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Course: Economic Geography Environment, Natural Resource and Climate Change

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Course: Economic Geography

Environment, Natural Resource and Climate

Change

• Energy is vital for growth and development. Revolution in the production was possible due to extraction of energy. Power could be considered an important factor of production.

Energy Sources:

OIL, Gas, Coal, Uranium

In a global scale Oil is number one producer of energy.

Saudi-Arabia has the highest reserve of Oil and produces about 22.0% of Oil followed by Iran and Iraq producing 11.4% and 9.5% respectively.

There is a demand of about 95 million barrel of Oil in a global scale .

Energy Sources:

• U.S.A is the major extractor of Coal followed by Russia and China.

• Global Coal price is also going up. The countries like China and India is going to be shifted their position from net exporters to become importers of Coal soon.

• Russia is the major distributor of Gas. Iran and Qatar also have a substantial reserve of Gas.

• About 36.0% of global Uranium is deposited in Australia alone.

• About 2,326 million tons of energy is consumed by U.S.A alone.

• Share of total energy supply constitute nearly 41% Oil, 22.1% Gas and 23.5% Coal .

• Main source of energy supply of France is Nuclear power.

Deforestation• The amount of forest – land has decreased from 1.9 billion hectare to

1.7billion hectare in the tropical regions of the world. It has declined by 1 percent in the world (by 2 percent in Bangladesh) during 1990s.

• The most obvious environment impacts are the disappearance of forests, soil erosion or desertification.

• The less obvious environmental impacts include the rise in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, the global decline of fish catches, and the pollution of land and water bodies with industrial wastes.

• Each year, 5-7 million hectares of agricultural lands are lost due to accelerating land degradation and rapid urbanization, particularly in the developing countries.

Greenhouse Effect

The greenhouse effect is caused by an atmosphere containing gases that absorb and emit infrared radiation.

Greenhouse gases trap heat within the surface-troposphere system, causing heating at the surface of the planet or moon.

This mechanism is fundamentally different from that of an actual greenhouse, which works by isolating warm air inside the structure so that heat is not lost by convection.

The greenhouse effect was discovered by Joseph Fourier in 1824.

Global Warming

Reason:

Excessive emission of Carbon dioxide by burning Coal and Oil. 

Since the industrial revolution in Europe in 18th century, production in the manufacturing sector has increased at the staggering rate. Many industries use coal and oil, and emit poisonous smoke. This pollutes air and water.

Some of the smokes return to land in the form of black gas-rain. Carbon dioxide in the air has increased from 280 per 100,000, before industrial revolution to 327 in 1972 to 370 in 2000.

Global Warming: Effects on Earth• Average façade temperature of the globe has augmented more

than 1 degree Fahrenheit since 1900 and the speed of warming has been almost three folds the century long average since 1970.

• Scientists all over the world are making predictions about the ill effects of Global warming and connecting some of the events that have taken place in the pat few decades as an alarm of global warming.

• The effect of global warming is increasing the average temperature of the earth. A rise in earth’s temperatures can in turn root to other alterations in the ecology, including an increasing sea level and modifying the quantity and pattern of rainfall.

• These modifications may boost the occurrence and concentration of severe climate events, such as floods, famines, heat waves, tornados, and twisters. Other consequences may comprise of higher or lower agricultural outputs.

• As an effect of global warming various new diseases have emerged lately.

• The global warming is extending the distribution of mosquitoes due to the increase in humidity levels and their frequent growth in warmer atmosphere.

Effects of Global Warming:

• Melting Ice• Rising sea level• Evaporation of water

Renewable energy is energy which comes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat, which are renewable (naturally replenished).

In 2006, about 18% of global final energy consumption came from renewable, with 13% coming from traditional biomass, which is mainly used for heating, and 3% from hydroelectricity.

New renewable (small hydro, modern biomass, wind, solar, geothermal, and biofuels) accounted for another 2.4% and are growing very rapidly.

The share of renewable in electricity generation is around 18%, with 15% of global electricity coming from hydroelectricity.

Renewable Energy:

• Wind power

• Hydropower

• Solar energy

• Biomass

• Bio-fuel

• Geothermal Energy

Renewable Energy Sources