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SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EDISON 1 Advanced Technology

Energy Storage Demonstration Programs at Southern California Edison

Mark Irwin

Director, Technology Development

Advanced Technology

Southern California Edison


Southern California Edison (SCE) Overview

• One of the largest utilities in

America

• Committed to providing safe,

reliable and affordable electric

service to nearly 14 million

people in central, coastal and

southern California

• Award-winning energy efficiency

and demand response programs

• Industry leader for 125 years


Major Policy and Technology Drivers for Storage

• Expanding Penetration of Solar and Wind generation

– 33% Renewable Portfolio Standard

– Distributed PV (1-2MW arrays)

– Self-Generation Incentive Program (SGIP)

– California Solar Initiative (CSI)

• Regulatory Change for Non-Renewable Generation

– Once-Through Cooling (OTC)

– Greenhouse Gas, AB 32

• Changes in Homeowner Load Profile

– ZNE homes and Title 24

– Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs)

State policies led SCE to complete strategic planning analysis which resulted in 2010 Energy Storage White Paper


Tehachapi Storage Project

Irvine Smart Grid Demonstration

Large-Scale Energy Storage (8MW/32MWh – Q2 2014) • Evaluate a utility scale lithium-ion battery’s ability to increase grid performance & integrate wind

generation

Large Commercial PLS Program (100kW/500kWh – Q2 2014) • Evaluate Energy Storage for Large Commercial Customer Permanent Load Shifting

Large Distributed Energy Storage (2MW/500kWh unit – Q2 2014)

• Evaluate the use of a containerized storage device to relieve distribution circuit constraints and mitigate overheating of the substation getaway

Large-Scale Community Energy Storage (CES) (100kW/100kWh – Q4 2013)

• Integrate energy storage with solar PV to help minimize the impact of plug-in electric vehicle charging at work during peak periods

Community Energy Storage (CES) (25kW/50kWh – Q2 2013)

• Evaluate the use of energy storage to shave peak load on the low voltage side of the residential transformer

Residential Home Energy Storage Unit (RESU) (4kW/10kWh – Q3 2013)

• Evaluate the performance of energy storage in the home using various functions, including level demand, peak load shaving, demand response, and secure load backup

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Present

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D 13-10-040 requires SCE to procure 580MW of energy storage by 2020 and gives SCE the opportunity to own up to 290MW

SCE’S ENERGY STORAGE REQUIREMENTS

Storage Grid Domain (Point of Interconnection)

2014 2016 2018 2020 Total Total

Range

Transmission 50 65 85 110 310 62 - 458

Distribution 30 40 50 65 185 37 - 433

Customer 10 15 25 35 85 85

Total 90 120 160 210 580 580

MW

FLEXIBILITY:

• Up to 50% of total procurement goal can be Utility Owned

• Up to 80% of MWs can be: – Shifted between Transmission and Distribution buckets (only) – Deferred (not past 2020) with a showing of unreasonableness

• All projects must be installed and operational by 2024


Distributed Energy Storage Integration (DESI) Pilot Program (approx. 2MW/4MWh – Q4 2014)

• Deploy energy storage on the distribution system to solve a challenge or for economic benefit

Distribution Optimized Storage (DOS) (1MW/1MWh – 2015)

• Evaluate aggregated energy storage units on the distribution system with optimized controller

Procurement • SCE long-term procurement plan (LTPP) Track 1 that includes a procurement requirement for 50MW of

energy storage by 2021 plus additional opportunity for preferred resources or energy storage

• Recent Track 4 decision provides additional opportunity for preferred resources or energy storage

• Remainder of 580 MW not built by SCE

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Future

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SCE Energy Storage Initiative (Up to 290MW)

• CPUC Energy Storage Mandate (AB 2514) includes a procurement requirement for 580MW of energy storage by 2020 with up to 290MW of ownership opportunity

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SCE Energy Storage Facilities and Technology Development Approach


SCE’s Energy Storage Laboratories

• EV Technical Center (EVTC) in Pomona

– Unique energy storage test facilities in the utility industry

– Cell level to full system testing

• Large Energy Storage Testing Apparatus (LESTA) in Westminster

– Dedicated to the evaluation of Large Distributed Energy Storage Systems up to 6MVA


Advanced Technology Structured Approach

Investigation

• Selection of projects based on various SCE organizations’ inputs

• External collaboration with Tech Advisory Boards, research organizations, VCs, universities, standards bodies, utilities

Modeling/ Laboratory Evaluation

• Testing prototypes

• Building predictive models

• Assessing market entrants

• Systems integration

• Evaluating grid impacts

Demonstration

• Integrating devices and systems in a real world environment

• Evaluating cost/benefits

Pilot

• Standards process

• Training development

• Performance validation and verification

• Support capital decision process

Deployment

• SCE standard

• Project support

• Knowledge transfer

• Ongoing consultation


SCE Battery Storage Evaluation Philosophy

Electrochemical Energy Storage Evaluation

- Assess Various Chemistries for Performance and Potential Cost Reduction

- Determine Battery Operational Life

- Provide Input for Strategic Planning

System Evaluation

- Validate Full System Performance

- Validate Control System

- Prepare Documentation for Field Installation

- Train Field Personnel

- Engage Internal and External Stakeholders

Field Evaluation

- Demonstrate Functionality and Values in Actual Application

- Engage Internal and External Stakeholders


SCE ES Field Evaluation

Demonstration Programs

Assess Technical Merit

- Demonstrate Functionality

- Demonstrate Potential Value Streams

- Demonstrate Reliability

Pilots Programs

Provide a Functional System

- Resolve a Grid Problem

- Increase Operational Excellence

- Capture Value Streams

- Pursue Standardization

Deployment

Mainstream Grid Device


Lessons Learned & Challenges

• Capturing promised value streams in actual applications

• Siting, Siting, Siting

– Site selection

– Aesthetics

– Noise

• Demonstrating reliability

• Building positive business cases

• Integrating with existing utility communication infrastructure & new Smart Grid technologies

• Validating large systems prior to deployment

• Availability of truly grid ready systems

• Availability of standard application definitions and test procedures


Appendix

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Residential Energy Storage Unit (RESU)

• Behind-the-meter devices – Unlikely to install more for ownership initiative – Would not require siting/permitting

• 4kW / 10 kWh unit • Dimensions: 25x35x60 inches

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IRVINE SMART GRID DEMONSTRATION (ISGD)


Community Energy Storage (CES)

• CES unit with the battery installed underground

• 25kW / 50kWh unit

• Dimensions: Inverter (above ground) is 37x50x32 inches; the batteries are 28x26x46 inches and are underground in an enclosure that is 41x74x52 inches

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CES unit installed (device on the left is a bypass switch, which may not be required in large scale deployment)

Community Energy Storage (CES)

CES unit in the lab without the battery (which would be underground, below unit)

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Scale of Li-ion Storage Systems

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Cell • 3.7V • 60Wh • 380g

Module • 52V • 3.2kWh • 40kg

Rack • 930V • 58kWh • 950kg

x 56 x 18

TEHACHAPI STORAGE PROJECT (TSP)


• Integrated with solar PV car shade project (charging EVs to alleviate peak load)

• 20 foot storage container

• 50 kW / 100 kWh

Large Scale Community Energy Storage

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Battery Energy System

• Demonstrating feeder relief

• 53 foot cargo container

• Ancillary skid and Interconnection skid

• 2MW/0.5MWh

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• Installed at SCE’s Monolith Substation

• 6,300 sqft building

• Connected at sub-transmission level through a 12/66kV transformer TSP "building“

• TSP interconnection facilities with TSP "building" in the background

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TSP Facility


TSP Battery Configuration

• 604,800 Cells

• 10,800 Modules - 14 series / 4 parallel cells per module (56 cells total)

• 600 Racks - 18 modules per rack

• 4 Sections - 150 racks per section

• 8 MW / 32MWh System

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TSP Facility

• Located in the Tehachapi area, California’s largest wind resource

• Massive wind development potential driving grid infrastructure (up to 4,500 MW)

• Installed at SCE’s Monolith Substataion

• 6,300 sqft building

• Connected at sub-transmission level through a 12/66kV transformer


BESS Facility


How to Scale Li-ion Storage Systems

Cell • 3.7V • 60Wh • 380g

Module • 52V • 3.2kWh • 40kg

Rack • 930V • 58kWh • 950kg

x 56 x 18


TSP Battery Configuration How to get 32 MWh from a 60Wh cell

• 4 Sections - 150 racks per section

• 600 Racks - 18 modules per rack

• 10,800 Modules - 14 series/4 parallel cells per module

• 604,800 Cells


Mini system at EVTC & PCS controller at RTDS Lab

Battery

Racks

PCS

Smart

Energy

Controller

Battery

Section

Controller

DC

Switchgear

& Controls

PCS

Controller


TSP Mini-system - Key Findings

• Discovered and resolved major safety issues regarding the battery system and PCS operation

• Manufacturer performed multiple software/firmware upgrades

• Based on 24/7 operation for more than 3 months, many additional functional upgrades have already been implemented (e.g., optimize control algorithms & graphic user interface)

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