Energy RolesProducers: Take in carbon from the air and through photosynthesis make sugar for its food and release oxygen into the air.Use the sun’s energy to make their own food through photosynthesisAre the source of all food in an ecosystem

Consumers: Consumers are organisms that obtain energy by eating another organism.There are 3 main types - 1. Herbivore: eats only plants2. Carnivore: eats only animals

Scavenger: eats the bodies of dead animals3. Omnivore: eats both plants and animals

Decomposers: breaks down living and dead organisms ex: mushroom, bacteria, and mold

Energy enters the ecosystem from the sunlight where organisms known as producers convert it into food.

Chapter 2 Study Guide

Energy Pyramid

ProducerAlways starts the food web

Ex: plants

1st level consumerHerbivoresEx: mouse

2nd level consumerCarnivores or omnivores

Ex: snake

3rd level consumercarnivoresex: hawk

10% of the energy transfers to the 1st level consumer

10% of the energy transfers to the 2nd level consumer

10% of the energy transfers to the 3rd level consumer

The amount of energy available decreases as you move up the pyramid. This means there are fewer animals at the top of the pyramid.

• A FOOD CHAIN is a series of events in which one organism eats another to obtain energy.

• A FOOD WEB consists of many overlapping food chains.

. Water Cycle

Evaporation: water molecules absorb heat from the sun and change to a gas.

Precipitation: droplets get heavy and drop to the earth as rain, snow, sleet or hail.

lakelake

Condensation: Gas cools and turns back into liquid.Condensation: Gas cools and turns back into liquid.

Producers take in carbon from the air and make C6H12O6 (sugar) for their own food through photosynthesis

Producers release oxygen into the air through photosynthesis.

Biome

Matter in an ecosystem is recycled because the supply is limited while need for it is not.

SunSun

6CO2

Carbon dioxide

6CO2

Carbon dioxide

6H2Owater6H2Owater

photosynthesis

6O2

oxygen

6O2

oxygen

C6H12o6C6H12o6

Nitrogen Cycle: Free nitrogen is in the airPlants fix the nitrogen through root nodules which are bumps on the roots that store the fixed nitrogen. Consumers eat the plantsConsumers dies Decomposers release the nitrogen back into the air as free nitrogen.

Biomes

A biome is a group of ecosystems with similar climates and organisms.A Biome is determined by climate (temperature and amount of precipitation) because it limits the distribution of plant life.Climate: the typical weather pattern

There are 6 major types of land biomes

1. Desert2. Rainforest

-Temperate-Tropical

3. Grassland4. Deciduous5. Boreal forest6. Tundra/mountain and ice