Energy Storage for Wind Integration:

Innovative Possibilities

Shyam Ragupathy

Director, Customized Energy Solutions

Presented at

Indian Wind Turbine Manufacturers Association , 27th April 2017

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3

India Energy Storage Alliance (IESA), launched in 2012…

• Objectives:

– To promote Energy Storage Solutions in India

– Assess the market potential of Energy Storage Solutions (ESS) in India

– Brainstorming with various key stakeholders, on policy matters

– Raise awareness about ESS in Indian industry, government and power sector

– To assist ESS technology, product, services and system integration companies to strategize and grow

Promote ESS in India

Assess ESS Market

PotentialPolicy

Advocacy

Awareness Initiatives

Business Growth

IESA

Objectives

… driven by its vision to make India a global hub for deployment and manufacturing of

Energy Storage & Microgrids

Role of Energy Storage in Smarter Grid

By supplying power when

and where needed, Energy

Storage will- Improve the reliability of

electricity supply

- Reduces variability and

uncertainty, increases

stability

- Better integration of

renewables into the system

- Increase the efficiency

(economic & utilization) of

existing generation &

transmission facilities

- Reduce the need for

additional transmission assets

- Be the preferred supplier of

ancillary services

Parameter Fuel Generation Transmission Distribution ServicesChallenges Volatility Low Utilization Congestion Disruptions Dirty powerESS Benefits Hedge risk Baseload arbitrage Higher utilization Stable power Quality Power

Renewables in India: Solar and Wind

• Currently installed total solar PV

generation capacity is 12.29GW,

with a capacity addition of 5.5GW in

FY16-17

• Most regions of India have an

abundance of source of solar

energy

• Target for 2022 is 100 GW which

implies almost 8X of the currently

installed capacity

Solar Generation

Capacity

• Currently installed total wind

generation capacity is 32.18GW,

with a capacity addition of 5.4GW in

FY16-17

• Western and southern regions of

India include 90% installed capacity

• Target for 2022 is 60 GW which

implies almost doubling of the

currently installed capacity

Wind Generation

Capacity

Challenges in renewables integration

6

Source: Dr. Michael Milligan NREL / AWEA : Dr. Jay Apt, CMU

Variability and uncertainty due to RE integration, strains the grid and challenges system

control, making it difficult to forecast and schedule for dispatches

Impact of RE Integration into grid

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a) Risk of over generation and wastage of resources, due to high RE

uncertainty

b) The fluctuations of RE output affects transmission efficiency

c) High variability and uncertainty significantly complicates the demand-

supply balancing system and requires additional flexibility in power

systems

d) High uncertainty requires additional secondary and tertiary operating

reserves, increased ramping

e) High intermittency of renewable energy make it difficult to forecast

and schedule for dispatches.

f) Higher penetration (with rapid deployment) of RE resources may

ultimately result in unstable grid

These challenges presents a historic opportunity to modernize the grid to smooth short-

term variability and uncertainty with ESS, real time communication and control

automation in grid systems

Energy Storage for Wind SmoothingWind Farm Output With Firming

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2 Hour Event 2 Second Resolution

MW

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10%

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60%

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f C

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Energy Storage is the solution for RE integration challenges, which absorbs excess RE

(ramp control), enables power producers provide the grid with consistent power and

respond immediately and precisely to changes in load.

RE Integration – Current Measures

ForecastingBalancing

MechanismsDemand Response

Strengthen Transmission

Regional Power Transactions

RE Integration – Energy Storage is the Way Ahead

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Energy Storage

Mechanical Storage

Pumped Storage Hydro (PSH)

Compressed Air

Energy Storage (CAES)

Flywheels

Electrical Storage

Super capacitors

Super conducting Magnetic

Energy Storage (SMES)

Chemical Storage

Fuel Cell

Electrochemical Storage

Lead Acid Batteries

Sodium Based

Batteries

Li-Ion Batteries

Flow Batteries

Zinc Based

Batteries

Mapping Storage Technologies

Choosing the right technology with right sizing for the right application is key

Energy Storage Landscape 2017

Technical Parameters: Comparison

Lead AcidAdvanced Lead Acid Li -Ion NaS Na-NiCl2 ZBB VRB

Efficiency 60-80% 80-90% 90-95% 70-80% 80-85% 60-70% 65-75%

C Rate Range Nominal C/10 C/4 C/4 C/6 C/6 C/8 C/8

Usable SOC 60% 80% 90% 80% 80% 100% 100%

Maint requirement (months) 3 to 6 3 to 6 12 12 12 12 12

Life Cycle Range Min 350 2500 2000 3000 3000 4000 5000

Life Cycle Range Max 1800 3000 4000 5000 4500 6000 8000

Maturity of Technology Very Mature Demo Projects Very Mature Mature Demo Projects

Demo Projects Mature

Initial Capital Cost ($/kWh) Min 150 300 350 750 750 800 700

Initial Capital Cost ($/kWh) Max 300 500 1000 1000 1000 1000 900

Operating Cost High Medium Low Low Low Medium Low

Space Required Large Large Small Moderate Moderate Moderate Large

Key Trends in Energy Storage

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Energy Storage Performance Matrix

ENERGY STORAGE performance metrics:

• Capital cost ($/kWh)

• Cycle life

• Roundtrip Energy Efficiency

• Space footprint

• C-rate (duration)

• Usable SOC range

Lead Acid batteries are work horse for the industrial and

residential backup and provide lower capital cost solutions. Li-Ion has emerged as the

technology of choice for short duration applications & Flow

batteries are vying for a position for longer duration applications.

Capacity in MWh

Category 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Total

Solar Rooftop 18 53 89 166 243 425 578 1,572

Diesel Replacement 7 33 76 262 544 1,121 1,429 3,471

Inverter backup 5,918 5,417 5,617 5,525 5,586 5,863 6,123 40,048

Telecom 2,063 2,183 2,196 2,427 2,394 2,581 2,545 16,387

Rural micro-grids 58 234 348 551 821 1,311 1,697 5,020

HVAC applications (Thermal Storage) 94 207 454 747 1,346 2,064 3,225 8,138

Solar Integration - 15 43 175 135 315 750 1,433

Wind Integration - - 9 71 116 318 545 1,059

Ancillary Services - 2 8 60 79 118 143 409

Electric Vehicles 1,434 2,104 2,788 3,151 4,044 5,443 7,863 26,829

Railways 538 560 589 619 650 679 713 4,347

Total 10,130 10,806 12,216 13,753 15,957 20,239 25,611 108,713

Energy Storage Potential by 2022

The ESS market potential between 2016-2022 would be around 57,000MW and 109,000MWh.

The ESS market for India in 2016 was around 5GW/10GWh.

ESS adoption will continue to be driven by need for reliable grid power, diesel replacement,

integration of storage with renewables in rooftop solar, grid level wind/solar and micro-grids

Market Activities in 2016-17

• MNRE and Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI) propose to support demonstration projects for ESS to assess feasibility of ESS technologies for small scale and grid connected MW scale renewable energy applications. RfP for first demonstration project of wind, solar PV and storage was out in March 2016 and final bidder was shortlisted in Jan 2017.

SECI Hybrid demonstration project

• Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI) had floated two tenders for Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka Solar Parks. The six projects together will witness installation of 15MWh of energy storage. The individual project includes PV of 50MWp and battery of 2.5MWh/5MW.

SECI solar + storage tenders

• NLC India limited floated a project proposal for Andaman. The project is proposed to include a 20MW solar PV plant with 28MWh battery and a 7MW power conversion unit.

NLC Andamans project

• AES energy storage announced India’s 1st grid scale energy storage project in partnership with Mitsubishi Corporation, a 10MW Advancion energy storage array to be deployed at a facility operated by Tata Power Delhi Distribution Limited.

AES grid scale project

Market Activities in 2016-17

• GIFT City has come up with RfP for consulting work of designing of ESS for their proposed load of 600 MVA. They require ESS for back-up power application, T&D deferral, peak charge management and load shifting.

GIFT City

• Over 80,000 towers installed with Li-ion battery by end of 2016.

• Lithium ion battery installation crossed 1000MWh in Telecom sector alone.

Telecom

• PGCIL had implemented three projects of 500 kW each for Li-ion, Advanced lead acid and flow battery in puducherry.

PGCIL

• NTPC’s R&D unit NETRA is conducting a pilot study on 1.2MWh NaS battery system in Andamans.

NTPC Netra

Limitation: Lack of Policy Framework

Existing Policy framework

• National Electric Mobility Mission (6-7 million of EV by 2022)

• Renewable energy targets (175GW)

• Universal Energy Access – Power for all homes by 2019

• National Smart Grid Mission – Quality power on demand for all by 2027• SECI’s solar + storage projects

• Net metering policy (14+ states)

Lack of Policy framework• National Energy Storage Mission

• ESS - Renewable integration policy (including RE shifting / firming / smoothing / forecasting & scheduling /

ramp rate control)

• Framework for ESS in Frequency regulation ancillary services market & grid services

• Attractive Intra state deviation penalty mechanism for renewables

• Comprehensive EV charging policy for charging stations, TOD tariff & V2G

• Policy for distributed ESS- RE & micro grids integration

• Framework for reuse , recycle & disposal of batteries including 2nd life usage

• ESS policy for transmission for congestion management, reliability, investment deferral

Vision for Energy Storage Manufacturing in India

India to become global

hub for ESS manufacturing

Invest into R&D, Validate

Technology

Accelerate Energy Storage

Start-up's

Global Collaboration

and tech licensing

Optimal Tax & Duties

structure

Framework for safe reuse and

disposal

Create a innovative

electric mobility market

Setup large giga factories

for ESS manufacturing

Reduce the greenhouse

gas emissions

Energy Storage has strategic

importance for India’s energy

security and clean energy future

Join IESA to learn more!

Customized Energy Solutions India Pvt. Ltd.A 501, GO Square

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info@ces-ltd.com

Customized Energy Solutions Ltd.1528 Walnut Street, 22nd Floor

Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA

Phone: +1-215-875-9440Fax: +1-215-875-9490

info@ces-ltd.com

Shyam RagupathyDirector, CES India

sragupathy@ces-ltd.com India Cell: +91 9600008860

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