energy review... duh!!powerpoint ppt presentation
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Energy Review... DUH!!TRANSCRIPT
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Energy Review... DUH!!<3333HART.
AP BioChapters 8, 9, and 10
Taught by Steven Daniel Feiler<3AND Asella is EVIL. D;<
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Match... MS. BABBEY IS EVIL TOO.
• A. Uses oxygen 1. Glycolysis• B. Make oxygen 2. Kreb’s Cycle• C. Uses CO2 3. ETS / ETC• 4. Makes CO2 4. Light Rxn• 5. Uses glucose 5. Calvin Cycle• 6. Makes glucose
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What is an anabolic reaction? Give an example. (and lies)
• Builds molecules using energy• Synthesis of proteins from amino acids• Photosynthesis
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What is an catabolic reaction? Give an example.
• Breaking down molecules, releasing energy• Cellular respiration, breaking down glucose
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What is an endergonic reaction? Give an example.
• A reaction that requires an input of energy• Making ATP from ADP + P• Photosynthesis
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What is an exergonic reaction? Give an example.
• A reaction that releases energy• Cellular Respiration• Breaking down ATP into ADP + P
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What is energy coupling?
• Using energy from exergonic reactions to power endergonic reactions
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What is ATP?
• Energy• Adenosine Tri Phosphate• Energy is stored in the electrons in the bond
between the last P
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What is phosphorylation? Which enzyme phosphorylates?
• Adding a P to a molecule• Kinase
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What is an enzyme? What does it do?
• A protein• A catalyst• Decrease activation energy• Makes a reaction go faster
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What is a substrate?
• Something an enzyme works on
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What is an active site?
• Where an enzyme and substrate bind• Where the reaction occurs
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What is denaturation?
• Changing the shape of an enzyme which changes its function
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What are activators? Define, list, and describe
• Non-proteins enzyme helpers• Coenzymes are organic: vitamins• Cofactors are inorganic: metal atoms like zinc,
iron, copper
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What is inhibition? Define, list, describe
• Chemicals that prevent enzyme activity• Competitive: binds to the active site• Non-competitive: binds somewhere else and
changes the shape
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What is oxidation?
• Loss of an electron
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What is reduction?
• Gain of electrons
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What’s the equation for cell resp? Ender or exer? Anabolic or catabolic?• 6O2 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy• Exergonic• Catabolic
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Where does the oxygen go after cell resp?
• Into water
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Why is oxygen needed in cell resp?
• To act as the final electron acceptor of the ETS
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What happens to the carbon from glucose after cell resp?
• Goes to CO2 and is breathed out
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Where does glycolysis occur?
• cytoplasm
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What happens in glycolysis?
• Glucose is split into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid
• 2 NADH are made• 2 ATP are made
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Where does Kreb’s occur?
• Mitochondrial matrix
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What are NADs and FADs?
• Coenzymes that carry electrons to the ETC
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Where does the ETC occur?
• In the cristae
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What happens to the electrons in the ETC?
• Travel down proteins in the membrane• Finally accepted by oxygen
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What happens to the hydrogen ions in the ETC?
• Build up on one side of the membrane• Go down their concentration gradient through
ATP synthase• Provide energy to make ATP
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What are the end products of the ETC?
• 34 ATP• Water
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What’s the equation for photosynthesis? Anabolic or
Catabolic? Endergonic or exergonic?• 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy C6H12O6 + 6O2• Anabolic• Endergonic
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What are stomata?
• Openings in leaves that let carbon dioxide in and oxgyen out
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Where do light dependent reactions occur?
• In thylakoid membranes
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What goes into light reactions? What comes out?
• In: water• Out: oxgyen, ATP, NADPH
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Where does the Calvin Cycle occur?
• Stroma• Fluid in the chloroplast
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What goes into the dark reactions? What comes out?
• In: Carbon dioxide, ATP, NADPH• Out: G3P, ADP, NADP
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What is rubisco, what does it do?
• The most abundant enzyme on earth• Fixes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
onto RuBP in the Calvin Cycle
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What are C3 plants? Name some.
• Regular plants that do normal photosynthesis• Rice, wheat, most plants
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What are C4 plants? Name some.
• Plants that are adapted to hot, dry climates and physically separate where the Calvin Cycle takes place
• Corn, sugarcane
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What are CAM plants? List some.
• Plants that only open stomata at night and do the Calvin Cycle during the day with saved up CO2
• Cactus, jade, pineapples
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If a reaction requires energy, what kind is it?
• Endergonic
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Do plants have mitochondria?
• Yes, and they make ATP
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What is the main way ATP is made during cell resp?
• By pumping protons (hydrogen ions) down their concentration gradients through ATP Synthase to make ATP
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Which types of plants do carbon fixation the best?
• C3• C4 and CAM do NOT, and require special ways
of doing photosynthesis
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In the beginning of time, how did single celled prokaryotes get ATP?
• Glycolysis only
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If stomata close, what happens to the plant?
• They can’t get CO2
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Do prokaryotic cells have chloroplasts?
• No• But they can still do photosynthesis because
they have chlorophyll stored in thylakoids
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What happens if ATP goes through hydrolysis?
• Energy is released and can be used in reactions
• ADP is made
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During what process is oxygen released?
• Light reactions of photosynthesis
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During which reactions is carbon dioxide released?
• Kreb’s
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Where is carbon dioxide used?
• Calvin (dark) Rxn
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When does chemiosmosis occur?
• In the ETC of cell resp...and...• In the ETC of photosynthesis
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When is glucose oxidized to pyruvic acid?
• glycolysis
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What are the end products of the light reactions of photosynthesis?
• Oxygen• ATP• NADPH
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Which enzyme fixes carbon?
• Rubisco• RuBP carboxylase
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Where does all energy come from?
• The sun
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How is water used in photosynthesis?
• It’s split so the electrons can travel through the photosystems and connect with NADP+
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If 1 mL of oxygen is consumed by peas in 20 minutes, what is the respiration
rate?• 1 mL / 20 minutes• 0.05 mL/min
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What effect does temperature have on pea respiration?
• Peas respire faster at room temperature than at cold temperatures
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What are 3 environmental factors that affect enzyme activity?
• Temperature• pH• Salinity
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What is activation energy?
• The energy that must be overcome for a reaction to proceed
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What happens in the transition step between glycolysis and Kreb’s?
• Pyruvic acid turns into Acetyl CoA• Acetyl CoA goes into Kreb’s• 2 NADH are made
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Where do the electrons go during cell respiration?
• Food • NADH • ETC • Oxygen
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Where do the electrons go in photosynthesis?
• Water • NADPH • Calvin Cycle
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What is the most abundant enzyme on Earth?
• Rubisco
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Your FRQ
• Review Lab 2 (Enzymes)• Know how to make a graph• Steven is the most amazing person in ALL the
world. And is going to beast this test like it’s nothing. And Ms. Babbey is evil just like Asella, and lies. She is a witch, and should be burned.