Presented ByTalha Zubair & Engr. Eshan Ahuja

The Project

Establishment of 5*20m3 Biogas plants for provision of electricity and natural gas for households .

The Client : Energy Department, Government of Punjab: Pakistan

The Consultant : Sustainable Energy Initiative - SEI

Project Location : Ladian, Gujrat District, Pakistan

- Population 0.2 Million

Design Deenbandhu Bio-gas Model (20m3 each)

Background

- Pakistan is suffering from an energy crisis due to:

- Rapidly increasing energy demand

- A Flat energy production curve

- This results in 16-18 hour load shedding in Urban while 20-22 hours in rural areas.

- Lack of energy impacts economy, agriculture and everyday activities .

- There is a severe deficit in natural gas production in addition to electricity in winter season.

Energy Crisis in Pakistan

• Pakistan’s energy demand has grown 80% in the last 15 years.

• At present installed power generation capacity in Pakistan is estimated to about 22,500MW , but

actual power generation hovers around 15,000MW, due to outdated, inefficient power plants and

cash crunch, which often does not permit power plants to operate at optimum capacity because of

the inability to buy the required furnace oil.

• Hydroelectric plants (6,500MW) dependent on water availability can fall to as low as 2,500MW when

water levels drop drastically

• Nuclear power and renewable energy sources are too expensive and take long times to setup

• IPPs Independent Power Plants (6,500MW), IPP output is limited by money problems.

Consequently, the country cannot afford to provide a regular supply of power.

4

Pakistan’s Rapidly Rising Energy Demand

5

Source: www.Pakonomy.com

Current Energy Mix of Pakistan

Installed Power Generation Capacity of Pakistan is approximately 22,500 MW among which 67.2% is generated from thermal sources (oil 37.8 % and gas), 29.4% from hydro, 3.3% from nuclear and 0.1% from coal.

6

Source: Pakistan energy year book 2010-2011

67.2

29.4

3.38 0.1 0.05

Thermal Sources Hydropower Nuclear Coal Renewables

Rationale

• Pakistan cannot afford to increase its imports of conventional energy sources like oil and

gas to meet rising energy demand

• Such countries also lack the financial capability to invest in expensive renewables such as

wind, solar power etc.

• A simple, cheap, easily operable and available energy source is required

7

Why Rural Areas?

Agricultural activities in the rural areas of Punjab make significant contribution towards Pakistan’s GDP. With over 20 hours of load shedding per day, they are unable to perform daily activities thus effecting agricultural productivity

8

Energy Demand in Rural and Urban Areas of Pakistan

• Developing countries like Pakistan have low per capita energy requirements.

• In rural areas of Pakistan, the daily per capita demand of energy equals 10-15 kWh,

which could be covered by about 2m³ of biogas .

• People in Pakistan generally cut trees for firewood as a source of energy. So a biogas

plant, therefore, directly saves forests, assuming that even deadwood is collected for fuel .

• Traditionally, rural households are engaged in cattle and crop farming and keep 5 to 10

heads of livestock (mostly buffaloes and cows) for their agro-pastoral livelihood

activities.

9

Why Bio-Gas?

• Pakistan has an agricultural based economy and therefore, it possesses a huge potential in the form

of 10 million livestock for biogas development. Pakistan can produce 150 million m³ of biogas

per day, i.e. 54,000 million m³ per annum.

• Can serve as a major source of income generation through energy production, organic farming and

trading carbon credits

• One of cheapest , easily available and relatively clean energy source

• Raw material cost is just 1 Cent Per Kg

• Does not require skilled labor for construction

• Very low operation and maintenance cost

• Pakistan possesses 63 million buffaloes and cows that yield 990 million kg of cow-dung per day.

About 6 kg of cow-dung can produce 1 m³ of biogas (natural gas).

10

A 20m3 Plant can provide

• Natural gas for 12-14 households (4-5 people per household) on a daily basis

• Electricity to 10-12 households

• Employment of an approximate 100 people during construction of one plant ( on a rolling

basis )

• Enhanced agricultural productivity due fertilizer obtained from bio-gas plants

• Sanitary treatment of wastes

• Efficient and economical recovery of some of the waste carbon as methane for fuel

• Retention of humus matter and nutrients for use as a fertilizer.

• Less organic waste generated

Our Bio-Gas Model

12

Deenbandhu Bio-gas Model

Detailed Engineering Design

13

14

The Process

15

Source: litradesign.net

Cost per plant

S.No Description of Item 

Quantity /No Rate/hr *3 WeeksAmount

(Pakistan Rupees)

Amount (AUD)

1Studies/ Surveys Conducted

4   25,000 235

2Labour CostUnskilled 18 1200PKR 21,600 203

3 Material Cost    

21,000 197

4Construction & Installation cost    

40,000 376

5 Transportation cost   

6,000 56

6Construction Supervision Cost    

15,000 141

Total Cost 128,600 1211

* Note

Conversion Rate 1 AUD=106.2 PKR

Project Benefits

Social Economic Environmental

• Improved quality of life due to availability of energy

• Energy Equality in villages ( gap in energy consumption per capita )

• Improved aesthetics: better solid waste management

• A cheaper substitute of fertilizer

• Provision of livelihood to local people

• 12kg of animal waste and 2 kg human excreta reduced in Solid waste generated per day

• Enhanced agricultural productivity

• 500-600 people employed ( on a rotational basis ) during construction of project

• 10 tones of free fertilizer in form of slurry produced per day

• Clean

• Renewable

• Relatively less polluting as compared to Thermal power, fuel wood burning etc.

• Less organic waste to landfills/dumping sites

• Less pollution

17

Benefits- Quantified

• The government inspection at the end of Week 7 resulted in their positive feedback and greater

confidence in the services of the Consultants. The Government energy department expressed the

desire to further expand the project to include 2 more villages.

• Villagers just have to pay 5c per day of gas supply .

• An approximate 5kg of cattle dung is produced per household – since we pay 1c per kg of dung so

the cost is: 5c (paid by villagers) = 5kg*1c (paid to villagers for dung) Resulting in Zero net

cost for villagers

18

Requirements Cost Before Bio-gas Plant After Bio-Gas Plant

LPG= 2 cylinders 1800 Nil

Fuel Wood 750 Nil

Dung Cakes Daily Labour Cost Nil

Chemical Fertilizer 600 Nil

Approx. Total Cost 3150 Nil

Project Timeline

Note: 1 Week = 1 Month ( Estimation)

20

Similar Bio-gas Projects around the World

A small bio-gas plant in Kenya

21

An 8m3 biogas plant in Pakistan

22

A 100m3 biogas plant being constructed in Faislabad- Pakistan

23

Conclusion

• In countries with poor economic conditions and rapidly increasing population, it is difficult to

invest in conventional and renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power.

• With concerns of energy, environment and economy a relatively clean, viable and

sustainable source of energy is needed capable of supplementing demands of small

secluded villages with low population and no access to energy

• Bio-gas is a good solution to energy problems in countries like Pakistan as it:

– Is cheap to build, operate and maintain

– Supplements the energy requirements (Gas or Electricity) of secluded villages at a much lower cost

– Has negligible fuel cost and takes little time to establish

Thank you

25

References

• Overview of Pakistan's Electricity Crisis, Generation-Mix and Renewable energy

scenarios

• Masud, Jamil, Clean Energy Development in Pakistan, ADB Climate Change and

Energy Workshop, Bangkok (2009)

• Biogas in India, Anil Dhussa , Ministry of New and Renewable Energy Government of

India New Delhi

• http://www.nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/columns/19-

Jul-2013/can-pakistan-meet-its-energy-needs

26