energy self-sufficiency with renewable energies ... systems... · advanced system technology ast...
TRANSCRIPT
-
A d vA n c e d s y s t e m t e c h n o l o g y A s t
smart grids:innovation study Pellworm Background
Already today, the North Sea Island
Pellworm stands for a potential energy mix
of the future. While the local decentralized
systems generate more than 22 million
kWh of electricity a year, the bare 1200
islanders use only 7 million kWh. The popu-
lation on the North Sea Island is committed
to renewable energy for decades: As early
as 1983 the hybrid power plant was built
in Pellworm, at that time it was the largest
of its kind in Europe. Despite the large
number of decentralised energy producers,
the power link to the mainland continues
to be essential, on the one hand, for
balancing the local surpluses, on the other,
for importing energy from the mainland in
certain time periods if needed.
the innovation study
Identifying the implementation potential of
Smart Grids on the island of Pellworm was
the main objective of the innovation study.
Therefore not only the technical conditions
(power requirements and generation,
constraints, options for energy storage)
were analyzed, but also the acceptance of
the citizens and technological components
available on the market were scrutinized.
The results showed that a combination of
central energy storage and a more flexible
load management could reduce the energy
procurement from the mainland up to
90 percent. The innovation study was
conducted by a cooperation between the
E.ON Hanse AG, the Schleswig-Holstein
Netz AG, the Westcoast University of
Applied Sciences, Germany, the centre of
excellence for wind energy (CEwind) and
the Fraunhofer AST. The Innovationsstiftung
Schleswig-Holstein supported this study.
Advanced system technology
Am Vogelherd 50
98693 Ilmenau, Germany
Person to contact:
Dr Peter Bretschneider
Phone +49 3677 461-102
Dipl.-Ing. Steffen Nicolai
Phone +49 3677 461-112
www.iosb-ast.fraunhofer.de
1 Hybrid power plant Pellworm
1
-
1 2
Results
With an installed capacity of around 9 MW, Pellworm produces almost three times of electricity per year, which is required by the local consumers in the same period of time.
The high proportion of electric heatings, which corresponds to approximately 10 percent of the annual power consump-tion, is appropriate for usage as flexible load (DSM, Demand side management).
More than 75 percent of the population showed open-mindedness towards the idea of renewable energy and the expansion of the electricity grid.
The development of the infrastructure (information and communication technologies used in homes, automation technology for more than 50 local network stations) is mandatory for the implementation of a Smart Grid.
Due to the implementation of a Smart Grid, the network structure in Pellworm and the upstream electricity grids may be relieved.
Recommendations
As part of a first step, the establishment of a Core-Smart-Grid is recommen-ded, which comprises the information and communication technology, an energy storage device with moderate size, the hybrid power plant and the integration of electric storage heaters for a load management.
The specification and implementation of the Core-Smart-Grid should be perfor-med in close consultation with system and component suppliers, because information about standardization, engineering standards and practical experiences are limited for a real Smart Grid.
The gradual implementation increases the investment security, as gained experiences and future developments (e.g. standardizations) are taken into consideration.
Subsequently the Core-Smart-Grid may be extended to a Full-Smart-Grid by implementing further controllable energy generators, storage systems and loads.
Pellworm provides a suitable platform for responding key issues in the future energy supply with its structure of elec-tricity generation and the information obtained in the study.
Project funding and support
Project partners and initiators
2 Flow chart showing the implemen-
tation of a Full-Smart-Grid in Pell-
worm2
Energy engineering_Research-Platform-Smart-Grids.pdf
-
a d va n c e d s y s t e m t e c h n o l o g y a s t
ReseaRch platfoRmsmaRt gRids
the challenge
In consequence of the increasing share
of fluctuating power supply from wind or
solar power, distribution system operators
have to handle major challenges. Already
today regional power shortages appear
in certain regions of Germany. In order to
ensure the security of the energy supply,
including a further increase in the share of
renewable energy sources, smart grids have
the potential to achieve these ambitious
requirements. In such a grid, previously
individual components such as generation
units, consumers and (in the future) energy
storages, are linked by a digital SCADA
system, which enables an optimal holistic
interaction. With the Research Platform
Smart Grids, the Fraunhofer AST is able
to perform versatile investigations on such
a smart energy grid. Thereby different
scenarios like active demand control using
energy storages, the autonomous isolated
operation mode, but also the impact of
electromobility on the distribution grids can
be investigated.
advanced system technology
Am Vogelherd 50
98693 Ilmenau, Germany
Person to contact:
Dr Peter Bretschneider
Phone +49 3677 461-102
Dipl.-Ing. Steffen Nicolai
Phone +49 3677 461-112
www.iosb-ast.fraunhofer.de
1
1 Electric car
2 Weather data station
3 Vanadium redox battery
4 Solar tracker
2 3 4
-
1 2
Research
The Research Platform Smart Grids provi-
des the infrastructure to a number of R&D
projects in reference to smart energy sys-
tems. It consists of the ICT-Energy-Lab and
the energy park constructed in 2009. Both
are the core for the future development
of IT solutions for transmission and distri-
bution grid operators, in particular energy
management systems as well as forecasting
and optimization tools. Numerous research
projects, such as eTelligence, RESIDENS
or the Fraunhofer System Research for
Electromobility FSEM, using the Research
platform Smart Grids. It consists on
several distributed energy generation units.
These include a vertical-axis wind turbine
(20 kW) as well as solar trackers and fixed
photovoltaic systems (18 kWp). In addition,
the research platform has two different
energy storage systems. A vanadium redox
battery with a
Features
Vertical-axis wind turbine: 20 kW Solar trackers: 10 kWp Photovoltaic systems: 8 kWp Heat pump: 10 kWth Vanadium redox battery: 100 kWh
storage capacity
Two flywheel energy storages with 10 resp. 15 kW power output
Two electric cars (8.2 kWh storage capacity)
Flexible, programmable AC load Fully digital control system Weather data station Flexible consumers: washing machine,
dishwasher, upright freezer, dryer
Selective: grid-connected operation mode and isolated operation mode
Control access link to the ICT-Energy-Lab
capacity of 100 kWh (medium term) and
two short term flywheel energy storages
along with 25 kW power output. The Re-
search Platform Smart Grids is completed
by two electric cars, smart white goods
and a heat pump with 10 kW thermal po-
wer. Concerning to the control devices, all
components are linked with the ICT-Energy-
Lab IT-network, which provides several
tools of automatic data acquisition. In order
that, future energy market requirements
and processes such as energy prediction
and energy optimization, accounting grid
management, virtual power plants,
smart metering and demand side
management can be investigated. Further-
more, phasor measurement units (PMUs)
are used to observe the grid status, which
allows the scientists to reach conclusions
about the load flows within the distribution
grid.
1 Core of the Research Platform
Smart Grids is a vanadium redox
battery with 100 kWh storage ca-
pacity
2 Depending on the energy ge-
neration, current consumer can be
connected or disconnected
3 Generation units, consumers
and energy storages are intercon-
nected by a full digital control
system
1
2 3
Energy engineering_Smart_Region_Pellworm.pdf
-
A D VA N C E D S Y S T E M T E C H N O L O G Y A S T
INTELLIGENT DISTRIBUTION GRID & ENERGY STORAGE: SMART REGION PELLWORM
Initial Position
The policy objectives of the energy transition
in Germany are very ambitious: thus, 80 per-
cent of the electricity power needs by 2050
should come from renewable energy sour-
ces. The North Sea island Pellworm already
reached this value and is therefore a suitable
place as a pilot region for a power system
with energy storages and an extremely high
proportion of distributed power generation
from biomass, photovoltaics and wind.
All these components need a sophisticated
control and management system connec-
ting distributed generation, energy storages
and a flexible demand. In addition, cross-
disciplinary topics such as heat generation
can continue to play an important role.
Goals
The aim of the project Smart Region
Pellworm includes as a central element
the building up and operation of such a
smart grid. Hybrid storage is used to map
the different fields of applicationof storage
systems. In addition to two stationary
storage facilities with different technologies
(li-ion battery and redox-fl ow battery) there
are also unidirectional storage systems, e.g.
electric storage stoves, heat pumps, and the
biogas plant on the island.
Within the framework of this project com-
prehensive analysis of present and future
business models of hybrid storage systems
are performed for market, grid and local
supply.
The experience gained during realization
and operation should feed into the analysis
of transferability of the Pellworm approach
to other distribution grids and the investiga-
tion of business models.
1 hybrid power plant Pellworm
Advanced System Technology AST
Am Vogelherd 50
98693 Ilmenau, Germany
Department Energy:
Dipl.-Ing. Steffen Nicolai
Phone +49 3677 461-112
www.iosb-ast.fraunhofer.de
1
-
Realization
The task of Fraunhofer IOSB Advanced Sys-
tem Technology (AST) includes the question
of the optimal operational management of
hybrid storage systems for various use cases.
Therefore an extensive analysis of measure-
ment data of the energy system is being
conducted, and all relevant electric and
thermic components are being modelled
and integrated in optimization models of
the particular operational management
strategies.
Based on examined business models all
objective functions of the operational ma-
nagement will be created. Thereby, both
financial and technical restrictions of the
energy system must be regarded, including
data of customers and feed-in, current grid
condition and also exogenous influencing,
such as meteorological data and special
conditions, such as feed-in management. A
special challenge is the combination of dif-
ferent, partly opposing objective functions
for operational management. Mapping of
various chronological levels of operational
management is possible because of a multi-
stage optimization approach.
The core of the operational management
solution is the energy management system
EMS-EDM PROPHET. Here the imple-
mentation of the operational management
strategies in the form of optimization
models takes place. During the startup
phase the basic functions of the operational
management solution are tested. These
functions build the basis for the complex
operational management strategies in the
demonstration phase.
Evaluation
Evaluation of relevant parameters of the
energy system, with and without being
actively influenced by the operational ma-
nagement strategies, provides an essential
statement of functionality of the operational
management strategy. Through different
scenarios the operational management was
evaluated using quality factors. The presen-
tation of all proportionate influences of the
requirements of the business models and
the speci fi cations of the grid management
attracts special attention during the analysis.
Another main focus of the analysis will be
the detailed view on the behavior of the
complete system in special situations.
Project Partner
E.ON Hanse AG (consortium manager)
Gustav Klein GmbH Fraunhofer Institut AST und UMSICHT Fachhochschule Westkste RWTH Aachen IFHT Saft Batterien GmbH Schleswig-Holstein Netz AG
2
2 integrated energy
management system in real
market framework
Energy management_Fraunhofer-System-Research-for-Electromobility.pdf
-
A D VA N C E D S Y S T E M T E C H N O L O G Y A S T
SYSTEM RESEARCH E-MOBILITY:
GRID INTEGRATION AND
ENERGY BUSINESS PROSPECTS The challenge
Whether currently electric distribution
grids are designed for a simultaneous
consumption by electricity consumers and
the additional E-Mobility, particularly within
cities and towns, is not yet adequately
researched. The performance of these dis-
tribution grids could be exceeding through
parallel charging processes of such electric
vehicles (e.g. closing time). Consequently,
network operators of these regions have
to choose between a network expansion
of the distribution grid or a smart charging
management. Using such a controllable,
load-dependent charging process, an
additional sharing of information between
the market actors (grid operator, trader,
charging station operator) could be
necessary.
Within Fraunhofer System Research for
Electromobility FSEM, the Fraunhofer AST
investigates the requirements of the grid
integration of E-Mobility, identifies the
involved market players and researches the
relevant power economy aspects regarding
to communication processes. Under the
perspective of cost-effectiveness, possible
value-added services of the vehicle energy
storage, considering the infrastructure
requirements (battery-charging station,
billing, distribution grid expansion), are
evaluated.
Advanced System Technology
Am Vogelherd 50
98693 Ilmenau, Germany
Person to contact:
Dr.-Ing. Peter Bretschneider
Phone +49 3677 461-102
Dipl.-Wirtsch.-Inf. Oliver Warweg
Phone +49 3677 416-111
www.iosb-ast.fraunhofer.de
founded by:
-
1 2
Research
Grid integration of E-MobilityIn the first step, a wide-range requirements
review of E-Mobility regarding to the
public power supply is made. Based on a
model-based grid simulation, smart control
concepts of the system management are
designed. The electrical storage potentials
of the vehicle battery (peak load balancing)
are also taking into account.
Power economics and regulatory perspectives
Based on current energy directives and the
result of the requirements review, concepts
of different charging and discharging
processes are arranged (see also figure
1). Thereby, the main market players are
identified, which are connected with an
optimal grid operational management (e.g.
avoiding an expensive grid expansion).
Further analysis are dealing with the requi-
red technologies such as smart metering or
energy demand management.
Individual traffic with electricityIn the co-operative project Fraunhofer
System Research for Electromobility FSEM,
over 30 Fraunhofer institues develops alter-
native transportation systems. The aim are
prototypes for hybrid and electric vehicles
and supporting the German automotive
industry in the new field of E-Mobility.
The German Federal Ministry of Education
and Research supports the project with a
amount of 44 million from the German
stimulus packages I and II.
Business modelsIn a third step and in collaboration with
Fraunhofer ISI and Fraunhofer UMSICHT,
a reference model for the evaluation of
business models and several E-Mobility
scenarios is developed. This model
considers the acquisition costs, services,
charging stations, infrastructure and
payback periods amongst others, which is
the basis to generate innovative business
models relating to the grid operators and
considering the expected market grew of
E-Mobility.
1 Possible ICT connection, roles
and responsibilities
Energy management_RESIDENS.pdf
-
A d vA n c e d S y S t e m t e c h n o l o g y A S t
RESIDENS: SmaRt-mEtERINg IN pRactISE the challenge
Electronic meters - also known as
smart meters - are considered as
technically appropriate devices to disclose
large-scale energy efficiency potentials
for individual households. Whereas as
today, the consumer has little knowledge
of energy consumption, smart metering
provides the end user with much more
accurate information about her own energy
consumption, enabling a more deliberate
use of energy. Furthermore, with smart
metering, flexible tariffs, such as load-
dependent tariffs can be established on a
monthly or quarterly basis. The potential
impact on energy producers, energy service
providers, energy grid operators and the
end customers in a final step, are subject
of the RESIDENS-Project (Research project
for more efficient energy usage by system
orientated integration of end consumers)
founded by the Thringer Ministerium fr
Bildung, Wissenschaft und Kultur.
Following an interdisciplinary approach
which takes into account of the grid per-
spective as a technical system, the energy
procurement and billing processes as well
as end users as electrical loads implying
individual attitudes and behaviors. The
core element of consumer communication
is an interactive web interface which
provides detailed information to the end
user, like the current tariff, the total energy
consumption and individual consumption
characteristics. Additionally, comparisons
with the previous day, month or even the
last year can also be obtained. Therefore,
up to 200 test persons are scheduled
which will be equipped with appropriate
metering technology and flexible tariffs in
the distribution grid of Stadtwerke Ilmenau
GmbH.
Advanced System technology
Am Vogelherd 50
98693 Ilmenau, Germany
Person to contact:
Dr Peter Bretschneider
Phone +49 3677 461-102
Dipl.-Wirtsch.-Inf. Oliver Warweg
Phone +49 3677 416-111
www.iosb-ast.fraunhofer.de
www.residens-projekt.de
-
1 2
objectives
Design and implementation of an IT ap-proach to involve smart metering in real energy distribution and data exchange processes
Optimal integration of smart metering data in the energy data management under consideration of energy manage-ment and energy trading
Optimization of the feedback system, involving all relevant players in the de-regulated electricity market, particulary energy suppliers and end users
Design and practical implementation of optimization models managing the energy demand considering fluctuating energy supply by end user and energy demand management to minimize balancing energy and excess quantity/shortage in quantity
Initiator and partners
Advanced System Technology AST Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Media
Technology IDMT
Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Institut fr Energiewirtschaftsrecht
Ilmenau University of Technology Stadtwerke Ilmenau GmbH
Development and testing of an opera-tional management affecting the end user motivation, considering the energy market
Design and implementation of a control system concept recombining a simultaneous integration of wind energy and the energy supply of the end user including the energy market
Analysis of reliability and bandwidth requirements using smart metering to afford end-user-orientated balancing
energy minimization
Web interface of the smart meter client
Energy management_sMobiliTy.pdf
-
A D VA N C E D S Y S T E M T E C H N O L O G Y A S T
sMobiliTy: INTELLIGENT LOAD- AND CHARGING MANAGEMENT FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES
The Task
The general idea behind the project Smart
Mobility Thringen is the development of
a cloud-based system and service platform
for electric mobility.
The innovative ICT platform concept
connects existing systems with new
additional functionalities over a cloud.
Those systems consist of an energy efficient
navigation and an intelligent load and
energy management system.The new
applications will be demonstrated within
field tests sMobiliTy City Erfurt and
sMobiliTy Power Management.
The Target
The aim of the AST managed sub-project
iLLMAN, is the conception and
implementation of a software solution for
realizing various approaches of controlled
charging of electric vehicles by using the
sMobiliTy-Cloud functions.
Part of it will be the long wave radio
technology for the controlling of the charge
process. The solution investigates, whether
the technological approach is cost efficient
or not. The rudiments will be practically
proven in the field test and evaluated with
deterministic and probabilistic simulations.
This is the foundation of the analysis,
assessment and further development of
existing market concepts, methods of local
load and feeding forecast and techniques
to optimize the grid management and the
balancing group management.
Advanced System Technology AST
Am Vogelherd 50
98693 Ilmenau, Germany
Department Energy:
Dipl.-Wirtsch.-Inf. Oliver Warweg
Telefon +49 3677 461-111
Dipl.-Ing. Alexander Arnoldt
Telefon +49 3677 461-183
www.iosb-ast.fraunhofer.de
martSMobili yThringen1
-
Realization
Based on the current state of science and
technology three crucial novel approaches
are investigated:
The development of an interoperable, vendor independent and open-minded system and service platform as an ICT-infrastructure, for interconnection and optimal usage of all necessary technical systems for e-mobility
The usage of local traffic data to realize a driver-assistance by a journey-time and mileage optimized navigation system
The use of available and established long wave radio technologies for realization of charge control of electric vehicles, that is compliant to current legal regulations.
The determination of user acceptance and
grid critical factor in a field test
R&D Focus Areas
Local forecast for load and in feed Optimization model for the realization of
suitable charging strategies
Prototypical realization of load and charging management
Market-compliant field test Simulation of new local markets to
support the power supplies
Research of information redundancy for a cost-efficient infrastructure
Influence of the Cloud approach on energy economic processes
Elaboration of an operator concept for anti-discriminatory and accessible infrastructures
Project Partner
INNOMAN GmbH (consortium manager)
Bauhaus Universitt Weimar Advanced System Technology AST
Branch of the Fraunhofer IOSB
envia Mitteldeutsche Energie AG EPSa - Elektronik & Przisionsbau
Saalfeld GmbH
HKW Elektronik GmbH IMMS GmbH Landeshauptstadt Erfurt TAf mobile GmbH ACX GmbH
2
2 Management concept
with the different actors and
infrastructure and they interact
with each other over smart
mobility cloud.
1 Copyright: Ingo Daute/
Fraunhofer
Energy systems_ ICT-Energy-Lab.pdf
-
a d va n c e d s y s t e m t e c h n o l o g y a s t
ICT-EnErgy-lab:nExT-gEnEraTIon ElECTrICal EnErgy syTEms
Background
The European Energy Systems have deve-
loped over the last decades and have been
optimized upon technical and economical
boundary conditions.
For some time now, there has been
a dramatic change evoked by the
liberalization of the energy markets
and measures taken to allow cost-
effective, environmental friendly and
sustainable supply and use of energy.
Consequently, new business models
with extensive electronic and communi-
cation processes arise and therefore, an
increase in competition for economical,
effective and safety process control.
These new challenges should be
mastered and they demand suitable
strategies and tools. Therefore, ICT-
Technologies will play a vital role. For
example, management-systems for
optimal design and industrial manage-
ment as well as portfolio management
systems, virtual power plants with de-
centralized energy suppliers and smart
metering with demand-side-manage-
ment functions.
advanced system technology
Am Vogelherd 50
98693 Ilmenau, Germany
Person to contact:
Dr Peter Bretschneider
Phone +49 3677 461-102
Fax +49 3677 461-100
www.iosb-ast.fraunhofer.de
-
1 2
Key aspects
Innovative ICT-Technologies and concepts for control, monitoring and guidance of energy systems in deregula-ted energy markets
Technologies for a holistic energy management for electricity, gas, heating and cooling
Virtual power plants by coordinated industrial management of distributed inducers like wind power plants and solar power systems
Real time acquisition and management of large quantities of data for optimal integration of energy consumers and changing energy producers
Analysis and development of ICT-Technology for the Demand Side Management and for the stockmarket inclusion of private households
Home portal interfaces for accounting and visualization of the energy use
Digital process control and safeguard technology, particulary for decentralized energy systems
Test platform for industrial suppliers and training for electrical energy systems in special cases
For this purpose, the ICT-Energy-Lab
has modern IT-Systems, as those used
in municipal and regional energy supply
companys in the areas of measure-
ment, distribution, procurement and
networking. They provide functions like
automatic data entry, remote control
as well as prediction and optimization.
This enables the analysis of a wide
range of R&D-topics like virtual power
plants, isolated networks, demand-re-
sponse and demand-side-management,
which are the most important duties of
the ICT-Energy-Lab.
concept
The ICT-Energy-Lab for intelligent
energy systems is located at the Fraun-
hofer Application Center System
Technology AST and at the Ilmenau Uni-
versity of Technology department of
Electrical Engineering. The Fraunhofer
Institute UMSICHT (North Rhine-West-
phalia) with their self-developed device
DAVID (Data Acquisition and Visuali-
zation Device), the public utilities of
Erfurt and the solar village of Kett-
mannhausen provide the laboratory
with most of the data. The emphasis
of the Fraunhofer AST is on the
analysis of tasks related to the energy
business, mainly energy management,
energy data management and auto-
mated-metering.
Energy systems_ Smart-Grid-Ritten.pdf
-
a d va n c e d s y s t e m t e c h n o l o g y a s t
energy self-sufficiency with renewable energies: feasibility study ritten
challenge
Already today, distribution grids of regions
with a particularly high share of renewable
energy sources can work temporary at their
load limit. Especially the feed-in power
from a variety of distributed photovoltaic
systems without a smart management may
already carry distribution grid peak loads
and partial shutdowns. On the other hand,
a variety of distributed power generation
offers the opportunity to operate the entire
system as an offgrid system. Smart automa-
tion and control technologies in conjunc-
tion with power system mananagement,
power grid protection and remote control
technology can solve these two problems
together. Through parallel operation mode,
critical distribution grid conditions can be
cleared, on a black out, the power grid can
be operated in an isolated operation mode.
However, off-grids are complex systems
which require an exact analysis of power
supply, power consumption and power grid
infrastructure including secondary systems.
An example of these challenges is the
power distribution grid region Ritten near
Bolzano in South Tyrol with its appro-
ximately 2,500 inhabitants and a high
number of commercial and industrial
companies.
the feasibility study
By order of the Etschwerke Netz AG - the
largest regional power utility company in
South Tyrol, the Fraunhofer AST analyzed
together with SPRECHER Automation
Germany GmbH the option of an isolated
operation mode in a feasibility study. That
study include the possibility operating the
existing middle and low voltage power
grid with 20 local network stations in an
isolated operation in case of a power grid
black out.
advanced system technology
Am Vogelherd 50
98693 Ilmenau, Germany
department energy
Dr Peter Bretschneider
Phone +49 3677 461-102
Florian Mende, M.Sc.
Phone +49 3677 461-196
www.iosb-ast.fraunhofer.de
1
-
1
Fraunhofer AST: Scientific research
Modeling and simulation of the off-grid structure with PowerFactory
Analysis and report of energy data with EMS-EDM PROPHET
Power flow and short-circuit static current simulation
Stationary power studies Research on voltage band in medium
voltage power grids
Data processing and plausibility High-resolution power measurements Research on idle performance
sPRecheR aUtomatIon gmbh:
technical analysis
Remote control concept (including reconstruction after black out)
Creation of a control concept including photovoltaics
Creation of the power grid protection concept (power grid and grid equipment protection)
Creation of an automation concept Switch concept for power grid black
start
Approach to synchronization between mains parallel operation mode and isolated operation mode
Communication concept to control grid protection and grid stability in the isolated operation mode
Communication concept as backbone for isolated operation mode
Integration into the grid control center of Etschwerke Netz AG
Results
During the summer months and the transition period an isolated operation mode of the entire region is technically feasible
The pillar of the power grid stability and grid frequency in isolated operation mode are biomass-fired power plants as well as a stationary standby set
In combination with energy storages, photovoltaics can also contribute to the power grid stability
The realization of an off-grid-system with optional parallel mains operation mode is a lighthouse project for the grid integration of renewable energies in rural areas
In Ritten, numerous technologies of a smart grid can be practically tested and implemented
Project consortium
Advanced System Technology AST SPRECHER Automation Germany GmbH
customer
Etschwerke Netz AG, Azienda Energetica Reti S.p.A.
2
1 Example photovoltaic load curve
in the summer
Energy systems_Hybrid-Urban-Energy-Storage.pdf
-
A D VA N C E D S Y S T E M T E C H N O L O G Y A S T
HYBRID URBAN ENERGY STORAGE:REGIONAL GRID BALANCING WITH VIRTUAL ENERGY STORAGES
No single storage technology can solve
the problem
Indeed energy storages are regarded as key
technology for future system integration
of renewable energies. But the remain
high storage costs rather indicate a mix of
different energy storage technologies in the
future.
This mixture is much better suited for its
specific purpose (short-term-, long-term
storage, power drain, scalability) than one
single technology.
Along with the storage of electricity,
thermal storage units as well as ingenious
load- and generation management will be
necessary in order to face the fluctuating
character of renewable energies in the
future.
The virtual storage could help achieving
an efficient grid integration with these
decentralized components.
The virtual energy storage as the
solution for the distribution grid
In the Hybrid Urban Energy Storage
research project, the Fraunhofer AST is
working jointly with other Fraunhofer
Institutes on a combined hardware and
software platform, so energy storages,
energy generators and energy loads could
link to a virtual, adjustable storage unit.
With this approach, the advantages of
single components can be used optimally.
The objective is to develop a sustainable
and cost-efficient solution for the distributi-
on grid and thus to enable Grid-Balancing
already within regional structures.
Besides the single components, the concept
of virtual storage addresses a 24-hour
prognosis of energy generation and
consumption, to exploit the potentials of
the virtual storage in the optimal way.
Advanced System Technology
Am Vogelherd 50
98693 Ilmenau, Germany
Person to contact
Dipl.-Ing. Benjamin Fischer
Phone +49 3677 461-113
Department Energy
Dr Peter Bretschneider
Phone +49 3677 461-102
www.iosb-ast.fraunhofer.de
1
1 The hybrid city storage combines
the advantages of real energy sto-
rages, potentials of load shifting and
adjustable power- and heat generati-
on in one predictable unit.
-
1 2
Advantages
Combination of decentralized, real energy storage systems (e.g. redox-flow-battery, lithium ion accumulator), flexible energy generation (e.g. BTTH, emergency diesel generators for hospi-tals) and shiftable loads (e.g. heat pump, hot water generation) to an adjustable entirety for the grid operator
Hybrid concept: combination of heat- and power generation
Very good scalability of the overall system
Only one hybrid urban energy storage in every tenth local grid could provide ne-arly 6 GW of energy storage capacities in Germany
Project management
Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety and Energy Technology UMSICHT
Project partners
Fraunhofer IOSB, Advanced System Technology
Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE
Fraunhofer Institute for Silicon Techno-logy ISIT
2
2 Typical urban quarter. Source: Kai
Krner from Dresden Seevorstadt /
Groer Garten, CC BY 2.5
2
Energy systems_OROP-MCS.pdf
-
A D VA N C E D S Y S T E M T E C H N O L O G Y A S T
EVALUATION METHOD FORASYMMETRIC LOADS AND FEED-INS FOR THE USAGE IN GRID PLANNING
Monte-Carlo Simulation Approach with
OROP
Most loads and feed-ins can be connected
up to 4,6kVA/230V,20A single-phase depending
on technical connection conditions of the
distribution grid operators. According to
the current standards and process models
of the system operators, a connection is
acceptable only if the asymmetry (negative
sequence component to positive sequence
component) does not exceed 2% and if it is
guaranteed that the voltage stays between
90% and 110% of its nominal voltage at
the connection point.
It is common practice to evaluate the dis-
tribution grids capacity for loads (such as
electric vehicles, heat pumps, ACs, etc.) and
decentralized feed-ins (such as combined
heat and power, photovoltaic, etc.) through
symmetric load flow analisis. In low voltage
systems, the available grid capacity is often
misjudged by this simplification and reverse
capacities must be included. Insecurities
concerning the facilities grid connection
locations, as well as phase choice, compli-
cate the accurate evaluation of the grids
capacity.
OROP uses an asymmetric load flow analysis,
which allows for a more realistic modelling
of the grids actual state. Additionally, the
Monte-Carlo simulation uses a probabilistic
approach to compensate insecurities in grid
capacity analyses. It outputs a statistical
representation of the grids capacity at
justifiable computing time.
Advanced System Technology AST
Am Vogelherd 50
98693 Ilmenau
Contact Person:
Dr.-Ing. Michael Agsten
Phone +49 3677 461-1520
Dipl.-Ing. Daniel Beyer
Phone +49 3677 461-149
Dipl.-Ing. Sven Bohn
Phone +49 3677 461-196
1
-
1 2
Features
Underlaying GIS-based power system analysis and planning software
Automated Monte-Carlo simulation wit symmetrical and asymmetrical power flow analysis
Capacity estimation of distribution grids for symmetric and asymmetric loads and feed-ins
Fingerprinting of various grids and load situations
Fields of application
R&D platform for smart grid planning R&D platform for grid capacity analysis Capacity estimation for decentralized
facilities (PV, wind, combined heat and power plant and energy storages)
Analysis of the use of grid regulations (e.g. local load management, controlla-ble local grid transformers, U-Q-control,
etc.)
Perspective
Consideration of the U-Q-regulation for decentralized facilities
Consideration of cosPhi(P) regulation of decentralized facilities
Integration of controllable local grid transformers
Integration of phase and line selective control
Copy of process models for the grid expansion
2 modeling, configuration and analysis
GUI in OROP
2
Energy systems_OROP.pdf
-
ADVANCED SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AST BRANCH OF FRAUNHOFER IOSB
SMART SOFTWARE SOLUTION FOR DISTRIBUTION GRIDS AND SMART GRIDS: OPEN RESEARCH AND OPERATION PROTOTYPE (OROP)
Challenge
Most of the 1.78 million kilometers of power
lines in Germany are low voltage and medium
voltage. These lines, which form the traditional
distribution grid, are a crucial part of Germanys
energy transition (Energiewende). Most wind
and photovoltaic systems are connected to the
distribution grid; this amounts to far more than
a million devices. In addition, novel devices
such as e-mobility, grid operation, smart
metering, heat pumps, combined heat and
power, and demand-side-management are
implemented on the distribution grid. To still
fulfill the power systems requirements, new
planning methods, grid operation strategies,
and training solutions must be developed.
Solution
OROP (Open Research and Operation Pro-
totype) is a modern research platform. Its
functional model offers an innovative approach
to plan and operate distribution grids, aiming
to fulfill the power system operators needs.
All system components, from generators to
a range of Smart-Grid-specific loads, can be
modelled and analyzed in OROPs GIS-based
environment. OROP also features time series
simulations, which can check the validate
the operation strategy. OROPs applications
include research projects in e-mobility, as well
as local and public load dispatching, and EV
charging management.
Advanced System Technology AST
Branch of Fraunhofer IOSB
Am Vogelherd 50
98693 Ilmenau
Ansprechpartner
Dr.-Ing. Michael Agsten
Phone +49 3677 461-1520
Dipl.-Ing. Daniel Beyer
Phone +49 3677 461-149
Dipl.-Ing. Sven Bohn
Phone +49 3677 461-196
1
1 Screenshot OROP
-
1 2
Features
GIS-based design and analysis of distribution grids
Symmetric and asymmetric load flow calculation
Grid capacity analysis for symmetric and asymmetric loads and generation
Applications
R&D platform for smart grid applications R&D platform for GIS-based infrastruc-
ture analysis
Grid capacity analysis for decentralized generation (PV, wind, CHP, storages)
Analysis tools for grid operation methods (e.g. local load management, adjustable transformer station, U-Q-control)
Analysis of local and public load and charging methods
Monte Carlo simulation for variable supply tasks
Perspective
Integration module for EMS-EDM PROPHET
Statistical analysis of dynamic and static data
Support of CIM (common information model)
Integration of SCADA systems Parallelization of power flow calculations Training platform for distribution grid
operators
2 GUI OROP
2
Energy systems_SuperGrid.pdf
-
A D VA N C E D S Y S T E M T E C H N O L O G Y A S T
SuperGridTHE FUTURE POWER HIGHWAY
Challenge
With more than 80 GW wind power
capacity and nearly 30 GWp installed PV
capacity, Europe is the world leader deve-
loping renewable energies. The associated
power generation is highly volatile which is
also facing the conventional 380 KV power
transmission system. As a technology
extension, the development of a pan-
European overlay-power-grid based on
high-voltage direct current transmission
(HVDC) may distribute renewable energy
over large distances more efficient and
balancing power fluctuation. Such a grid
structure is also the source of the more
visionary ideas, such as the DESERTEC
concept which could supply North Africa
and Europe with renewable energy from
big concentrated solar power plants (CSP).
Fraunhofer Future Project SuperGrid
HVDC is particulary suited for a long
distance transport of large amounts of re-
newable energy. A single HVDC connection
can transfer up to 5000 MW - the output
of three up to five nuclear power plants.
Until now, only a few HVCD systems exist,
which a usually implemented as point-
to-point connection. In the Fraunhofer
Future Project SuperGrid, scientists from
the Fraunhofer AST researching on the
management and the grid protection of
meshed HVDC systems. Thereby, different
power plant technologies, such as solar
power (CSP), should be considered, which
are also the strategic focus within the
DESERTEC concept for a long-term power
supply based on renewable energies.
Advanced System Technology
Am Vogelherd 50
98693 Ilmenau, Germany
Person to contact:
Dr Peter Bretschneider
Phone +49 3677 461-102
www.iosb-ast.fraunhofer.de
1
1 Including salt as an energy storage,
CSP plants get broad more full load
hours as photovoltaics
Source: World Bank Photo Collection
(CC BY-NC-ND 2.0)
-
1 2
Technical implementation
Analysis of the European and North African transmission grid (ENTSO-E)
Research of the development potential based on meshed HVDC
Research of possible strategies for management, grid protection and power system stability
Prototype implementation of power grid protection and grid management
Design of simulation models of the transmission grids MENA and ENTSO-E
Analysis of interactions between HVAC and HVDC systems
Power grid management and grid protection of meshed HVDC systems
Prototype software moduls for future commercial use
Project management
Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE
Project partners
Advanced System Technology AST Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated
Systems and Device Technology IISB
Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials IWM
3 European HVAC integration
2
2 North Africa has a huge potential for
concentrated solar power (CSP)
Source: Guilherme Jfili, CC BY 2.0
3
Energy systems_eTelligence.pdf
-
A D VA N C E D S Y S T E M T E C H N O L O G Y A S T
eTelligence: GERMAN LIGHTHOUSE PROJECT WITHIN THE E-ENERGY PROGRAM
The challenge
Today and future most important issues
are the sustainable and sufficient supply
of consumers with electrical energy based
on an eco-friendly generation. Due to the
need of CO2 reduction and the limitation
of fossil sources of energy the share of
renewable energy sources in generation
is going to take a remarkable part in the
future energy mix.
However, the growing share of renewable
generation is the major challenge for grid
operation. Today`s grid infrastructure is
adjusted to a centralized power generation
at large power plants with power flows
from higher voltage levels to lower voltage
levels with predictable consumption.
In contrast, renewable generation is
generally distributed and most of all it has
a fluctuating character e.g. wind power or
photo-voltaic power.
The danger of temporary imbalances
between generation and consumption is
reinforced by the affected predictability of
generation. In order to compensate these
effects additional balancing power has
to be in standby offered by conventional
power plants.
In addition, renewable generation occurs to
a significant percentage at the distribution
grid level. This may causes a reversal of the
power flows from the distribution grid level
towards the transmission grid level. The
actual design of the electrical transmission
and distribution system does not consider
these states of operation and reaches its
operational limits.
Advanced System Technology AST
Am Vogelherd 50
98693 Ilmenau, Germany
Person to contact:
Dr Peter Bretschneider
Phone +49 3677 461-102
Dipl.-Ing. Hannes Rttinger
Phone +49 3677 461-126
www.iosb-ast.fraunhofer.de
founded by:
-
1 2
Tasks and results
Within the project eTelligence the opti-
mization of electrical energy supply by the
utilization of information and communica-
tion technology (ICT) in combination with
the existing transmission and distribution
infrastructure is demonstrated. Furthermore
the project has to concern about ecological
issues and issues of efficiency as well
as the sustainable energy supply.
In a nutshell, basics are established and
components are developed to create a
sustainable regional energy supply system.
Therefore a regional energy marketplace,
new tariffs and economic incentive
programs, algorithm of control for
distributed generation units and virtual
power plants as well as innovative concepts
for the operation of distribution grid are
developed and tested. A standardized
infrastructure for both business and opera-
tional processes is needed to realize these
objectives. eTelligence takes place at the
city of Cuxhaven where the operability and
effectiveness of the approach is demons-
trated. The region of Cuxhaven offers a
suitable grid topology and a multitude of
distributed generation and large-scale
consumers. In addition the city gives
the opportunity to present the E-Energy
program and the project eTelligence
itself because Cuxhaven records as a health
resort and center of tourism over three
million overnight stop-overs a year. The
Fraunhofer AST is responsible for the
project management of the subproject
Smart distribution grid which contains
amongst others the capture and modeling
of the distribution grid of the city
Additional results in the field of grid
operation are:
Approaches to optimize and manage distribution grids based on marketable ancillary services.
Technical solutions to optimize voltage profiles by reactive power of virtual and conventional power plants.
Technical solutions to optimize load flows by reactive power of virtual and conventional power plants.
Algorithms as well as solutions for an adaptive grid protection.
New methods for the calculation and determination of grid access fees.
Cuxhaven. The optimal integration of
distributed generation and the creation of
accepted ancillary services and grid
products e.g. reactive power compensation
within the framework of the liberalization
and the discrimination free market admissi-
on of all participants are the major challen-
ges of grid operation. Optimization objects
are an ecological and economical operation
of the entire energy system. Therefore
existing degrees of freedom in control of
distributed generation using a general load
management for an active operation under
consideration of an optimal distribution
grid access are realized.
Initiator and partners
BMWi and BMU EWE AG Fraunhofer Energy Alliance BTC AG OFFIS e.V. ko-Institut energy & meteo systems GmbH