energy in the earth system big ideas
DESCRIPTION
Energy in the Earth System Big Ideas. The climate system (and life on Earth ) is maintained by energy coming from the Sun (electromagnetic radiation). The atmosphere, which surrounds us, affects us in many ways, including the Greenhouse effect. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Energy in the Earth System
Big Ideas The climate system (and life on Earth ) is maintained by
energy coming from the Sun (electromagnetic radiation).
The atmosphere, which surrounds us, affects us in many ways, including the Greenhouse effect.
Short wave radiation (light) is absorbed by matter and change to long wave radiation (heat).
The balance between incoming light energy and outgoing (emitted) heat determines temperature of the planet.
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The Greenhouse effect
Our important Atmosphere
Adapted from the Environmental Literacy Council Environmental Science Teacher Exchange http://www.enviroliteracy.org/category.php?id=13
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The role of an atmosphere
Sunlight on the Moon 215º F day time -243º F night time
Sunlight on the Earth 134º F
Death Valley, July 10, 1913
-129º F Antarctica, July 21, 1983
With no atmosphere the Earth’s ave. temperature would be -27 º
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Earth’s Atmosphere
Is capable of quickly moving and distributing mass and heat over large distances.
Is an efficient communicator Directly affects life on Earth
by supplying the gases for the respiration of vegetation and animals.
And by moving water from oceans to land.
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Structure of the Atmosphere
As you go up.. Chemical composition
changes. Temperature changes Pressure changes
90% of mass is in first 40 km!
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Composition of the Atmosphere Nitrogen 78.1% Oxygen 20.9% Water vapor 0 to 4% Argon 0.9% Neon 0.002% Carbon Dioxide 0.035% Methane 0.0002% Helium 0.0005% Krypton 0.0001% Nitrous oxide 0.00003% Hydrogen 0.00005% Ozone 0.000004%
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The energy that drives the climate system comes from the Sun
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The Sun …
Is the star located at the center of our planetary system.
Is composed mainly of hydrogen and helium.
Sends solar heat energy which travels through space in the form of electromagnetic waves.
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At the top of the atmosphere the Energy is fairly constant
The Solar Constant
1,370 Watts/m2
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Energy interacts with matter
Reflection (albedo)
Transmission Absorption (becomes heat)
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What happens to solar radiation once it meets the Earth's atmosphere?
Energy is mainly transmitted through the atmosphere
30% is reflected, mainly from clouds
Energy is absorbed by the land and water.
Albedo: how well an object reflect energy.
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Earth’s Energy BudgetIncoming energy= Outgoing energy
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The Sun and Earth give off Energy
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Earth’s Energy Budget in detail
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The Greenhouse Effect Short wave and visible
pass easily through the atmosphere and are absorbed by the Earth’s surface.
Some energy is radiated back into the atmosphere where it is absorbed by molecules of gas.
The heated gases radiate energy in all directions, including back to Earth.
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The Greenhouse gases
Carbon Dioxide Methane Nitrous oxide Water vapor CFC’s
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Greenhouse gases
Greenhouse
Gas
How much it
contributesSource
methane 18% Wetlands, Cattle
burning, Natural gas
Oceans, lakes
Carbon dioxide 49% Burning wood & fuel
Respiration
Deforestation
Nitrous oxide 6% Car exhaust
fertilizers
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC’s)
14% Refrigerants, Solvents
Foamed plastic
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The Climate System
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Big Ideas The climate system (and life on Earth ) is
maintained by energy coming from the Sun (electromagnetic radiation).
The atmosphere, which surrounds us, affects us in a way called the Greenhouse effect.
Short wave radiation (Light) is absorbed by matter and change to long wave radiation (heat).
The balance between incoming light energy and outgoing (emitted) heat determines temperature of the planet.
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A good question….
Why does light energy from the Sun
pass through the greenhouse gases unabsorbed,
but the infrared energy
radiated from the Earth
gets absorbed?
Answer: Resonance: