ENERGY TRANSFER IN ECOSYSTEMS

Unit Target: Research ways in which organsisms in an ecosystem get the

materials and energy they need.

In the last unit we learned that some organisms capture the energy of the sun and turn it into a usable form- glucose.

In this unit we studied the flow of energy from the sun to producers and consumers.

Producers and consumers must release the energy stored in glucose in a process called cellular respiration in order to form ATP.

Learning Target: Define a food web (Knowledge)

True or False?

A food web can best be described as the interconnected feeding relationships in an ecosystem.

True

True or False?

The original source of energy for a food web is ATP.

False: Sunlight

Energya. Is used by plants to growb. Is used by animals for daily activitiesc. Is the ability to do workd. All of the above

Answer: d

Which column of words represents abiotic factors in an environment?

A

Abiotic

Sunlight

Water

Soil

Rocks

Atmospheric gases

B

Biotic

Plants

Animals

Fungi

Bacteria

Protists

True or False?

Biotic factors in an environment are dependant on the abiotic factors?

True- For example, a human (biotic) is mostly made of water (abiotic) and uses oxygen (abiotic) for cellular respiration.

On the next slide match components of a food web with their correct description.

Primary producer Breaks down organic matter

Herbivore Meat eating

Omnivore Uses solar energy to make its own foodCarnivore Plant and meat eating

Detritivore Eats dead carcasses

Scavenger Eats organic matter

Decomposer Plant eating

Match components of a desert food web with specific examples.

Primary producer

Herbivore

Carnivore

Scavenger

Decomposer

Jack Rabbit

Bacteria

Buzzard

Cactus

Coyote

Learning Target: Interpret a food web for an ecosystem. (Reasoning)

Is this a diagram of a food chain or a food web?

Food chain- because it is a linear sequence of eating relationships.

How many trophic levels are in this food chain?

4- producer, herbivore, carnivore, decomposer

Is the snail a primary producer?

No- it is an herbivore

If the shrimp population decreases what organism will be most affected?

Sandpiper. They only eat shrimp. The mallard and egret eat other organisms.

Are there any omnivores in this food web?

Yes- The mallard is an example. It eats terrestrial plants and shrimp.

What organism not pictured would recycle the nutrients contained in the owl?

A decomposer.

What term describes the trophic level of the grasshopper?

Second level consumer

What do the arrows in a food web represent?

The direction energy flows in a food web.

Learning Target: Examine the flow of energy in an ecosystem. (skill)

Which of the following is not a type of ecological pyramid?

a.Energy pyramid

b.Food web pyramid

c.Biomass pyramid

d.Numbers pyramid

b.

Name the energy level.

1

2

3

4

How many trophic levels are shown in this pyramid?

5

What percent of energy is available to the green fish?

0.1%

How does the snail use most of its energy?

For respiration, movement and reproduction.

True or False?

90% of the energy in a trophic level is lost as heat.

True.

Learning Target: Define cellular respiration. (Knowledge)

True or False?

Cellular respiration releases energy from food.

True

The type of energy formed during cellular respiration is glucose.

False- ATP

The two types of cellular respiration are _______________and _____________.

Anaerobic and Aerobic

Learning Target: Interpret a diagram of cellular respiration. (skill)

12

3.

4

5

6.

7.

8.

The two reactants of aerobic cellular

respiration are ( glucose / pyruvate )

and ( oxygen / water ).

Which is the correct equation for aerobic cellular respiration?

a. 6O2 + C6H12O6 ---- 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

b. 6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy ---- 6CO2 + 6H2O

c. 6CO2 + 6H2O ---- 6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy• 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy ---- 6O2 + C6H12O6

a.

What type of energy is produced by cellular respiration?

ATP and heat

When (carbon dioxide / oxygen ) is not

present after glycolosis, the cell will carry

out anaerobic respiration which can also

be called ( fermentation / photosynthesis ).

Which type of fermentation is it?

Pyruvic acid + NADH - alcohol + CO2 + NAD

Alcohol fermentation

Pyruvic acid + NADH - lactic acid + NAD

Lactic acid fermentation

Which fermentation results in sore muscles?

Lactic acid- muscles don’t work well when they don’t get oxygen and are bathed in lactic acid.

Learning Target: Compare and contrast cellular respiration and photosynthesis.

(reasoning)Which process is it?

Produces glucose

Requires oxygen

Creates 34-38 ATP

Occurs in plants and animals

Photosynthesis

Aerobic cellular respiration

Cellular respiration

Cellular respiration

Summary

True or False?Most organisms depend on the sun as a source of energy.

True

Autotrophs are the only organisms that can convert the sun’s energy to usable chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis.

True

Both autotrophs and heterotrophs release the energy stored in foods such as glucose in a process called cellular respiration.

True