energy transfers starter: write a list of the food you have eaten so far today. where does all of...
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Energy transfers
Starter:• Write a list of the
food you have eaten so far today.
• Where does all of the energy in your food originally come from?
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Where does all of the energy in your food originally come
from?
The Sun
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Learning outcomes
• State that the energy in food originated from the sun.
• Describe how energy is lost at every stage of a food chain.
• Explain why glucose made in photosynthesis is stored as starch
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Key words
• Energy• Food chain• Respiration• Movement• Waste• Urea• Faeces
• Efficiency• Photosynthesis• Chlorophyll• Chloroplast• Chemical energy• Glucose• Starch
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All food chains begin with energy from the sun.
So you are (indirectly) solar powered!
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The sun is not usually included in food chains so the previous diagram becomes:
Food chains
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Copy the diagram above and answer the following questions:
1. Which direction are the arrows pointing?
2. What is this showing about how energy is transferred in this food chain?
3. What are the arrows that split off from the food chain showing about the energy transfer at each stage?
Food chain questions
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Answers1. The arrows are pointing right.
2. This shows that energy is passed along the food chain.
3. The arrows that split off from the food chain show that energy is lost at every stage of the food chain.
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Why is energy lost at every stage of the food chain?
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All animals lose energy in:
1. Respiration (which includes movement and keeping warm in warm blooded animals)
2. Excretion of urea in urine and undigested food in faeces
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energy used for growth (output)efficiency =
energy supplied (input)
100 – 60 – 34efficiency =
100
Q: What is the efficiency of farming cows for food?
= 6 / 100= 0.06= 6%
A:
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Q: What is the efficiency of this plant?
A: 5% (of the light energy is converted into chemical energy in glucose)
5% of the light is converted into glucose
95% of the light is reflected.
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Why are plant leaves only 5%
efficient?
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Q: Why are plant leaves only 5% efficient?
A: Approx. 95% of the energy hitting the plant is reflected.
The rest of the wasted energy in plants:–heats up leaves –is absorbed by non-photosynthetic
parts –is transmitted through leaves
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How does the plant convert light energy to chemical energy?
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Q: How does the plant convert light
energy to chemical energy?
A: Through the process of
photosynthesis
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What is the equation for photosynthesis?
CO2 + H2O C6H12O6 + O26 66light
Carbon dioxide + Water Glucose + Oxygen
Can you balance it?
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What does photosynthesis require?
Photosynthesis requires:
1. Carbon dioxide
2. Water
3. Sunlight
4. Chlorophyll contained in the chloroplasts of the plant cells.
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Storing the chemical energy
• The glucose made in photosynthesis is used for growth, repair and respiration by the plant.
• Extra glucose is stored as starch.
• This is what we usually eat (e.g. potato, rice, wheat).
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How does photosynthesis relate to respiration?
Respiration is the opposite to photosynthesis, releasing energy from glucose and oxygen:
Photosynthesis:
Carbon dioxide + Water Glucose + Oxygen
Respiration:
Glucose + Oxygen Carbon dioxide + Water
energy in
energy out
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Past paper questions
Answer the past paper questions
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1 Choose from the following list the correct products of photosynthesis.A water and carbon dioxide B glucose and carbon dioxideC glucose and oxygenD water and carbon dioxide
Plenary Quiz
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1 Choose from the following list the correct products of photosynthesis.A water and carbon dioxide B glucose and carbon dioxideC glucose and oxygenD water and carbon dioxide
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2 In plants starch is used:A to make flowers colourful.B as a store of energy.C to absorb water from the soil.D to make leaves green.
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2 In plants starch is used:A to make flowers colourful.B as a store of energy.C to absorb water from the soil.D to make leaves green.
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3 Starch is part of a balanced diet because:A it is needed for strong bones and teeth.B it helps the digestive system remain healthy.C it is a source of energy.D it is needed for growth and repair of cells.
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3 Starch is part of a balanced diet because:A it is needed for strong bones and teeth.B it helps the digestive system remain healthy.C it is a source of energy.D it is needed for growth and repair of cells.