engaging students with online videos do students learn better with online videos?

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Engaging students with online videos Do students learn better with online videos?

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Engaging students with online videos

Do students learn better with online videos?

Learn Liberty

• Are poor getting poorer?

What is Learn Liberty?

• LearnLiberty.Org• “A resource for exploring the ideas of a free society” • Short educational video clips • Theoretical explanation and opinion piece offered by professors in a range of

academic disciplines.• Majority of the videos begin with an introduction by narrator and continue

with short animation explaining the concepts discussed. • Each clip is approximately 3 to 4 minutes long, contains closed captions, and a

transcript of the narrator’s speech.

Subject areas

• Economics • Public Policy • Political science• History • Law • Philosophy

Economics topics

• Minimum wage • Social security • Drug prohibition • Coase theorem • Marginal costs • Unintended consequences• Opportunity cost • Cost of higher education • Price mechanisms

• Deficits and Debts • Inequality • The invisible hand • Trade • Immigration

Anecdotal evidence

• Students reciting narrator • I remember, the three D! (Property rights should be well Defined, Divisible,

and Defendable) • Minimum wage benefits most productive worker and hurts least productive

worker

• Students answer LL questions better than other questions • Students can remember “answers” at the end of the semester

Video assignments

• In-class• Discussion questions after• Homework/in-class questions after

• Discussion • Most students give same answers • Good grades! • Not much of critical thinking

• Homework • Good grades! • Not much of critical thinking

Experiment

• Introduction to economics • 31 enrolled in face-to-face class • 45 enrolled in online class • Non-majors• Mostly Sophomores and Juniors

Experiment

Face to face class • Minimum wage • Lecture +in class

• Common resources • Lecture & Homework assignment

• Drug prohibition • Lecture

• Coase theorem• LL video during class + in class

Online class • Minimum wage • LL Video as a Homework assignment

• Common resources • LL Video as a Homework assignment

• Drug prohibition • LL Video as a Homework assignment

• Coase theorem• Lecture

Introduction to Economics. Dr. Mariya Burdina

• What if minimum wage was increased to $12 an hour? • Employer will have to pay $12 to those that work for him • Employer will have to pay $0 to those that don’t

• Example: Burger Joint • Price of each burger = $.10 • Al can flip 100 burgers an hour, Bob can cook 120 burgers an hour and Carl can cook 90

burgers an hour

Minimum wage

Introduction to Economics. Dr. Mariya Burdina

Productivity

Al 100

Bob 120

Carl 90

Minimum wage

Revenue

$10

$12

$9

Cost

$8

$8

$8

Profit

$2

$4

$1

Cost

$9.50

$9.50

$9.50

Profit

$0.50

$2.50

-$.50

Who was increase of minimum wage good for?

Introduction to Economics. Dr. Mariya Burdina

• First lesson of minimum wage: It doesn’t help the worker at the expense of the owner; it helps the more productive workers at the expense of the less productive workers.• Do more productive workers need help? • With time owner would have to reward Bob’s higher productivity with a

raise, or owner’s competitors would have offered Bob more money to go work for them. • Eventually Bob would have ended up earning more anyway.• Second lesson of the minimum wage: Many of the workers that it does help

would have ended up better off anyway, even if the minimum wage hadn’t existed

Minimum wage

Homework/In class

• What are the reasons for a country to have a minimum wage law? • What is the current minimum wage

in US? What about Oklahoma? • Who do minimum wage laws help? • Who do minimum wage laws hurt? • What will happen to US

unemployment rate if minimum wage laws were removed? • In your opinion, should US keep

minimum wage laws? Explain your point of view.

Midterm

• Who benefits and who gets hurt from minimum wage? Explain. • What will happen to

unemployment rate if government decides to increase minimum wage? Explain. • Describe an alternative policy to

increase in the minimum wage. Why do you think this policy is better? What are the possible unintended consequences of this policy?

Results Score averages Face-to-face Online Mean St. Dev Min Mean St. Dev MinCommon resources

7.68 3.450

8.19 3.270

Minimum Wage 7.39 2.16

18.17 1.79

2

Coase Theorem 7.23 2.22

27.90 1.92

2

Drug Prohibition8.84 1.66

39.07 1.62

4

Midterm 7.4 1.23

5.337.33 1.28

5.23

Other questions74.2 12.15

5075.4 15.2

21

Results

• Adjusted score averages

Face-to-face Online Mean St. Dev Mean St. Dev

Common resources2.60 1.75 2.93 1.67

Minimum Wage1.90 1.24 2.33 1.36

Coase Theorem1.77 1.36 2.07 1.49

Drug Prohibition3.03 1.33 3.12 1.27

Online vs. F-t-F Online vs. F-t-F Adjusted scores

Common resources 0.642 0.798Minimum Wage 1.642 1.405Coase Theorem 1.357 0.902Drug Prohibition 0.600 0.275

Table 3. T-stats comparing online and face-to-face class

L.L. vs. other questions (Online)

1.565

2.409*

0.461

5.350*

L.L. vs. other questions (f-t-f)

0.365

-0.112

-1.555

3.758*

H 0: μ 1 = μ 2 H a : μ 1 ≠ μ 2

Why no results?

• Small sample• Difference in class setting • Difference in topics • Take home exam

Benefits

• Saves class time • Good for class preparation • Good for visual and audio learners • Attention catching • Encourages discussion• Students’ attitudes: • 63% of students prefer these assignments to other • 85% think they learned from the videos

Downsides

• Students are reciting the material • Discuss in class or online

• Inability to answer questions not covered in the video• Feedback

• Short videos with fast talking speakers • Assign as a homework and make available online

• Libertarian view of the problem • Other videos, additional explanations

• Broken Links

Success formula

• Mix it up • Lecture + homework or discussion• Explain during the lecture + video

• Lecture + In class assignments• Show in class + add discussion points

Questions? Suggestions? Concerns?