energy transfer - waves. waves a wave is any disturbance that transmits energy through matter or...
DESCRIPTION
Mediums Energy can be transferred with or without a medium A medium is a substance through which a wave can travel. Medium can be solid, liquid, or gas In a medium, when one particle vibrates, it passes energy to the particle next to it, which causes the second particle to vibrate. Waves that require a medium to travel – Mechanical Waves – Sound waves – Ocean wavesTRANSCRIPT
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Energy Transfer - Waves
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Waves
• A wave is any disturbance that transmits energy through matter or empty space.
• Energy can be carried away from it’s source by a wave. As a wave travels, it does work on everything in it’s path– Ex. Wave in water – does work to make water
move up and down, to make boats move up and down with the water
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Mediums• Energy can be transferred with or without a medium • A medium is a substance through which a wave can travel.• Medium can be solid, liquid, or gas• In a medium, when one particle vibrates, it passes energy
to the particle next to it, which causes the second particle to vibrate.
• Waves that require a medium to travel – Mechanical Waves– Sound waves– Ocean waves
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Energy transfer without a medium
• Some waves can transfer energy without going through a medium – Called Electromagnetic Waves– Visible light– Microwaves– Radio waves– Xrays– Although they don’t require a medium, they can
travel through matter (air, water, glass, etc)
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Types of Waves
• Waves are classified based on the direction in which the particles of the medium vibrate compared with the direction in which the waves move.
• 3 types of waves– Transverse– Longitudinal– Surface
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Transverse waves
• Waves in which the particles of the medium move up-and-down
• The particles of the medium move perpendicularly to the direction the wave is traveling
• The word Transverse means “moving across”
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Longitudinal Wave
• The particles of the medium vibrate parallel to the direction of wave motion – Ex: Sound wave
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Surface Wave
• When waves form at or near the boundary between two media, a transverse wave and a longitudinal wave can combine to form a Surface Wave
• Look like transverse waves, but the particles of the medium move in circles rather than up and down. They move forward at the crest and backward at the trough
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Wave Properties
• Amplitude• Wavelength• Frequency• Speed
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Amplitude
• The maximum distance that the particles of a wave’s medium vibrate from their rest position (the rest position is the point where the particles of a medium stay when there are no disturbances.
• More energy transferred = Larger amplitude
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Wavelength
• The distance between any two crests or compressions next to each other in a wave OR the distance between any two troughs or rarefactions next to each other
• More energy = shorter wavelength
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Frequency• The number of waves produces in a given amount of time –
expressed in hertz (Hz)• For waves: 1 Hz = 1 wave per second• If 2 waves have an equal amplitude – high-frequency waves
carry more energy than low-frequency waves.
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Wave Speed
• The speed at which a wave travels• Speed (v) Can be calculated using wavelength
(λ – greek lambda) and frequency (f)• Wave equation
V = λ x f
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Relationship between wave properties
• If a wave is traveling at a certain speed and you double it’s frequency, it’s wavelength will be cut in half.
• If you cut a waves frequency in half, the wavelength will double.
• Means wavelength and frequency are inversely related.