 1990 2012

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Mtoe

Agriculture

Commercial/Public Services

Residential

Transport

Industry

Irelands TFC in 2012 was 11 Mtoe, 3.7% less than in 2011 and 48% above 1990

levels.

Final energy use in transport fell in 2012 by 5.7% and industry final energy fell

by 1.1%. These sectors energy use is closely coupled with economic growth.

Residential final energy use fell by 4.2% in 2012 and services final energy fell by0.6% despite 2012 being marginally colder than 2011.

Total Final Consumption by Fuel 1990 2012

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Mtoe

Renewables

Electricity

Natural Gas

Oil

Peat

Coal

Final energy from renewable sources increased by 0.4% in 2012.


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Total Final Consumption by Sector

Total Final Consumption (ktoe) Shares %

1990 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 1990 2012

Industry 1,720 2,593 2,503 2,197 2,280 2,278 2,252 23.7 20.9

Transport 2,019 5,749 5,476 4,893 4,624 4,448 4,195 27.8 39.0

Residential 2,258 2,902 3,146 3,081 3,270 2,833 2,715 31.2 25.2

Services 1,001 1,589 1,748 1,527 1,476 1,333 1,326 13.8 12.3

Agri./Fish. 252 343 358 314 298 281 273 3.5 2.5

Total 7,249 13,176 13,232 12,011 11,947 11,172 10,761

Energy use in transport fell in 2012 by 5.7% to 4.2 Mtoe.

Final energy use in the residential sector fell by 4.2% in 2012 to 2.7 Mtoe.

Total Final Consumption by Fuel

Total Final Consumption (ktoe) Shares %

1990 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 1990 2012

Coal 843 421 422 379 365 325 323 11.6 3.0

Peat 757 272 280 273 254 242 215 10.4 2.0

Oil 3,952 8,577 8,420 7,422 7,206 6,578 6,116 54.5 56.8

Natural Gas 570 1,461 1,567 1,468 1,616 1,560 1,686 7.9 15.7

Renewables 108 221 249 283 312 315 317 1.5 2.9

Wastes - - - 13 9 14 25 - 0.2Electricity 1,021 2,224 2,294 2,173 2,186 2,139 2,078 14.1 19.3

Total 7,249 13,176 13,232 12,011 11,947 11,172 10,761

Final consumption of oil fell by 7% in 2012 to 6.1 Mtoe and its share of final

energy consumption fell to 57%, down from 60% in 2010.

Natural gas experienced an increase in consumption in 2012 of 8.1% to 1.7

Mtoe. Renewables and wastes were the only other fuels to experience

increases in 2012 with renewables growing by 0.4% and non-renewablewastes increasing by 80% but from a very low base.


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CO2Emissions per kWh and Efficiency of Electrical Supply

1990 2012

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

kgCO2/kWh

Electricity COper kWh

Efficiency of Electricity Supply (%)

The efficiency of electricity supply fell to 45.8% in 2012 from 47% in 2011 while

emissions from electricity generation increased to 528 g CO2

per kWh.

Primary Fuel Mix for Electricity Generation 1990 2012

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Mtoe

Electricity (net imports)

Renewables

Natural Gas

Gasoil

Fuel Oil

Peat

Coal

Natural gas remains the dominant fuel in electricity generation with its share

at 49% in 2012, down from 55% in 2011.

In 2012 there was a 27% increase in coal in the electricity fuel mix and its share

increased to 25%. Peat use increased by 16% in 2012.


21/32


Electricity Supply Efficiency and CO2Intensity

Electricity Supply Increase %

1990 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 90-12 Per annum90-12

Efficiency 33.2% 43.6% 44.8% 45.5% 44.5% 47.3% 45.8% 37.9 1.5

Intensity

(g CO2/kWh)

896 560 547 522 530 489 528 -41.1 -2.4

During 2012 the efficiency fell to 45.8% due a 7.7% reduction in gas generation

and increases in both coal and peat.

Primary Fuel Mix for Electricity Generation

Fuels used in electricity generation (ktoe) Shares %

1990 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 1990 2012

Coal 1,245 1,172 991 775 868 913 1,160 40.2 25.1

Peat 604 457 577 566 490 480 557 19.5 12.0

Oil 343 398 355 214 137 55 56 11.1 1.2

Natural Gas 843 2,737 2,811 2,759 3,025 2,498 2,269 27.2 49.1

Renewables 60 270 341 393 368 516 526 1.9 11.4

Wastes - - - - - - 18 - 0.4

Electricity

Imports0 114 39 66 40 42 36 0.0 0.8

Total 3,094 5,147 5,114 4,772 4,928 4,504 4,622

Coal and peat both increased their share in the electricity fuel mix in 2012

reaching a combined 37% of fuel inputs compared with 31% in 2011.

Wind contribution to electricity generation fell by 8.4% in 2012 due to a

lower wind resource compared with the previous year. The contribution

from hydro increased by 13.5% as a result of the very wet summer in 2012.

Other renewables in the form of landfill gas, biogas and biomass made up the

remainder of the contribution at 2.4% of fuel inputs. In 2012 there was a 2%

increase in renewables contribution to the electricity fuel mix due mainly tothe increased contribution from hydro and renewable wastes.


22/32


Indigenous Energy Production 1990 2012

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Mtoe

RenewablesCoal

Peat

Gas

Production of indigenous gas decreased by 90% over the period since 1990,

peat by 78% and renewable energy in contrast increased by 354%. Indigenous

production peaked in 1995 at 4.1 Mtoe and there was a 68% reduction since.

Imported Energy by Fuel 1990 2012

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Mtoe

Electricity

Gas

Oil

Coal

Import Dependency

The decrease in indigenous production has coincided with the increase in

imported energy. Over the period 1990 to 2012 there was an 68% increase

of total net imports with a 28% increase in net imports of oil and as a resultIrelands overall import dependency was 85% in 2011.


23/32


Indigenous Production and Import Dependency

Indigenous Production (ktoe) Shares %

1990 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 1990 2012

Coal 16 - - - - - - 0.4 -

Peat 1,411 626 651 561 981 760 315 40.7 24.2

Natural Gas 1,877 310 354 255 234 171 183 54.1 14.1

Renewables 168 472 546 620 598 745 761 4.8 58.4

Wastes - - - 13 9 14 44 - 3.4

Total 3,471 1,408 1,551 1,449 1,823 1,690 1,304

% Import Dependency Increase %

1990 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 90 - 12Per annum

90-12

Import

Dependency68.0 88.3 89.7 89.4 87.1 88.6 84.7 24.6 1.0

In 2012, overall indigenous energy production decreased by 23%. Peat production fell by 59% due to the very wet summer. Gas production

increased by 7.4% while renewable energy production increased by 2.2%

Imported Energy by Fuel

Net Imported Energy (ktoe) Shares %

1990 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 1990 2012

Coal 1,992 1,442 1,608 1,302 966 1,415 1,324 28.9 11.4

Peat Briq. -4 -8 -10 -5 -10 -9 -9 -0.1 -0.1

Oil 4,912 9,051 9,162 8,079 7,800 7,180 6,300 71.2 54.4

Natural Gas - 3,924 4,174 4,037 4,487 3,963 3,846 0.0 33.2

Electricity - 114 39 66 40 42 36 0.0 0.3

Renewables - 25 42 59 82 83 79 0.0 0.7

Total 6,899 14,549 15,014 13,538 13,365 12,674 11,577

Net imported energy fell by 8.7% in 2012.


24/32


Renewable Energy Contribution to GFC 1990 2012

0.0%

1.0%

2.0%

3.0%

4.0%

5.0%

6.0%

7.0%

8.0%

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Solar

Geothermal

Liquid Biofuels

Biomass

Biogas

Landfill Gas

Wind (normalised)

Hydro (normalised)

The target for Ireland in the European Renewable Energy Directive (2009/28/EC) is

16% share of renewable energy in the final consumption by 2020.

The share in 2012 was 7.1%, up from 6.4% in 2011.

Renewable Energy Contribution to Gross Electricity Consumption

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Biomass

Biogas

Landfill Gas

Wind (normalised)

Hydro (normalised)

The contribution from renewable energy to gross electrical consumption

(normalised) in 2012 was 19.6% (17.6% in 2011). The White Paper target for

2010 was 15%.

Installed capacity of wind generation was 1,763 MW as of the end of 2012.


25/32


Renewable Energy Contribution to Gross Energy

Renewable Contribution to Gross Energy (ktoe) Shares %

1990 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 1990 2012Hydro 60 57 83 78 52 61 69 35.7 8.2

Wind 0 168 207 254 242 377 345 0.0 41.1

Solid Biomass 105 182 176 193 211 213 256 62.9 30.5

Landfill Gas - 36 39 42 44 44 43 - 5.1

Biogas 2 10 10 13 14 14 13 1.4 1.5

Biofuels - 22 56 78 93 100 85 - 10.1

Solar - 1 3 4 7 8 10 - 1.2

Geothermal - 12 16 17 17 18 18 - 2.1

Total 168 490 590 679 679 834 838

Share of GFC 2.3% 3.5% 4.0% 5.0% 5.5% 6.4% 7.1%

Note that solid biomass refers to wood, wood wastes and other wastes (such as tallow).

Solid biomass accounted for the largest share of renewable energy until 2008

when wind energy exceeded it becoming the dominant renewable energy

source.

Renewable Electricity Contribution to GEC

Renewables electricity generated (GWh) Shares %

1990 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 1990 2012

Hydro* 753 745 757 754 754 752 759 100.0 15.3

Wind* - 2031 2391 2936 3227 3830 4247 - 77.8Solid Biomass - 14 33 65 111 137 244 - 2.8

Landfill Gas - 139 159 169 184 181 175 - 3.7

Biogas - 17 17 17 22 21 21 - 0.4

Total 753 2,946 3,357 3,941 4,298 4,920 5,446

Share of GEC 5.3% 9.9% 11.1% 13.7% 14.9% 17.6% 19.6%

*Hydro and wind normalised for climatic variations

The total renewable contribution to Irelands gross electricity consumption

increased by 778% over the period 1990 to 2012.


26/32


Renewable Energy Contribution to Thermal Energy

(RES-H)

0.0%

1.0%

2.0%

3.0%

4.0%

5.0%

6.0%

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010Geothermal Solar Biogas Biomass

Between 2000 and 2012 RES-H grew from 2.4 % to 5.2%.

Renewable Energy as a proportion of (petrol & diesel)

Transport (RES-T)

0.0%

0.5%

1.0%

1.5%

2.0%

2.5%

3.0%

3.5%

4.0%

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Biofuels Share (%) Weighted Biofuels Share (%)

In absolute terms, biofuels in transport increased from 1 ktoe in 2005 (0.03%)

to 85 ktoe in 2012 (2.4%). When double certification is taken into account theshare of biofuels in transport was 3.8% in 2012.


27/32


Progress towards Renewable Energy Targets 2012

Gross Electricity

2,376 ktoe

Oil

6,005 ktoe

Hydro

69 ktoe

Wind

345 ktoe

Other Renewables

& Wastes 424 ktoe Electricity Imports

67 ktoe

Briquetting

14 ktoe

Natural Gas own

use / loss 61 ktoe

Oil Refining

104 ktoeElectricity

Transformation

2,514 ktoe

Transport

(excl. Aviation)

3,610 ktoe

Aviation

586 ktoe

Thermal

4,486 ktoe

Peat

802 ktoe

Coal

1,482 ktoe

Natural Gas

4,023 ktoe

Note: Some statistical differences exist between inputs and outputs.

RES-E Normalised wind and hydro.

TotalPrimaryEnergy

Requiremen

t13,2

29ktoe

TotalFinalConsumption10,761ktoe

RE = 6.3% of TPER

RES-T

3.8%

RES-H

5.2%RES-E

19.6%

RE Directive

= 7.1% of GFC

Renewable energy accounted for 6.3% of total primary energy requirement in

2012. Total renewable energy amounted to 838 ktoe in 2012.

Electricity from renewable energy sources (RES-E) represented 19.6%

(normalised) of gross electricity consumption in 2012 or 452 ktoe (5,252 GWh)

in absolute terms.

5.2% of energy used for thermal purposes came from renewable energy in

2012. This was 232 ktoe in absolute terms.

2.4% of petrol and diesel use in transport came from renewable energy

sources or 85 ktoe in absolute terms in 2012. When weightings are applied to

biofuels from waste and second generation biofuels the renewable transport

is 3.8%.

Gross final consumption (Directive 2009/28/EC) of renewables in 2012

amounted to 786 ktoe (wind and hydro normalised) and represented 7.1% of

gross final consumption.


28/32


Energy Efficiency in Ireland

82

79

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011

Index1995=100

Overall Energy Efficiency Index (Observed)

Overall Energy Efficiency Index (Technical)

Energy efficiency is defined as a ratio between an output of performance, service,

goods or energy and an input of energy. Essentially improvements in energy

efficiency enable achievement of the same result with less energy or achieving

an improved performance with the same energy. For a more detailed discussionon energy efficiency in Ireland see the SEAIs Energy Efficiency in Ireland 2009

Report1. The energy-efficiency indicators presented in this report are updated

to 2011 figures.

Two efficiency indicators for Ireland are presented for the period 1995 to 2011.

The observed index shows that between 1995 and 2012 there was an 18%

(1.2% per annum on average) decrease, which indicates a 18% improvement

in energy efficiency.

To separate out the influence of behavioural factors, a technical index iscalculated and used to better assess the technical energy-efficiency progress.

Technical efficiency improved by 21% (1.4% per annum) from 1995 to 2012.

Technical efficiency gains arise from the use of more energy-efficient technologies

whereas behavioural gains are the result of how technologies are used. The

difference between the observed and technical indicators is the influence of

behavioural effects, i.e. Ireland would have achieved the greater improvement in

energy efficiency but for the increases in energy usage due to behaviour. It is

important to note that behavioural effects can also be beneficial for example,

the purchase of more efficient technologies or improvements in insulation.

1 Available from www.seai.ie.


29/32


Industry, Transport and Households Energy Efficiency

Indices

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

1995 2000 2005 2010

Index1995=100

Industry

Transport

Households

The industry intensity at constant structure improved by 16% (2.1% per

annum) between 1995 and 2002 before deteriorating between 2002 and

2005 by 0.9%. There was a return to an energy efficiency improvement in the

notional intensity at constant structure between 2005 and 2007 of 1.8% before

the impact of the economic downturn in 2008 which led to a deterioration

in the notional efficiency of industry at constant structure of 23% (4.9% per

annum) between 2008 and 2012.

The transport observed ODEX fell by 22% (1.5% per annum) over the period

1995 2012.

The residential observed ODEX decreased by 36% over the period (2.6% perannum), indicating an improvement in energy efficiency.

As the ODEX is a top-down energy efficiency indicator it provides a measurement

for gross energy efficiency savings but cannot be linked directly to specific energy

efficiency measures or programmes. In industry an index of intensity at constant

structure is the preferred measure of energy efficiency in Ireland.


30/32


Private Cars per 1,000 of Population

227 237242 249

262275

292310

323339 348

360 370379

391 402420 430 429 420 411 413 411

312324 327

335349

364382

403417

436 445459 469

479 494507

528 539 539 529 521 525 524

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

CarsPer1,000

Cars per 1,000 (Population) Cars per 1,000 (Adult)

Private Cars Per 1,000 of Population:

EU 27 Average (2010) = 477

UK (2010) = 458Source: Eurostat & DG TREN

Private car numbers fell by 0.3% in 2012 following a cumulative 2.6% reduction

in 2009 and 2010 and a small increase of 0.8% in 2011. This resulted in an

increase in car density to 524 cars per 1000 adults, compared to an EU-27

average of 551 and a UK average of 578 (both in 2007).

Specific CO2Emissions of New Cars 2000 2012 (2013 est)

166.1 167.7 167.2 166.7

167.9166.1

161.7164.0

158.2

144.0

132.8

128.0

125.1123.3

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

CO2

g/km


in 2012 were 125 g CO2/km, down from 164 g CO2/km in 2007. This has alreadymet the target of 130 g CO

2/km set by the EU Decision (443/2009) for 2015.


31/32


Calorific Values

Fuel Net Calorific Value toe/t Net Calorific Value MJ/t

Crude Oil 1.0226 42,814Gasoline (petrol) 1.0650 44,589

Kerosene 1.0556 44,196

Jet Kerosene 1.0533 44,100

Gasoil / Diesel 1.0344 43,308

Residual Fuel Oil (heavy oil) 0.9849 41,236

Milled Peat 0.1860 7,787

Sod Peat 0.3130 13,105

Peat Briquettes 0.4430 18,548

Coal 0.6650 27,842

Liquefied Petroleum Gas 1.1263 47,156

Petroleum Coke 0.7663 32,084

Conversion Factor Conversion Factor

Electricity 86 toe/GWh 3.6 TJ/GWh

Emission Factorst CO

2/TJ (NCV) g CO

2/kWh (NCV)

Motor Spirit (Gasoline) 70.0 251.9

Jet Kerosene 71.4 257.0

Other Kerosene 71.4 257.0

Gas/Diesel Oil 73.3 263.9

Residual Oil 76.0 273.6

LPG 63.7 229.3Naphta 73.3 264.0

Petroleum Coke 92.9 334.5

Coal 94.6 340. 6

Milled Peat 116.7 420.0

Sod Peat 104.0 374.4

Peat Briquettes 98.9 355.9

Natural Gas 56.9 204.7

Electricity (2012) 146.6 527.9


32/32


Energy Policy Statistical Support Unit

Building 2100

Cork Airport Business Park

Co. Cork

Ireland


Wilton Park House

Wilton Place

Dublin 2

Ireland

t +353 1 808 2100f +353 1 808 2066

t +353 1 808 2100

f +353 1 808 2002

e [email protected] www.seai.ie

e [email protected]

w www.seai.ie

The Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland is partly financedby Irelands EU Structural Funds Programme co-funded

by the Irish Government and the European Union

energy in ireland key statistics 2013

Documents

acknowledged5252018

energy balance

trading energy related

ireland key statistics

total final consumption

irelandkey statistics

primary fuel mix

key facts