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Energy Kinetic energy = energy of motion

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Page 1: Energy Kinetic energy = energy of motion. Energy Potential energy = stored energy 1. energy of position due to gravity

Energy

Kinetic energy = energy of motion

Page 2: Energy Kinetic energy = energy of motion. Energy Potential energy = stored energy 1. energy of position due to gravity

Energy

Potential energy = stored energy

1. energy of position due to gravity

Page 3: Energy Kinetic energy = energy of motion. Energy Potential energy = stored energy 1. energy of position due to gravity

Energy

Potential energy = stored energy

2. energy stored in

chemical bonds

Page 4: Energy Kinetic energy = energy of motion. Energy Potential energy = stored energy 1. energy of position due to gravity

Law of Conservation of Energy

Energy can not be

created or destroyed,

only converted from

one form to another.

Page 5: Energy Kinetic energy = energy of motion. Energy Potential energy = stored energy 1. energy of position due to gravity

When energy is RELEASED in a chemical reaction, it is called….

EXOTHERMIC

Page 6: Energy Kinetic energy = energy of motion. Energy Potential energy = stored energy 1. energy of position due to gravity

When energy is ABSORBED in a chemical reaction, it is called….

ENDOTHERMIC

Page 7: Energy Kinetic energy = energy of motion. Energy Potential energy = stored energy 1. energy of position due to gravity

Units of Energy

Energy is measured in JOULES

Also in calories or kilocalories (food)

How many calories are in a kilocalorie?

Page 8: Energy Kinetic energy = energy of motion. Energy Potential energy = stored energy 1. energy of position due to gravity

Units of Energy

How many calories in the hamburger?

420 kilocalories

Page 9: Energy Kinetic energy = energy of motion. Energy Potential energy = stored energy 1. energy of position due to gravity

What is temperature?

A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter.

All atoms are moving!

High temperature = moving faster

Page 10: Energy Kinetic energy = energy of motion. Energy Potential energy = stored energy 1. energy of position due to gravity

Once again……

TEMPERATURE

=

AVERAGE KINETIC ENERGY

Page 11: Energy Kinetic energy = energy of motion. Energy Potential energy = stored energy 1. energy of position due to gravity

Temperature Scales

Celcius:

water freezes water boils Zero degrees100 degrees

Page 12: Energy Kinetic energy = energy of motion. Energy Potential energy = stored energy 1. energy of position due to gravity

Temperature Scales

Kelvin: 0 K = absolute zero (-460 oF)all motion of particles stops!

Water freezes @ 273 KWater boils @ 373 K

Kelvin never goes below zero (no negative numbers!)

Page 13: Energy Kinetic energy = energy of motion. Energy Potential energy = stored energy 1. energy of position due to gravity

Temperature Scales

Kelvin = Celsius + 273

Celsius = Kelvin – 273

If it is 32O Celsius, what temperature is it in Kelvin?

If it is 100 Kelvin, what temperature is it in Celsius?

Page 14: Energy Kinetic energy = energy of motion. Energy Potential energy = stored energy 1. energy of position due to gravity

Temperature Scales

Page 15: Energy Kinetic energy = energy of motion. Energy Potential energy = stored energy 1. energy of position due to gravity

Standard Temperature

0 degrees Celsius

273 Kelvin

(in Table A)

Page 16: Energy Kinetic energy = energy of motion. Energy Potential energy = stored energy 1. energy of position due to gravity

At what temperature does liquid nitrogen boil?

• 77 Kelvin

• -195 Celsius

• -320 Farenheit

Page 17: Energy Kinetic energy = energy of motion. Energy Potential energy = stored energy 1. energy of position due to gravity

What is Heat?

Heat is the sum total of all the kinetic energy in a sample of matter.

How is heat different from temperature???

Page 18: Energy Kinetic energy = energy of motion. Energy Potential energy = stored energy 1. energy of position due to gravity

Heat ≠ Temperature

Both the water in the bath tub and in the cup are at 25 oC

Which contains more HEAT?

Page 19: Energy Kinetic energy = energy of motion. Energy Potential energy = stored energy 1. energy of position due to gravity

Heat Capacity

The amount of energy (in JOULES) needed to raise the temperature of the sample by 1 oC

Which water sample has a higher heat capacity?

Page 20: Energy Kinetic energy = energy of motion. Energy Potential energy = stored energy 1. energy of position due to gravity

Specific Heat Capacity

The amount of energy (in JOULES) needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of the sample by 1 oC

Which water sample has a higher specific heat ?

Page 21: Energy Kinetic energy = energy of motion. Energy Potential energy = stored energy 1. energy of position due to gravity

Specific Heat

Specific heat measures how easily something can absorb (or then lose) heat.

LOW specific heat = little energy for something to

heat up.HIGH specific heat = lots of energy to heat

something up

Every substance has its own unique specific heat value.

Page 22: Energy Kinetic energy = energy of motion. Energy Potential energy = stored energy 1. energy of position due to gravity

Specific Heat Capacity

In your experience, which substance below has a higher specific heat capacity (takes more energy to heat it up?)


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