energy in northeast ohio main sources of energy in ohio-coal, oil, natural gas, and nuclear. 1999...
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Energy in Northeast Ohio
•Main sources of energy in Ohio-coal, oil, natural gas, and nuclear.•1999 Ohio used the 3rd highest amount of energy in the Nation
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Coal
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Coal• Coal is used to produce 86.5% of
electricity in Ohio, 51% nationwide
• There are 26 Coal power plants in Ohio
• New coal is being made in lowland swamps right now
• Burning coal produces air pollution
• Coal is a fossil fuel that comes from dead plants that lived long ago, heated and pressurized to a solid black rock
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Petroleum
• Petroleum is a fossil fuel formed from the remains of dead plants and animals, heated and pressurized over millions of years
• Burning fossil fuels such as gasoline cause air pollution (too much CO2 contributes to global warming) and can cause acid rain
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Petroleum
• If we continue using oil like we are, we will have about 75-125 years of oil left
• Leading source of energy in the U.S. 38%• Oil can harm the environment from spills
and burning gasoline • Used to make many plastics, medicines,
fertilizers, and other products• Oil is made into gasoline and use for
transportation
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Natural Gas
• Comes from dead sea plants and animals buried and pressurized
• Used to heat homes, cook, dry clothing, run fireplaces, and other appliances.
• Natural gas reserves in Ohio are expected to be out in 30-70 years
• Transported through pipelines
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Nuclear Power• Davis-Besse located in Oak Harbor and
started in 1977• Uranium is put in a reactor- a neutron is
added causing uranium to become unstable causing fission (the spitting of atoms)-a chain reaction takes place causing heat- the heat is used to boil water- the steam is used to turn turbines- the turbines are connected to a generator to create electricity
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• Perry Power Station located in Perry Ohio went into operation in 1986.
• Plant cost $6 billion to build
• Davis-Besse-2001 Boric Acid ate it’s way through the heavy steel lid of the reactor head
• Plant is still under repairs that are estimated to cost $40 million to fix
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Nuclear continued…
• Radioactive wastes are stored on site in a special building. No one knows what to do with the deadly material…
• Nuclear energy does not produce any air pollution.
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Biomass
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Biomass• Fuel made from organic materials such as
wood, crops, animal wastes, etc.• Helps the environment because we
burn garbage so it doesn’t have to be put in a landfill
• Biodiesel is produced by vegetable and soy oils
• Ohio is the leading producer of soybeans• Mix 20% biodiesel and 80% regular diesel
this mixture is called B20
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Biomass continued…
• Biodiesel produces less air pollution but is more costly to make
• Ethanol is another fuel produced by biomass
• Made from starch crops such as corn and potatoes
• Also very expensive to make, and contains less energy than gasoline per liter of gas
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Solar, Wind, Water, Geothermal
• Wind studies are being done in the Cuyahoga Valley National Park as well as Lake Erie to determine where to put a windmill.
• Wind is caused by the uneven heating of the Earth
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• Hydropower is the cleanest and cheapest energy source
• Geothermal does little damage to the environment…can be used for heating and cooling
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Hydropower
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Solar
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Wind
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Renewable energy around the world
• Renewable energy be expanded in EU from the present five per cent of all energy supplied to 20% by 2020
• Germany goal is 35% wind by 2020• Brazil 40% cars run on alcohol 2006• Portugal 15% photovoltaic 35% renewable 2010• Iceland 100% renewable now!(no fossil fuels)
cars run on hydrogen.
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Fuel Cells (Hydrogen)
• Could be used in transportation as well as electricity
• Fuel cells use hydrogen and oxygen to create electricity
• The only emission is water and heat
• Can generate electricity at 60% efficiency as opposed to 33-35% like the other power plants in Ohio (coal, nuclear)
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Hydrogen Fuel Cell
http://www.h2gen.com/pages/products_overview.html
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Why don’t we use fuels Cells?
• Very costly
• Not very durable
• There are storage and delivery issues
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Cuyahoga Falls Electrical
• 13% hydro
• 6% biomass
• 2% wind (21% renewable and sustainable)
• 5% Nuclear
• 4% natural gas / oil
• 70% coal
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Green Pricing Program: New In 2004
• Green Mountain’s Nature’s Energy® Program
• 1.3¢ Per kWh For Customers Opting to Purchase Green Power
• 750kWh Per Month Reduces CO2
Emissions By 17,100 lbs. Annually
• Sign-up Is On A Month-To-Month Basis (Over 200 Customers)
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ENERGY: past, present and future
Energy gives us a high standard of living.
Fossil fuels are a limited resource.
Oil: peak 2010. Most used up by 2100
Natural gas: peak 2020. Most used by 2110
Coal may last 300 years
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Future
• Electricity from food wastes
• Energy Freedom Challenge City
• 21% renewable energy now
• Goal by 2020 50%renewable electrical
energy
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Conclusion
• Where do fossil fuels originally get their energy from?
• What are some ways we can conserve energy?
• What are fossil fuels made from?