energy star and leed for commercial buildings

Energy Star and LEED for Commercial Buildings

Mechanical/Electrical Design

Energy Management Consulting

Sustainable SolutionsTM

Peter C. D'AntonioPE, CEM, LEED AP

PCD Engineering Services, Inc.

Motivation

U.S. Commercial Buildings:

Use nearly 1/3 of total non-renewable energy used on Earth

Use 65% of nation’s electricity

40% of global raw materials use (3 billions tons annually)

Generate 25% materials landfilled & 1/3 global greenhouse gas emissions

Consume $82 billion per year energy (67 billion square feet)

20%-30% report IAQ problems, up to 43% in schools

Produce $29 –168 billion in national productivity losses per year

Humans will erect as many buildings in next 50 years as in last 5,000

Energy and Environmental Efficiency

Public Policy Energy Policy Act (EPAct 1992) – Reduction of Energy and

Water in Federal Facilities

Executive Orders 13123, 13101 – Sustainable Design and Development for Federal Facilities

California Executive Order D-16-00 – State Sustainability Building Goal

NYC High Performance Building Guidelines – Appendix A -Environmentally Responsible Building Guidelines Project

Canada’s Commercial Building Incentive Program, 1998-2004

Colorado Executive Order D 014 03 - Energy Performance Contracting to Improve State Facilities, July, 2003

The Dane County, WI - Resolution 299, 1999-2000 – Green Building Policy

King County, WA - Model Recycled Product Procurement Policy for Environmentally Preferable Products


Wasted Energy

Energy & Environmental Initiatives

Design/Build 2004

Benefits

Energy Star

LEED

Costs

Strategies for Success

Case Studies


Benefits

Environmental benefits

Reduce the impacts of natural resource consumption

Economic benefits

Improve the bottom line

Health and safety benefits

Enhance occupant comfort and health

Community benefits

Minimize strain on local infrastructures and improve quality of life


Economic Benefits

Competitive first costs

Reduce operating costs (50% or more)

Optimize life-cycle economic performance

Increase building valuation and ROI

Decrease vacancy, improve retention

• Marketing advantages

Reduce liability

• Improve risk management

Productivity Benefits

Improve occupant performance

Student performance is better in daylit schools. (20%-26%)

Reduce absenteeism and turnover

Providing a healthy workplace improves employee satisfaction

Increase profitability

Studies have shown ~40% improvement in

daylit retail environments

Energy Star

Partnership between organizations, businesses, consumers and government.

Goal: protect environment by changing to efficient products and services.

Products and Services

Energy Star labeled equipment and buildings

New Building Design Guidance

Building Upgrade Manual

Energy Performance Rating System

0Target Finder

0Portfolio Manager

Energy Star Labeling

First labeled computers. Now ~35 product categories and new homes

Label for Commercial Buildings

0Evaluates conformance to energy-efficiency and indoor environment standards

0Score of 75 or better out of 100 earns award

0Uses statistical analysis data set to compare energy intensity DOE-CBECS

01,400 buildings to date earned the award

New Building Design Guidance

Web based initiative

Recommend actions at each stage at design process

Focus on energy efficiency and integrated design

Begins with pre-design…ends with earning Energy Star Label

Integrated Design

Integrated Design is a process that purposefully brings together the work of various building stakeholders to produce buildings that cost less to operate; are easier to maintain; and are more attractive, marketable, and comfortable than buildings designed through the more traditional, compartmentalized approach. The benefits of integrated design can often be achieved with little or no increase in first costs.

Design Process

Considerations

Assemble Team EARLY

0When 1% of a project’s up front costs are spent,

up to 70% of LCC may already be committed.

Set Goals – Energy and Environment

Address Energy at all Stages

0Pre-design

0Schematic Design

0Design Development

0Construction Documents

0Commissioning

0Building Operations

Design Process

Team

Assemble Team

0Use a front-loaded design process

0Conduct Charettes

0Create a multidisciplinary team

• Include a commissioning agent

0Implement an integrated design approach

0Assign champions to achieve goals

Set Goals -Target Finder

Web based energy performance calculator

Set energy target

Appropriate for early project discussions

Compare design energy to target throughout the design process

>75 meets Energy Star

Target Finder

Derivations

Based on actual performance data

0DOE-CBECS

Normalizes factors that affect energy use intensity

Space type0 Offices, K -12 Schools, Supermarkets, Hospitals, Hotels,

Dormitories, Warehouses

Facility characteristics

Target score (use a minimum of 75)

Design energy 0 Estimated Use

0 Unit Cost

Target Finder

Input Requirements

Target Finder

Output Results

Your design, your target0 Energy Performance

0 kBtu/sf/yr

0 Total Energy Cost

0 Total Annual Energy Use

Statement of Energy Design Intent

Target Finder

www.energystar.gov

Target Finder

www.energystar.gov

x

Target Finder

Benefits

Establish energy target

Compare design energy and cost to target

Explore innovative energy design strategies

Measure effectiveness

-200

20406080

100120140160180

Base

Modera

te

Adva

nced

Optim

al

Savings

Cost

Design Process

Building Operation

Consult Building Upgrade Manual

Use Portfolio Manager to benchmark energy performance (utility usage)

Compare design energy to actual

Achieve score >75

Apply for ENERGY STAR Label

0Enlist P.E. to prepare submittal and perform on-site verification

0Submit Statement of Energy Performance

No single path

Combination of energy efficient equipment and sound operating practices

0Of first 729 building surveyed

• 50% lighting occupancy sensors

• 85% use EMS

• 99% perform regular O&M

• Strong organizational commitment to energy efficiency

Existing Buildings

Path to Energy Star

Awards by Market Sector

Initiative Accomplishments

$7B total reductions

100B kWh reduced

Building Design and Operation

Design Process Flow Diagram

Case Study

RAFI-USA Office Building0Pittsboro, NC

05,100 sf

0Results

• 25.1 kBtu/sf/yr

• $0.60/sf

0ENERGY STAR ~ score 95

New Building Design

Case Study

Actions0Conducted charrette

0Established energy target

0Simulated building energy

0Reduced energy loads• Load Reductions: lighting ~ 70%

cooling ~ 50%

• Initial HVAC design

• Lighting: Task/ambient

New Building Design

Case Study

Strategies0E-W axis

orientation

0Passive Solar

0Daylighting, Lighting

0High efficiency HVAC

New Building Design

Case Study

N

ENERGY STAR makes it easy to:

0Establish energy use target

0Evaluate energy decisions

0Make necessary improvements to achieve goal

0Adopt and deploy best practices

0Reduce environmental impacts

New Building Design

Summary

U.S. Green Building Council

Non-profit organization

Voluntary, diverse membership

Purpose: Integrate building sectors Lead market transformation Educate owner and building

practitioners

Transform the marketplace LEED Rating System

LEED Green Building Rating SystemLEED Green Building Rating System

Framework for informed-educated design

Evaluates performance in green design categories

Advocates0team approach

0integrated design

0documentation

0life-cycle thinking

Points-based, national standard for developing high performance commercial buildings

Why was LEED created?Why was LEED created?

A way to define “green”/ high performance

Set quantifiable targets and goals

Recognize leaders

Promote improvement over time

Stimulate green competition

Raise consumer awareness

Use as a design guideline

LEED - Not a FadLEED - Not a Fad

60% of RFPs on coasts request LEED certification

~6% of new building square footage is registering for LEED certification

Many states and corporations requiring LEED certification for their buildings

Adopted by municipalities, universities, government agencies, etc.

LEED Certification Benefits

Recognition of Quality Buildings and Environmental Stewardship

Third party validation of achievement with a comprehensive metric

Receive marketing exposure through USGBC Web site, case studies, media announcements, & LEED Certification Plaque

Qualify for growing array of state and local government incentives

Contribute to growing knowledge base

for Homes2006

for New

Construction2000

forExisting

Buildings2004

for Core and

Shell2005

for Commercial

Interiors2004

for NeighborhoodDevelopments

????

LEED Products

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design

Water

9%

Sustainable

Sites

22%

Energy &

Atmosphere

16%

Materials &

Resources

15%

Indoor

Environmental

Quality

30%

Water Efficiency

8%Energy &

Atmosphere

27%

Materials &

Resources

20%

Sustainable Sites

22%

Indoor

Environmental

Quality

23%

Category Prereq. Credits Points

Sustainable Sites 1 8 14

Water Efficiency 0 3 5

Energy & Atmosphere 3 6 17

Materials & Resources 1 7 13

Indoor Environmental Quality 1 8 15

Innovation & Design Process 0 1 4

LEED Accredited Designer 0 1 1

LEED Prerequisites, Credits, PointsLEED Prerequisites, Credits, Points

Totals 6 33 69

•Self assessing system

•Four levels of achievement:

–Certified (26- 32 points)

–Silver (33-38 points)

–Gold (39-51 points)

–Platinum (52 + points)

LEED Levels of Achievement

As of 10.19.04

137 Certified Projects

1615 Registered Projects

194 M gsf 50 States 14 Countries

All statistics exclude pilot projects

LEED-NC® Market Transformation

Registered Projects by State - Top 10

As of 10.19.04 All statistics exclude pilot projects

LEED-NC® Market Transformation

0

5000000

10000000

15000000

20000000

25000000

30000000

35000000

259 97 86 83 78 65 62 61 60 52

CA PA WA OR NY MA MI IL TX VA

State and Number of Projects

Gro

ss

Sq

ua

re F

ee

t-G

SF

)

Registered Projects by Building Type


LEED-NC® Market TransformationLEED-NC® Market Transformation

Assembly

(conv. center,

place of

worship,

theater)

1%

Other

3%

Industrial

(manufacturing,

warehouse,

pub. works)

4%

Public Order &

Safety (police,

jail, courthouse)

5%

K-12 Education

6%

Multi-Use

25%

Commercial

Office

15%

Higher

Education

8%

Multi-Unit

Residential

3%

Registered Projects by Owner Type


LEED-NC® Market TransformationLEED-NC® Market Transformation

Individual

1% Profit

Corporation

25%

Local

Government

24%Nonprofit

Corporation

19%

State

Government

12%

Other

9%Federal

Government

10%

LEED Accredited Professional

Exam:

Green Building Design & Construction

LEED Rating System

LEED Resources & Process

Green Design Strategies

Benefits:

Recognition as knowledgeable practitioner of green design

1 point towards a LEED project

Take part in growing market for sustainable projects

LEED Certification Process

Step 1: Project RegistrationWelcome Packet (LEED Letter Template) and on-line project listing

Step 2: Technical SupportReference Guide

Credit Interpretation Rulings

Step 3: Documentation Submittal

After completion of final Cx

Step 4: Building CertificationUpon documentation submittal and USGBC review

LEED Scorecard

LEEDs “Low Hanging Fruit”The Slam-Dunk ScorecardSS1 – Site Selection

SS4.2, SS4.4 – Alternative Transportation (Bicycles & Parking Capacity)

SS5.2 – Reduced Site Disturbance (Development Footprint)

SS7.1 – Reduce Heat Islands – Non-Roof

WE1.1, WE1.2 – Water Efficient Landscaping

EA1.1, 1.2, 1.3 – Optimize Energy Performance

MR2.1, 2.2 – Construction Waste Management

MR4.1, 4.2 – Recycled Content

MR5.1, 5.2 – Local/Regional Materials

EQ1 – CO2 Monitoring

EQ3.2 – Construction IAQ Management

EQ4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4 – Low-Emitting Materials

EQ7.1 – Thermal Comfort

EQ8.2 – Daylight and Views

Credit Interpretation Requests/ Rulings

Updated credit interpretation

Project specific applications

Becomes current “law”

Clarifies credit intent/requirements

Venue to ask project specific questions

LEED Documentation

LEED Letter Template and requested submittals for each prerequisite and credit separated by tabs

LEED registration including general project information

Project narrative including at least three highlights

LEED project checklist/scorecard

Project drawings and photos

Customers

forExisting

Buildings

For building owners and service providers that address building operation and on-going upgrades and performance improvements.

LEED-EB

Why LEED-EB?

Far more existing buildings than new construction

By 2010, 80% of s.f. in market will be from 2002

LEED Version 2.x is not a “good fit” for existing buildings

Tracks O&M performance rather than focusing on design and construction practices

LEED-EB Benefits?

Owner and occupants

Opportunity to demonstrate environmental leadership and shape LEED-EB

Attract and retain employees, improve occupant health and productivity, reduce turnover

Reduce operating expenses

Avoid risk

LEED-EB Point Distribution

Points16 Sustainable Sites *5 Water Efficiency

22 Energy and Atmosphere * 10 Materials and Resources18 Indoor Environmental Quality *71

4 Innovation and Design Process1 LEED Accredited Designer

76 TOTAL Points Available

LEED EB Levels of Certification

0LEED Certified 28-35 points

0Silver Level 36-42 points

0Gold Level 43-56 points

0Platinum Level 57-76 points

Energy Star & LEED Compared

Energy Star – energy performance

LEED – what constitutes a green building

Both support integrated design and goal setting


Both Embrace Integrated Design

Front-loaded design process

Early involvement of all stakeholders

Team selection

Goal setting of environmental targets

System optimization (modeling)

Commissioning

Maintenance and monitoring for ongoing results


Using qualified products

0 Energy Star qualified roof – LEED-NC SS7.2

Measuring energy performance using Portfolio Manager

0 LEED-EB credit EA1

Energy Star LEED-EB

Score Points

60 pre-requisite

63 1

67 2

71 3

75 4

79 5

83 6

87 7

91 8

95 9

99 10

Elements of Energy Star in LEED

Complementary Approach

Design Process

But What Doest It Cost?

Cost of Building Green

...it costs more, BUT Compared to what?

No more than 10% than Code - DOE EERE website

Average 2% more - Capital E-Group 2003 Study

Does NOT necessarily cost more as get more integrated

May cost less!

Cost & Benefits of Building Green

Cost Premium: 2% or $3-$5 per SF

Benefits: $50-$70 per SF

Courtesy Capital E, 2003


Cost / Performance - It Depends

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

Co

st

$/s

q f

t

Certified Silver Gold

Platinum

Courtesy Nigel Howard


EPA - every $1 invested in energy efficient upgrade yields $2-$3 in increased asset value. (EPA website)

USGBC - each $1 invested in upgrade yields $4 in market value (LEED-EB pilot)

200%-400% ROI!

50% energy savings using integrated design (new construction)

0More cost effective to make building energy-efficient at time of construction

Whole System Thinking

Multiple duty out of building elements

Tunneling through the cost barrier0 (A. Lovins)


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20406080

100120140160180

Bas

e

Mode

rate

Adva

nced

Opt

imal

Savings

Cost

Embrace Integrated DesignStrategies for Success

Front-loaded design process

Early involvement of all stakeholders

Team selection

Goal setting of environmental targets

System optimization (computer modeling)

Commissioning

Maintenance, monitoring and reporting for ongoing results

Operating

18%

Maintenance

15%

Taxes

17%

Renovation

20%

Construction

15%

Financing/Legal

/Insurance

15%

Consider Life Cycle Cost

5% increase in construction (first cost) = <1% over life of building

“Green designed buildings have lower cost of ownership

than conventionally designed buildings”


Look for Productivity Gains

1%-2% increase productivity = attractive investment


office salary

84%

gross rent

14%

repair and

maintenance

1%

energy

1%

Office costs(average 130 $/SF)

Design/Build Fits Green Building

Fosters collaboration0 organized team

Early involvement of all project stakeholders

Provides for innovation0 RFP process & coordinated team

Allows life cycle cost consideration0 QBS/Best Value Procurement provide longer-term consideration

(LCC) that don’t focus on first cost

Enhances performance-based product selection

Fewer claims and conflicts

Appropriately assigned risks & responsibilities


Design-Build Team

Master BuilderClientJoint VentureArchitect LedContractor LedIntegrated Firm

Integrated Building Team

Lead Design M.B.

Client

(Composite Master Builder)

Case Studies

Case Study – Design Build

Wellington Webb Municipal Building – Denver

Use: Class “A” office space for 43 city agencies

Size: 630,000 SF

Completion Date: Sep. 2002

Procurement Method: Best Value

Cost: $40M (63.5 $/SF)

Technology0 Daylighting

0 VAV air system with VFDs

0 District steam heat recovery

0 T-5, T-8, LED lighting, Occ. sensors

0 DDC system

Received ENERGY STAR label


Morse Arberry Jr. Telecom. Building - CCSN

Use: Offices, classrooms, labs, auditorium

Size: 92,000 SF

Timeframe: Feb. 03 - Aug. 04

Procurement Method: Best Value

Cost: ~$16M (174 $/SF)

Technology = 20% operating cost saved0 Daylighting (light shelves, sky tubes, occupancy sensors)

0 High efficiency heating boilers and chillers

0 Exterior sunscreens

0 25% of building used recycled material

0 Environmentally safe materials

Received LEED Silver certification


Woodland Police Station – Woodland, CA

Size: 54,000 SF

Construction: 11/2002 – 2/2004

Cost: $10.7M (198 $/SF)

Technology Features0 Bio swale retains all storm water on site

0 Alternative Transportation

0 35%+ savings electricity and gas compared to California Energy Code

0 No CFCs

0 30%+ savings in water compared to EPAct 1992

0 75%+ construction waste recycled

0 recycled and locally manufactured building materials

0 Low-toxicity finishes

0 Reduce heat island effects – used Energy Star roof

0 CO2 monitoring

Received LEED Certified certification

LEED or ENERGY STAR?

Energy efficiency the focus – Energy Star

Sustainability and building materials - LEED

Insure a green building is a high energy performer – Use Energy Star & LEED

If it isn’t efficient…it’s not sustainable.

?

Final Thoughts

Code is the worst you can design/build to by law.

LEED compliance is no guarantee of an energy efficient building.

An Energy Star building is no indication of a green building.

Use LEED, Energy Star as guides for building better buildings.

For more information:

Peter D’Antonio – PCD Engineering Services, Inc.

303.678.1108

[email protected]