Energy Savings with EnergyEdge

Brandi McManus, Energy Services Manager – MR&D

Energy Indicators

• Simple – from statistics– Benchmarks– Indices

• Corrected – for special energy uses – Site Survey

• Customized – close look at facility– Manual Calculations– Modeling

Benchmark vs. Indices

Benchmark – A standard by which something can be measured or

judged

Indices – a quantity whose variation over a period of time measures the

change in some phenomenon.

Benchmarks/Indices

• Historical• Comparative• Process vs Facility• Facility vs Portfolio• Performance Based• Practice Based

Meaningful Metrics are Key

Benchmarks can be used to…

• Compare Facilities

• Set Goals

• Communicate to customers

Benchmarks and Indices

• Simple goal: Is there an energy opportunity?

• Things to ALWAYS remember– Baseline – What happened that year?– Weather – Hotter or cooler?– Data – How complete and reliable?

A Comparison

• Sample: Office Building using € 120 000 per year and 9 290 m2

• Other buildings in Area– Building A: office € 210 000 18 580 m2

– Building B: office € 60 000 3 716 m2

– Building C: hospital € 560 000 13 935 m2

– Building D: office € 90 000 9 290 m2

Which buildings do you compare to?

Some Types of Benchmarks and Indices

• Energy Cost Index (ECI) – Cost/Area• Energy Utilization Index (EUI)-

BTU’s/area• Electric Consumption – kWh/Area• Load Factor – Average

Demand/Peak Demand• Energy Intensity – BTU’s/use

Energy Cost Index (ECI) and Energy Utilization Index (EUI)

• Low ECI and Low EUI - The building is energy efficient and has normal utility rates

• Low ECI and High EUI - The building is energy inefficient and has low utility rates

• High ECI and Low EUI - The building is energy efficient and has high utility rates

• High ECI and High EUI - The building is energy inefficient and has normal utility rates

Sample Building 12,92 €/m2 734 553 BTUs/m2 Building A: office 11,3 €/m2 642 734 BTUs/m2 Building B: office 16,15 €/m2 918 192 BTUs/m2

Building C: hospital 40,19 €/m2 2 203 660 BTUs/m2

Building D: office 9,69 €/m2 550 915 BTUs/m2

Electric Consumption

Electric Consumption – kWh/Area

Sample Building 215 kWh/m2

Building A: office 188 kWh/m2

Building B: office 269 kWh/m2

Building C: hospital 646 kWh/m2

Building D: office 161 kWh/m2

Load Factor

Load Factor = kWh / (time X kW)

High – Used during unoccupied periods

Example:Annual Consumption: 2 000 000 kWhAnnual Demand: 700 kW

Load Factor:

 

Energy Intensity

• Energy Intensity: The ratio of energy consumption to a measure of the demand for services – Segment– Number of buildings– Total floor space– Floor space-hours– Number of employees

The more factors you incorporate…the more confidence in results

Energy Intensity by Building Type

Number of Buildings

(thousand) Square Meters Total Consumptionper square

meter (kWh)

Principal Building Activity

Education ........................................ 327 803677900 190,155,289 237

Health Care ..................................... 127 271082200 150,893,642 557

Inpatient ........................................ 11 173258500 125,109,874 722

Outpatient ..................................... 116 97823700 25,783,768 264

Office .............................................. 739 1118887600 319,074,128 285Religious Worship .......................... 307 316324500 32,229,710 102

All Buildings

Why Energy Intensity?

• Data available• Trusted sources• Credible• International

Practice Problem: A Comparison• Sample: Office Building using € 120 000per year and

9 290 m2

• Other buildings in Area– Building A: office € 210 000 18 580 m2

– Building B: office € 60 000 3 716 m2

– Building C: hospital € 560 000 13 935 m2

– Building D: office € 90 000 9 290 m2

Sample A B C D

Consumption (kWh)

2 000 000

3 500 000

1 000 000

9 000 000

1 500 000

Cost (€) 120 000 210 000 60 000 560 000 90 000

Area (m2) 9 290 18 580 3 716 13 935 9 290

Problem: Continued

Sample A B C D

BTU’s/ m2 734 553 642 734 918 192 2 203 660 550 915

€/ m2 12,92 11,30 16,15 40,19 9,69

kWh/ m2 215 188 269 646 161

Sample A B C D

Energy Intensity (kWh/ m2)

285 285 285 556 285

Target Energy Use 2 647 650

5 295 300 1 059 060

7 747 860

2 647 650

Possible Savings (kWh)

-647 650 -1 795 300

-59 060 1 252 140

-1 147 650

Summary

• Types of Energy Efficiency Indicators– Energy Cost Index (ECI) – Cost/Area– Energy Utilization Index (EUI)-

BTU’s/area– Electric Consumption – kWh/Area– Load Factor – Average Demand/Peak

Demand– Energy Intensity

Key Points

• Know what you are comparing

• Know where your indices is coming from

• Use trusted data

• Use more than one index or benchmark if possible

• For Energy Intensity, use more than one factor

Now you can

• Define energy benchmark and indices

• List major types of energy efficiency indicators

• Compare a facility to a benchmark to determine if using more or less energy than benchmark

• Define Energy Intensity and why it is used

For more information

• EUI and ECU – www.energy.gov

• Load Factor - http://www.nbpower.com/en/customers/business/energy/load/load.aspx

• Energy Intensity –– http://www.iea.org/– http://www.carbontrust.co.uk/– http://www.sei.ie/energymap/index.asp?locID=

795&docID=-1