energy piles nigg 2
TRANSCRIPT
8/13/2019 Energy Piles NIGG 2
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1
Peter Smith – Cementation Skanska Geothermal Manager ([email protected])
Energy Piles® – Renewable Energy from Foundations
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Slide 3
DriversConcern for the environment− Depletion of fossil fuels
− Damaging effect of carbon dioxide emissions
Government Legislation− Climate Change Act - 80% Reduction in carbon emissions by 2050− Planning Policies – Merton rule− Building Regs Part L− Code for sustainable Homes
Financial Incentives
− Carbon Reduction Commitment (CRC)- 2012− Renewable Heat incentive (RHI) – June 2011
Corporate responsibility
– Best Green Company in the Construction Industry
2011 Cementation
CN SpecialistSustainability
Awards
2011 Skanska
Best UK GreenCompany
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Slide 4
Ground Sourced Heat Pump (GSHP) Principle
2 June 2009 TrinityHaus colloquium
Geothermal heat flow(0.06 W/m 2)
Solar /atmospheric energy(10’s -100’s W/m 2)
Ground Temperature 10o
-12o
Pass a fluid through a constant 12 o
temperature ground:− A cooler fluid will increase in
temperature, (used for heating )− A warmer fluid will decrease in
temperature (used for cooling )
The magnitude of this temperaturedifferential is around 3 o-5 o
Need to maintain this differential for
gshp system viabilityDesigned to be maintained withseasonal heating and cooling cycles
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Slide 5
Typical Heat Pump Installations
130kw Units
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Slide 62 June 2009 TrinityHaus colloquium
Ground sourced heat pump system
HEAT PUMP
Compressor
Expansion valve
Pump
Pump
SOURCE CIRCUIT(Geothermal piles)
SECONDARY CIRCUIT(Building)
Cool
Warm
Hot
Warm
C o ol
W a r m
System is reversible allowing for both heating and cooling
Hot
6o
30 o
50 o
10 o
Heat
Exchanger
Heat
Exchanger
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Slide 7
Primary circuit options for GSHP systems
Systems can be combined to give optimal solutionSystems can be combined to give optimal solution
Adopted system depends on geography, geology and geometry
Open Loop SystemClosed Loop Systems
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Slide 8
Typical design values*
Performance
Dry ground gives lower yield
Mobile groundwater enhances performance
Balanced heating/cooling system is most efficient
Pile foundations (300mm to 500mm diameter) = 40 to 60W/m
Pile foundations (600mm diameter and greater) = 35W/m 2 contact area
Diaphragm/Pile Walls (fully embedded section) = 30W/m 2 contact area.
*Indicative values
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Slide 9
Benefits of using GSHP systemsOperational benefit:
Highly efficient (COP ~ 4)
60 to 70% fuel cost savings
Inherent reliability and easilymaintained
20 year typical unit life200+ year ground loop life
All Units Heat & Cool and
therefore typical 50% spacesaving
Environmental benefit :
No local emissions, pollution or
noiseUp to 50% reduction on overallbuilding carbon emissions
Typically achieves up to 16%renewable content
Satisfy Planning approval
Contributes to BREEAM / LEEDstatus
*Green = sustainability benefitMain downside is high initial capital cost
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Slide 10
Payback Period A 4 storey further education college extension, requiring 150 kW peakheating and cooling loads
100 piles 600 diameter 25m deep with 2 loops per pile
Rotary PilesCfa Piles
Total
EO Groundworks
EO PilingEO GSHP System
Indicative CostsIndicative CostsElementElement
Annual Savings £27,340 /year £27,340/year Payback Time 5.3 years 4.5 years
Thereafter Cost Benefit !!Thereafter Cost Benefit !!
£110,000 £110,000£30,000 £10,000
£5,000 £5,000
£145,000 £125,000
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Slide 11
Piling costs - depends on technique which depends on ground conditions
Rotary CFA
EO EO10% 30%
+ steel+ crane
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Slide 12
Integration of Energy pile ® Projects
Piling Contractor
M & E Engineer Architect /Consulting Engineer
Building Systems
Main Contractor
M & E Contractor
Geothermal Contractor
Groundworker
Geothermal works bridges across the Civil – Mechanical divide, starting with foundations andonly completing on building commissioning
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Slide 13
Integration - DesignGeotechnical, Structural and M&E designsmust be integrated and compatible.Redundancy levels should be mutuallyagreed between all parties. Redundancyarises from risk in:
Pile installationOperational damage (ie trimming)Geothermal design – (thermalconductivity)
There is a need for a central co-ordinator Clash with headering and drainage
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Slide 14
TestingTest at every stage to confirm ongoing
system integrityUse test at a hold and responsibilityhandover point between contractors
ProtectionFoam around loop, encased in plasticas a standard
Prevent ingress of materials likely toblock fluid flow
Protect from damage of follow ontrades.
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Slide 15
One New Change
18 Contracts
Development & trials
CFA
Driven
Rotary
Bentonite
Plunge Columns
DiaphragmWall
Continuous Improvement withincreased piling technique
complexity
Development of Energy Piles ®
Key AllianceKeble College
Pallant House Chichester
DTi PII Project StartGeothermal DCIS & CFA Trials Poole
Minipile Trials Ravenscraig
CFA Trials Newcastle
CFA Trial at Telford
2004
2002
2001
North Kent Police Station
DCIS Trials & Conductivity Trial with GI Enfield
City Of London Information Centre
2005
Euston Travelodge HotelPaddington Building 3
2006
2007
2003
2008
One New Change 2009Bankside
Crown PlaceDalham Hall Stud Farm
Lambeth College
Westminster College
Aylesbury TheatreVictoria tower, Belfast
Christchurch University, Kent
KnightsbridgeWest End Green
2010
Leadenhall
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Slide 16
Keble College - OxfordEnergy Wall TM
First UK geothermalproject
Rotary Technique− 750mm diameter
hard / soft secantwall. (12.5m)
− 450mm diabearing piles (5m)
45 kW heating andcooling
Saves 40T of CO2emissions annually
Current performancereview by Arup
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Slide 17
North Kent Police Station
280 Driven Cast inSitu EnergyPiles ®(20m deep)
80 boreholes (100mdeep)
830 kW heatingand1350 kW cooling
Saves 96T of CO2emissions annually
Combined Pile andBorehole solution
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Slide 18
Belfast - Musgrave StIreland first - energypiles® constructed to
20m373 Nr piles EnergyPiles ® up to 600mmdia.
Geothermal Size:− 750 kW Heating− 750 kW Cooling
Saves 368T of CO2emissions annually
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Slide 19
Neo Bankside, SouthwarkUK first - deepest energy pilesconstructed to date at 52m
Multi loop piles installed under abentonite technique
130 Nr piles Energy Piles ® up to1.5m dia.
Geothermal Size:− 760 kW Heating− 650 kW Cooling
Saves 450T of CO2 emissionsannually
Main contractor procured the pilingand geothermal separately
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Slide 21
Headering up
Testing Cap connection
Pile connection
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Slide 22
London : One New Change
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Slide 23© Geothermal International
ONC: Geothermal Scheme
BREEAM EXCELLENT
UK largest Energy Pile ® scheme
Foundations valued at £13.5 million, subcontractgeothermal Plant room £2.5 million
Piling contractor responsible for procuring thedesign and geothermal works
Secant wall stretching 3 double basements deep
Plunge columns for top down construction
10% Renewable geothermal contributionproviding 1.6 MW heating and1.7 MW cooling
– 219 Energy Piles (up to 2.5m dia, 38m deep) – 2 Open Loop Deep Wells to 150m
Save 1,440T of CO2 emissions annually
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B1 Slab
B2 Slab
B3 Slab
Foundation Scope
Top Down
(Down up)construction
415m of secantwall with 880 or1180mm diameterpiles up to 39mdeep
120 contained Cemloc®plunge columns
250 piles, 900 to 2400mmdiameter, installed up to 40m(max 7,000 Tonnes)
219 were designatedenergy piles ®.
Ground Level
+ further floors
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Slide 25
Foundation Installation
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Slide 26
Closed loops in BuildingPiles
Open Abstraction/ RejectionWells
Plate Frame Heat
Exchanger's )
Closed Internal Loop Circulating toFeed Heat Pumps and ThroughBuilding Piles
Heating & Cooling Headers
ONCSchematic
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Slide 27
ONC:OpenLoopWells
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Slide 28© Geothermal International
ONC: Cage DesignThree sections of reinforcement cages to join
One continuous length of geothermal loop in each pile
Loops filled with water and pressurised for installation
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Essential Elements Include:
Perimeter Wall Piles
Embedded Columns
Low cut off bearing piles
Progressive Excavation
Energy pile®
ONC Top-down Construction
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Slide 30
Foundation Plan
St Paul’s
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Slide 31
14 Basement Headering Zones & Loop Runs
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Slide 32
ONC : Geothermal Ring Mains
Plant Room risers and well head
Geothermal Ring Mains
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Slide 33© Geothermal International
ONC : Headering WorksCentral Cores
Basement
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Slide 34
Basement Slab
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Slide 35
Plant Room
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Slide 36
ONC : Plant room
Circulation Pumps Well Pump
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Slide 37
Completed Plant Room
Computer drivenaccording to variousscenarios
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Slide 38
ONC Switch On by UK Climate ChangeMinister - Greg Barker
“One New Change has set its sights onbeing the most innovative shoppingdestination in the City, so it’s no surpriseit has installed the latest state-of-the-art
energy efficient heating system. This isBritish innovation at its best, using theearth’s natural resources to solve ourenergy needs. Extracting warmth fromthe ground underneath London will help
save on the building’s heating bills andwill cut carbon.”
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Slide 39
Knightsbridge Palace HotelFirst UK Energy Wall® Scheme, valued at£4.8 million
Diaphragm wall and Plunge columns for topdown construction
Geothermal Requirements of 10%Renewables: – 150 kW Heating and Cooling
50 Energy Piles (162 loops up to 24m frombasement level)
54 Loops in 150m long diaphragm wall(36m deep)
Will save 100T of CO2 emissions annually
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Slide 40
Knightsbridge
Basement
Level
Ground
Level
Energy Wall®
Energy Piles®
SSL
FFL
2 5 0 0
2 2 2 5
2 5 0 0
5000
5 0 0 0
5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000
5 0 0 0
5 0 0 0
5 0 0 0
5 0 0 0
9 8
3 0 0 0 2 8 8 8
4 1 1 2
3 3 4 7
3 4 3 4
3 3 4 7
3 3 4 7
3 2 6 0
2 7 1 3
4 1 1 2
2 713
2 7 1 3
2712
3300330033003300330033003300330033003300
4019
2 8 8 8
3 2 7
2
3 2 7
3
4 1 1 2
3 0 9 8
3 4 4 8
3 2 7 3
3 2 7 3
3 2 6 4
3 2 7
3
2 7
1 3
3 9 1 2
2887
3 8 3 2
4 0 0 7
3 6 1 0
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Slide 41
Alternative Design
Adopted – diaphragm wall and piles(150kW heating and cooling)
Proposed – diaphragm wall and the floor slab(85kW heating and cooling)
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Slide 42
Knightsbridge Plan
Diaphragm Wall installation
Ground Source Heat Pump Schematic
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Slide 43
Energy Wall ®
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Slide 44
Plunge Columns
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Slide 45
Research Projects
3 smartpiles® instrumented with fibre optic
cables and strain gauges5yr project to monitor long term effects ofheating and cooling on pile foundation loads
Neo Bankside
Lambeth CollegeFirst UK research to examine the thermo-mechanical response of energy piles.
7 week preliminary testing research project
Test piles, boreholes and anchor piles wereInstrumented with strain gauges
Test pile held at working load while cycling
heat and cooling
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Slide 46
Test beam and pileunder test
Heat Pump
Lambeth CollegeHeat SinkPile
Pile Instrumentation
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Slide 47
Research Conclusion
There are no major concerns for piles that areshaft dominated and in stiff soils.
Caution needs to be applied if Mechanical load mobilises significant proportion ofshaft resistance
Applied concrete stresses are high
Piles need to be designed with an adequate
factor of safety
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Slide 48
Gloucester Police HQ - Boreholes150 boreholes
Depth 98m
Geothermal Size− 640kW Heating− 860kW Cooling
Saves 480T of CO2
emissions annually
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Slide 49
City Of London Information Centre BoreholesSkanskasponsoreddevelopment
3 boreholes to75m
Geothermal Size−
11 kW Heating− 17 kW Cooling
Provides allheating andcooling
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Slide 50© Geothermal International
Mansfield Hospital – Pond Loops (Skanska PFI)Largest Geothermal Development in UK
140 Slim Jim™ Pond Loops
65,000m 2 Lake
42 Heat Exchangers
Geothermal Size:− 5 MW Heating−
5.4 MW CoolingSaves 1,700T of CO2 emissions annually
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Slide 51
Benefits of using EnergyPiles ® / Energy Walls®Piles have dual functionality – structural and as energysource
One of the cheapest sources of ground energy
Relatively low extra over cost to use the piles (dependson technique)
Minimal impact on piling program
Provides a Stable & Sustainable renewable energy− Advantage for BREEAM / LEED buildings− Reduces CO 2 emissions to the atmosphere.
Cementation piles have saved nearly 4,000T ofthese emissions
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Slide 522 June 2009 TrinityHaus colloquium
Our Energy PilesOur Energy Piles® / Energy Walls® save >3800 tonnes COsave >3800 tonnes CO 22 every year every year Energy Pil es® Installed an d CO2 Saved per year
440
929 909
130 49
37093805
3257
1248
467
930
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
N u m
b e r o f p i l e s
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
C O
2 t o n n e s
/ y e a r S a v e d
Cumulative no. piles ins talled 150 590 1519 2428 2558 2607
Piles installed per year 150 440 929 909 130 49
Total carbon sav ings (T/yr) 93 467 1248 3257 3709 3805
pre 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
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Slide 53
And finally …… use GSHP Energy andEnergy Piles ® before it is to late!
Thanks for listening!
Any questions?