Energy Resources

Introduction

Understanding energy resources involves considering all types of energy source from various scientific and technological standpoints, with a focus on the uses, limitations and consequences of using energy that is available to humanity. This unit sets the scene by considering how much energy human society uses and the basic concepts of energy, work, power and efficiency, then briefly investigates the different types of energy available, their sources and renewability.

Classification of energy resources

Commercial fuel & non commercial fuel Primary & secondary resources Conventional and non conventional resources Renewable and non renewable resources

Indian Scenario

Power Generation

Major portion of power in India is generated by hydro-electric and thermal power plants in ratio 1:3.

In India approx. total installed capacity is about 101.74 million KW. This is made up of 27.01 million KW hydro power, 77.33 million KW thermal power and 3.36 million KW nuclear power.

Wind Energy

Wind energy

Wind , which is essentially air in motion has kinetic energy by virtue the movement of large masses of air.

At any given time the amount of energy contained in the wind is proportional to the wind speed.

This energy can be utilized for performing mechanical and electrical works.

Types of wind mills

Multi blade type wind mill

Sail type wind mill

Propeller type wind mill

Savionius type wind mill

Darrieus type wind mill

Advantages

Non polluting and environment friendly Generation period is low Cheaper Easily available in many offshore, onshore and

remote areas

Limitations

Low energy density Located only in vast open areas Continuous whirling and whistling can be

irritating Economical only on a small scale

Solar energy

Solar energy

Energy comes to the earth from the sun. This energy keeps the temperature of the earth above that in colder space. Causes current in the atmosphere and in ocean and generate photosynthesis in plants.

Solar energy can be a major source of power. Its potential is 179 billion MW which is about 20000 times the worlds demand.

India's largest photovoltaic (pv) power plants

Applications

Solar water heating Solar distillation Solar cookers Solar furnaces Solar photovoltaic cell Solar green houses

Advantages

Easy installation and maintenance Absence of noise and other form of pollution Long life of SPV systems make them favorable

for use in remote and isolated areas.

Limitations

Uncertainty of availability of solar energy due to clouds, wind or rainfall.

Large spaces are required for the collection of solar energy at a useful rate.

Hydro Power

Hydro Power

Hydel energy is the cheapest and clean source of energy.

An hydro electric power plant harnesses power from water flowing under pressure.

Electric generators driven by water turbines represent the use of hydel energy as electricity.

Advantages

Longer life Minimum operating staff Saves scarce fuel reserves Non polluting and hence environment friendly

Geo thermal energy

Geo thermal Energy

Geo thermal energy is the energy which lies embedded within the earths crust.

There is an increase in temperature of the earth with increase in depth below the surface

Advantages

Most versatile Least polluting source Inexpensive High power generation than solar and wind

Limitations

Overall efficiency for power production is quite low(15%) as compared to fossil fuels(35-40%)

Drilling operations at sites cause noise pollution

Air pollution results in case of release of gases present in the steam and hot water coming out of the geothermal resource.

Tidal energy

Tidal energy

Tide are formed due to the gravitational effect of the sun and moon on earth. The gravitational force causes periodic rise and fall of the water level of the sea.

This periodic rise and fall called a tide can be used to produce electric power

Tidal power has great potential in areas like the Gulf of Kutch in Gujarat where the height of the tide is sufficient for construction and economical functioning of tidal power plants.

Biomass Energy

Biomass energy

Biomass, defined as living matter or its residues. It includes all the new plant growth, residues, algae, agriculture and forest residues, organic effluents from industries.

Biomass resources fall into three categories: Biomass in its traditional solid mass Biomass in nontraditional form To ferment the biomass anaerobically to obtain a

gaseous fuel called biogas.

Sources of biogas

Sewage Crop residue Vegetable residue Algae Ocean keep Cattle waste

Advantages

Potential for rural areas It can be used for cooking purpose For operating small engines For lighting

Problems due to overuse of energy resources

Extinction of resources Excessive mining of minerals and associated

problems Pollution Economical effect Need for development of new technology for

the use of alternative fuels

Presentation By:F.Y. MECH-2 STUDENTS :NAME ID NO.

YASH PARIKH 094

DEEPAK SOOD 095

MOHSIN PATHAN 097

MAULIN SHAH 098

VIRAJ PATEL 100

KARAN PAREKH 103

YASH AGARWAL 104