Introduction to An ASHRAE Professional Development Course

Cutting Utility Coststhrough

Strategic Energy Management

Draft01/21/06 1

Introduction to An ASHRAE Professional Development Course

Strategic Energy Management:Cost Savings,

Environmental Stewardship,and More!

Draft01/21/06

2

Introduction to An ASHRAE Professional Development Course

Cost Savings andEnvironmental Stewardship

throughStrategic Energy Management

Draft01/21/06 3

Introduction to An ASHRAE Professional Development Course

Strategic Energy Management: Cost Savings and

Environmental Stewardship

Draft01/21/06

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An On-line course, presented in 2-hour segments:

BENEFITS OF ENERGY MANAGEMENT / GETTING STARTEDENERGY MANAGEMENT FLOW CHART

ENERGY MANAGER JOB DESCRIPTION OVERCOMING BARRIERS ESTABLISH COMMUNICATIONS

UNDERSTANDING AND ORGANIZING UTILITY BILLS DEVELOPING AND ANALYZING PROFILES

BENCHMARKING AND SETTING TARGETS

PURCHASING ENERGYOFF-PEAK OPTIONS

ENERGY AUDITSIMPLEMENTING ECM’S

CONTINUOUS MONITORING – REPORT SUCCESS

Energy Management

5

Today’s Agenda

Impact of Energy Management

What is Energy Management?

Simple Resources for Getting Started

Resources at work

Examples of success

6

2004

Renewable Energy5.8%

Petroleum Products

40.2%

Natural Gas23.2%

Coal22.6%

Nuclear Power8.3%

HydroelectricSolar Etc.

2004

Buildings38.5%

Industrial33.4%

Transportation28.1%

Energy Sources Energy Consumption

7

Energy Management

Energy Consumption (2004)

Buildings38.5%

Industrial33.4%

Transportation28.1%

• Buildings consume 38.5% of US energy

• A 33% reduction will save 13% of US energy

• 4 times the environmental impact of renewable energy!

Energy Consumption (2004)

Buildings25.8%

Savings12.7%

Transportation28.1%

Industrial33.4%

8

Energy Management

Systematic approach to energy conservationAssess needsPrioritize resourcesTake action

Potential Cost Effective Savings: 10% - 30%

A MANAGEMENT PROCESS!!9

Energy Management 101

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Energy Management 10120 Story Office Building

200,000 S.F. 5 years old, no energy conservation Complex, energy intensive HVAC systems No building automation system

Actions by Facility Manager Read meters daily Obtain previous day’s weather data Harass/Compliment Building Engineer daily

Result after 1 year: Energy Use Reduced One-Third! 11

Bottom-Line Energy Management

Regular Monitoring

Benchmarking

Accountability

12

Energy Star Guidelines for Energy Management

http://www.energystar.gov

Guidelines for Energy Management

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ASHRAE Energy Management

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Establish a Utility Database

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A Useful Utility Database

Facility name, address

Climate Zone

Function(s)

Gross area

Metered use by specific dates

Energy Cost

Calculate IndicesECI

EUI16

IndicesECI: Energy Cost Index = $/SF/yr

EUI: Energy Utilization Index = kBTU/SF/yr (Annual kWH X 3.413) =_____kBTU

+ (Annual Therms X 100) =_____kBTU

Total Annual Energy =_____kBTU

EUI = Total Annual Energy ÷ SF = kBTU/SF/yr

Example: Lowell Hall @ UW, 1996

(1,209,319 kWH X 3.413) = 4,127,000 kBTU

+ (83,642 Therms X 100) = 8,364,200 kBTU

Total Annual Energy = 12,491,200 kBTU

EUI = 12,491,200 kBTU ÷ 117,600 S.F. = 106.2 kBTU/SF/yr

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18

Zone 4Site SF Zone Type ECI EUI Current $601-Tysons Corner 39,463 4 Homestore $3.01 193 $118,823510-Mission Viejo 12,895 4 Housewares $6.10 177 $78,685503-Fashion Valley 14,510 4 Housewares $6.66 177 $96,579412-Roseville 34,372 4 Homestore $4.13 176 $142,059851-Lenox 36,919 4 Homestore $3.21 175 $118,325855-Alpharetta 29,282 4 Homestore $2.52 156 $73,674511-South Coast II 36,417 4 Homestore $6.02 154 $219,158402-Corte Madera 11,632 4 Housewares $6.29 142 $73,119404 a - Santana Row 38,017 4 Homestore $5.96 140 $226,467507-University Town Centre 12,678 4 Housewares $5.33 137 $67,561406-Walnut Creek 37,552 4 Homestore $6.16 129 $231,358505-Pasadena 38,566 4 Homestore $4.26 128 $164,175506-Topanga Plaza 14,262 4 Housewares $3.11 121 $44,383860-Crabtree Valley 13,305 4 Housewares $1.86 115 $24,761411-Union Square Furniture 43,167 4 Homestore $4.91 114 $211,820502-Century City(Closed) 14,200 4 Housewares $2.10 79 $29,763407-Hillsdale 15,238 4 Housewares $3.24 71 $49,341403-Palo Alto 38,920 4 Homestore $0.86 40 $33,588

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Zone 4Site SF Zone Type ECI EUI Current $601-Tysons Corner 39,463 4 Homestore $3.01 193 $118,823510-Mission Viejo 12,895 4 Housewares $6.10 177 $78,685503-Fashion Valley 14,510 4 Housewares $6.66 177 $96,579412-Roseville 34,372 4 Homestore $4.13 176 $142,059851-Lenox 36,919 4 Homestore $3.21 175 $118,325855-Alpharetta 29,282 4 Homestore $2.52 156 $73,674 EMS511-South Coast II 36,417 4 Homestore $6.02 154 $219,158402-Corte Madera 11,632 4 Housewares $6.29 142 $73,119404 a - Santana Row 38,017 4 Homestore $5.96 140 $226,467 EMS507-University Town Centre 12,678 4 Housewares $5.33 137 $67,561406-Walnut Creek 37,552 4 Homestore $6.16 129 $231,358505-Pasadena 38,566 4 Homestore $4.26 128 $164,175506-Topanga Plaza 14,262 4 Housewares $3.11 121 $44,383860-Crabtree Valley 13,305 4 Housewares $1.86 115 $24,761411-Union Square Furniture 43,167 4 Homestore $4.91 114 $211,820502-Century City(Closed) 14,200 4 Housewares $2.10 79 $29,763407-Hillsdale 15,238 4 Housewares $3.24 71 $49,341403-Palo Alto 38,920 4 Homestore $0.86 40 $33,588

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Zone 4Site SF Zone Type ECI EUI Current $601-Tysons Corner 39,463 4 Homestore $3.01 193 $118,823510-Mission Viejo 12,895 4 Housewares $6.10 177 $78,685503-Fashion Valley 14,510 4 Housewares $6.66 177 $96,579412-Roseville 34,372 4 Homestore $4.13 176 $142,059851-Lenox 36,919 4 Homestore $3.21 175 $118,325855-Alpharetta 29,282 4 Homestore $2.52 156 $73,674 EMS511-South Coast II 36,417 4 Homestore $6.02 154 $219,158402-Corte Madera 11,632 4 Housewares $6.29 142 $73,119404 a - Santana Row 38,017 4 Homestore $5.96 140 $226,467 EMS507-University Town Centre 12,678 4 Housewares $5.33 137 $67,561406-Walnut Creek 37,552 4 Homestore $6.16 129 $231,358505-Pasadena 38,566 4 Homestore $4.26 128 $164,175506-Topanga Plaza 14,262 4 Housewares $3.11 121 $44,383860-Crabtree Valley 13,305 4 Housewares $1.86 115 $24,761 Target411-Union Square Furniture 43,167 4 Homestore $4.91 114 $211,820502-Century City(Closed) 14,200 4 Housewares $2.10 79 $29,763407-Hillsdale 15,238 4 Housewares $3.24 71 $49,341403-Palo Alto 38,920 4 Homestore $0.86 40 $33,588

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Zone 4Preliminary Savings Analysis

Site SF Zone Type ECI EUI Current $ New $ Savings601-Tysons Corner 39,463 4 Homestore $3.01 193 $118,823 $70,678 $48,146510-Mission Viejo 12,895 4 Housewares $6.10 177 $78,685 $51,093 $27,592503-Fashion Valley 14,510 4 Housewares $6.66 177 $96,579 $62,924 $33,655412-Roseville 34,372 4 Homestore $4.13 176 $142,059 $92,740 $49,320851-Lenox 36,919 4 Homestore $3.21 175 $118,325 $77,619 $40,707855-Alpharetta 29,282 4 Homestore $2.52 156 $73,674 $54,176 $19,498 EMS511-South Coast II 36,417 4 Homestore $6.02 154 $219,158 $164,146 $55,012402-Corte Madera 11,632 4 Housewares $6.29 142 $73,119 $59,252 $13,867404 a - Santana Row 38,017 4 Homestore $5.96 140 $226,467 $185,686 $40,781 EMS507-University Town Centre 12,678 4 Housewares $5.33 137 $67,561 $56,700 $10,861406-Walnut Creek 37,552 4 Homestore $6.16 129 $231,358 $339,438505-Pasadena 38,566 4 Homestore $4.26 128 $164,175506-Topanga Plaza 14,262 4 Housewares $3.11 121 $44,383860-Crabtree Valley 13,305 4 Housewares $1.86 115 $24,761 Target411-Union Square Furniture 43,167 4 Homestore $4.91 114 $211,820502-Century City(Closed) 14,200 4 Housewares $2.10 79 $29,763407-Hillsdale 15,238 4 Housewares $3.24 71 $49,341403-Palo Alto 38,920 4 Homestore $0.86 40 $33,588

$2,003,639

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ASHRAE Energy Management

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Utility Profiles

Annual Profile of Monthly Data

Daily Profile of 15 minute Data

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Madison Church

Annual Profile of Monthly Data

Gas

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

31-Dec 30-Jan 1-Mar 31-Mar 30-Apr 30-May 29-Jun 29-Jul 28-Aug 27-Sep 27-Oct 26-Nov 26-Dec

Months

Th

erm

s

2001 2002 25

Madison Church

Annual Profile of Monthly Data

Electric

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

10,000

11,000

12,000

13,000

14,000

31-Dec 30-Jan 1-Mar 31-Mar 30-Apr 30-May 29-Jun 29-Jul 28-Aug 27-Sep 27-Oct 26-Nov 26-Dec

Months

kWH

2001 2002 Normal 26

Madison Bank

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Annual Profile of Monthly DataMadison Bank

Electricity by Year

-

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

800,000

900,000

J an Feb Mar Apr May J un J ul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Month

2001

2002

2003

Predicted

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Honolulu Office Building

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Daily Profile of 15 Minute DataHonolulu Office Building

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ASHRAE Energy Management

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BenchmarkingEnergy Intensity of Office Buildings

1

Worst PerformersBest Performers

Num

ber

of

Build

ings

255075100

EPA Rating &Energy Intensity

(kBtu/ft2-year)

121.129.9 165.786.0 339.4

Normalized EUI varies widely

Age and equipment not significant drivers of EUI

1

Worst PerformersBest Performers

Num

ber

of

Build

ings

255075100

EPA Rating &Energy Intensity

(kBtu/ft2-year)

121.129.9 165.786.0 339.4

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Local DatabaseHonolulu Office Buildings

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

100.0

110.0

120.0

0 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000 700,000 800,000

Size (Square Feet)

En

erg

y U

se

Ind

ex

(k

Btu

/SF

)

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EnergyStar Target Finder http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=target_finder

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Target Page in Portfolio Managerhttp://www.energystar.gov/benchmark

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ASHRAE Energy Management

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Two Types of Action

Discretionary Facility Operation

Energy Audits and Capital Improvements

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ASHRAE Energy Management

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Discretionary Facility Operation

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Discretionary Facility Operation20 Story Office Building

200,000 S.F. 5 years old, no energy conservation Complex, energy intensive HVAC systems No building automation system

Actions by Facility Manager Read meters daily Obtain previous day’s weather data Harass/Compliment Building Engineer daily

Result after 1 year: Energy Use Reduced One-Third! 40

Discretionary Opportunities

Match running time to activities

Lower hot water and hot air temperatures

Raise chilled water and cold air temperatures

Lower fan pressure in ducts

Lower pump pressure in piping

Experiment with all setpoints

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Disincentives for the building engineer

Risk of occupant discomfort

Risk of equipment failure

Experimentation can be terrifying

42

Incentives for the building engineer

Regular monitoring by the manager

Managerial encouragement to experimentOccasional, brief discomfort is OK

Teamwork

43

ASHRAE Energy Management

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Conduct Energy Audits

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“Typical” Office Building End Use

Total Building Electrical Consumption

Condenser Water Pump3.8%

Chilled Water Pump4.8%

Tower Fan1.2%

Fans26.0%

Chillers10.2%

Lights44.0%

Miscellaneous10.0%

Fans

MiscellaneousLights

Chillers

Tower Fan

Condenser Water PumpChiled Water Pump

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Honolulu Office Building Actual End Use

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ASHRAE Energy Management

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Examples of Success

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Downtown ChicagoEnergy Star Building

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Typical Monday

Honolulu Office BuildingBefore

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Honolulu Office BuildingAfter

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Annual Profile of Monthly DataMadison Bank

Electricity by Year

-

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

800,000

900,000

J an Feb Mar Apr May J un J ul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Months

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

54

Madison Insurance Company

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Madison Insurance Company

4.1 Million kWh per yearprovides electricity for 586 new homes!

Madison Insurance CompanyElectricity Use (kWh) Comparison

1,200,000

1,300,000

1,400,000

1,500,000

1,600,000

1,700,000

1,800,000

1,900,000

2,000,000

2,100,000

Jan

Feb Mar AprMay Ju

n Jul

Aug Sep OctNov Dec

Months

kWh

1998

2000

2002

2004

TOTALkWh

20,786,867

19,071,735

18,374,900

18,190,269

18,425,789

17,763,746

16,716,580

4,070,287

20% Reduction

Seven YearReduction

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

56

PeakkW

4,250

4,184

4,054

3,956

3,833

3,597

3,394

856

1998

1999

2000

Seven YearReduction

2001

2002

2003

2004

Madison Insurance Company Demand (kW) Comparison

2500

2700

2900

3100

3300

3500

3700

3900

4100

4300

4500

Months

kW

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Madison Insurance Company

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Mercury Marine Energizes for PaybackJerry Eaton, Energy Manager

Accountability (begins at home)FDL Campus (8 plants) Energy CouncilIndividual Plant Energy Wardens

Cost Effective ProjectsCorporate Wide Standard Lighting

Reduce EnergyImprove Visual AcuityReduce MaintenanceReduce Overall Inventory

Corporate Wide Compressed Air$1.8 Million Investment$875,000 Annual Savings 58

Mercury Marine cont…

Reinvest savings in additional projects

Daily monitoring of facilities and equipmentDeveloped Custom Monitoring Protocol

Continues To Adjust Compressed Air by looking for ways to reduce air usage

– improved nozzles– air blowers vs. compressed air

– actively pursue and fix leaks

– Reduced 2 PSI last week in three plants 59

Mercury Marine cont…

Results

5 years: 22 MW reduced to 19.8 MW

Even though Mercury continues to increase market share they’re still able to reduce energy costs 3% each year

Energy Management Improves Corporate Bottom Line! 60

ASHRAE Energy Management

61

Energy Star Guidelines for Energy Management

http://www.energystar.gov

Guidelines for Energy Management

62

Energy Sources(2004)

Renewable Energy5.8%

Petroleum Products

40.2%

Natural Gas23.2%

Coal22.6%

Nuclear Power8.3%

HydroelectricSolar Etc.

Energy Consumption (2004)

Buildings25.8%

Savings12.7%

Transportation28.1%

Industrial33.4%

Energy Management can be considered the largest readily available “source” of energy

Energy Management provides the biggest and fastest way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions 63

References

Energy Management:1999 ASHRAE Handbook Chapter 34http://www.energystar.gov

Guidelines for Energy Management

Computerized Building Energy SimulationWaltz, James P. Fairmont Press, Lilburn, GA, 2000.

Benchmarking:http://www.energystar.gov

Target Finder (/index.cfm?c=target_finder.bus_target_finder)Portfolio Manager (/benchmark)

Energy Audits:Procedures for Commercial Building Energy Audits

ASHRAE, Atlanta, GA, 2004. 64