engaging the older participant
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Engaging the older participantBob Laventure BHF National Centre for Physical Activity and Health, Loughborough University
Untapped Markets – Ageing & Rehabilitation
Engaging the older participant
Bob LaventureBHF National Centre for Physical Activity and
Health, Loughborough University and Later Life Training Ltd
Engaging the older participant - overview of presentation
• Who are we targeting and why?• What are the messages they want to hear and see?• Using the evidence – keeping the customer satisfied• What else do we need to do?
To reach and retain this untapped market
Source: State of the Industry Report 2007
BHF NC at Loughborough UniversityEstablished 2000 - What we do
• Professional support• On-line tools and guidance • One-stop shop for
information - fact sheets, briefings
• Turning evidence into practice e.g. “what works”
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- Our core business
The Later Life Training continuum
• Exercise for the Prevention of Falls & Injuries in Frailer Older People (PSI L4)
• Exercise and Fitness After Stroke (EFS L4)
• Otago Exercise Leaders Award (OEP L2)
• Chair-based Exercise Leaders Award (CBE)Underpinned by motivational and engagement theory “Someone Like Me” and “Motivate Me and a
range of CPD programmes
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Top 10 trends in active ageing
• More wellness programmes
• More wellness professionals
• Convergence of rehabilitation and wellness
• Rejection of stereotypes of ageing
• Increase in energy boosting solutions
• Redefinition of retirement
• Technology, technology, technology
• Healthier older adult market
• Growth of “green exercise”
• Age friendly cities (ICAA 2011)
1. Who are we targeting and why?
• If there‘s no such thing as an “older consumer” - how should we differentiate?
• Health and functional status?• Disease/referral pathway• Spending power• Life-stage• Stages of or readiness to change• More detailed market segmentation e.g.
Sport England
Which older people?
• Entering old age(To promote and extend healthy and active life and
to compress morbidity)• Transitional phase(To identify emerging problems ahead of crisis and
ensure effective responses which will prevent crisis and reduce long term dependency)
• Frail older people(Anticipate and respond to problems and recognise..
Interaction of physical, mental and social care factors)
(The National Service Frameworkfor Older People DOH 2001)
Hierarchy of physical function
(World Health Organization, 1997)
Physicallyfit
Physicallyunfit
PhysicallyUnfit/frail
Healthy
Unhealthy independent
Unhealthy dependent
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Disease/referral pathways
• Let’s Get Moving (DH) - Primary care physical activity pathway
• Prevention and treatment e.g. Obesity, type 2 diabetes
• Disease specific (post event e.g. MI, fall or fracture, stroke)
• Dementia pathways• NB Medical model - about patients
Life stage and status
• Still in work (2nd & 3rd careers)• Part-time work (later retirement)• Empty nesting• Caring (grandchildren and own parents)• Volunteering and lifelong learning• Saga travel/leisure lifestyles• Singles (divorced or widowed)
New generations but wealthier ?
50+ is a society of two halves – the health/wealth gap is widening
• 50+ spend £240 B per annum – 40% of total consumer spending
• Personal disposable income of £205 per week.
• 50 – 65s spend £2,761 per annum on leisure, under 30s - £1,679
• BUT 31% of those retired, survive on less than £10 K a year.
(Family Expenditure Survey 1999 – 2000)
Stages or readiness to change
• Those most in need/at risk least likely to – couch potato?
• The tryers, planners who want help to “fit it in, tips, strategies to try
• Tipping the balance with those with favourable attitudes
• Relapsed – returners (boomers have experienced Sport for All)
2. The messages they want to hear and see?
• NB They know it’s good for them and the health benefits!
• But is it right for me at my time of life? e.g. Energy boosting
• I can see myself doing that• I will feel good (immediate and long term)• I will get better – what does that mean ? restored
confidence in themselves e.g. Sex life, ability to do X
Tailored for me?
What else do they want to hear?
• They want a choice (control) nb. alternatives Green/blue prescription/gym
• Encouragement to try• They will get personal attention and guidance
from “someone who knows” (John Lewis)• They will be with others• They will get support (significant others)
Who are the significant others
• An authority e.g. The GP?• Family• Friends, acquaintances and peers• Gym membership is not the social
norm (what happened with fair trade coffee?)
• The instructor is a significant other (authority and supporter)
They want to feel safe and secure
• Exercise has a bad press/reputation• The evidence is otherwise• “Gentle exercise mafia”• Chair based exercise - the default mode
for older people (stereotype)• Might make things worse or overdo it• Access to your programme• New guidelines will present a challenge
(Strength and balance)
What else do they want to hear?
• What has meaning in later life?• Play with the grandchildren• Get out and about• Stay in touch with people• Look after someone else (and
themselves)• Anti-ageing or active ageing?
LLT Motivati 19
Gender differences - older women
• Relationships strong motivator• Previous history (esp. childhood) important• The future is uncertain, so immediate
benefits please !• Caring for and supporting others• “Vulnerable” starters/newcomers, lacking
in confidence• Aerobic activity
Women’s Sports Foundation (2006)
Gender differences – older men
• Men more motivated by competition, striving and challenge
• Strength• How to replace loss (masculinity?)• Health denial?• Differences significant at retirement
(Sport England 2009)
Self-determination theory and motivation
• Activities that offer• Competence• Autonomy• Independence• Social wellbeing• Belonging
Ryan, RM. & Deci, E.L. (2000).
Evidence on motivation
Key motivations for older people to take up strength and balance training exercises?
• thinking you are the kind of person who should do these activities (self efficacy)
• thinking other people think you should do these exercises (social support and approval)
• believing that these activities would be enjoyable (mastery and control)
(Yardley 2007)
3. Using the evidence – keeping the customer satisfied
• We understand quite a lot about helping people change
• Health outcomes/financial targets can only be achieved by physical activity maintenance (6 months and beyond)
• But we cherry pick the evidenceBoth programmes and process
LLT Motivation 24
Programmes and interventions - what works ?
• Effective interventions for older people• Population wide• Programme design• 0ne to one
(Owen. N 1994, Sallis J. 1998 NICE 2007)
• Components of best practice
www.bhfactive.org.uk
Quick wins? How long does it take?
• Balance - Static and dynamic (8 weeks+)• Gait (8 weeks)• Muscle strength (8 - 12 weeks) • Muscle power (12 weeks)• Postural Hypotension (24 weeks)• Transfer (6 months)• Falls (9 months) • Endurance (26 weeks)• Bone strength 1 year for femur and lumbar
spine (Skelton 2006)
What does the evidence say? - 2Successful interventions - older people
• Programmes and reviews• Otago (Campbell et al 2001) • CHAMPS (Stewart et al 2001)• Fame (Skelton et al 2005)• NICE (2005)• Cochrane review (Ashworth
et al 2005)• Guralnik et al (2006)• Stathi et al (2010)
• Findings• Cognitive behavioural
components - education is insufficient
• Centre-based interventions provide greater fitness and functional outcomes in the short term
• Home based superior in longer term interventions
• Follow up and support is required to sustain behaviour
Agile 2010 26
Fame – Cognitive behavioural strategies employed
• Education - benefits to ADLs, everyday lifeo Purpose of exercises and regularity
• Follow up of non-attendance• Exercise diary completed weekly• Buddying within classes including use of transport
and getting to the class• Naming the group “Fallen Angels Club”
o Met every two months in Starbucks, Oxford Street, London.
• Towards end of interventiono Newsletter / Social events, produced/organised by the
participants (Skelton 2005)
Otago Falls preventionIndividually tailored programme: Campbell, BMJ 1997
-80+ years, n=233, home-based, physiotherapist -ankle, leg and hip strength, balance, gait, transfers
-1 year, falls 32%, injuries 39%
Nurse delivered programme at home: Robertson, BMJ 2001-75+ years, n= 240, home, district nurse-1 year, falls 46%, serious injuries and hospital costs
Nurse programme at GP centres: Robertson, BMJ 2001-80+ years, n=450, general practice nurse-1 year, falls 30%, injuries 28%
Otago programme essentials
• Delivered at home or in groups by a trained OEP leader
• Lower limb muscle strength and balance exercises individually tailored from a set programme
• Frequency - 3 x p/w• Intensity - Moderate• Duration - 30 mins• Progressive• + Walking (30 mins x 2 p/w)
Otago Exercise programme
Component 1 – 5 Warm Up ExercisesComponent 2 – 5 Strength training exercisesComponent 3 – 12 balance exercisesComponent 4 - Walking
Component 5 Exercise Schedule
Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 ……
12
Week 1 2 4 8
Home Exercise Visits
Telephone follow up
Effectiveness – using all the evidence
• We concentrate on the exercise prescription (FIT) at the expense of
• The cognitive behavioural e.g. Increasing self-efficacy Support strategies e.g. Peers/buddies or professionals,
• Goal setting and review, education and problem solving, communication
(NICE 2007, BHF NC 2008) Problem? some components demand resources,
cost money
LIFE – P programme
• Standardised 12 month programme• Delivered in leisure centres and
fitness/health clubs. • three phases:
Adoption (weeks 1–8) Transition (weeks 9–24) Maintenance (weeks 25 to 52).
• Different strategies required at each stage(Espelande et al 2007)
Adoption phase 1- 8 weeks
• Getting started – 1st steps• Just getting there• To establish physical activity behaviour • build confidence and a sense of attachment to
the programme• Activities designed with social involvement and
enjoyment as a priority • stimulate improvements in physical activity and
fitness (early wins)
1st experiences
• NB 50% of referrals don’t turn up!• Following major event, MI, Fall, Stroke
(denial/fear)• To overcome nervousness (the unknown)• Welcome and induction – how?• The instructor - an authority? – do they
know what they are doing• Familiarity - routines, exercises
Transition phase (9 – 24 weeks)
• Add a programme of bi weekly social and educational sessions
• Emphasis on lifestyle behaviour change• Learning strategies and peer led solutions • Build social interaction and group identity• Re-enforcing physical activity and
behaviour change• Learning to exercise
Maintenance phase 25 – 52 weeks
• Continued access to centre-based sessions ... and
• Encourage sustained home-based activity and closer connections with activity opportunities in local neighbourhoods.
• Support from community activators (peers)
• Anticipate relapse (it’s normal)• Sustaining to maintenace
4. What else do we need to do?
• Age friendly facilities and equipment• Age friendly programmes• Age friendly workforce skills
Age Friendly Facilities
• Feeling comfortable in the environment • Somewhere to sit out or rest • Music! Music! Music!• Visual acuity- signage• Who will help me, personal attention• Social activities (golf club as the model?)
Use mystery shoppers and learning from Inclusive Fitness Initiative
(ICAA 2008)
Age friendly equipment
• Display panels, easy to read, change• Low starting speeds (0.5 mph)• Minimal pre-programmed workouts• Access to weight machines for those with
functional limitations• Low starting resistance• Small (1lb?) incremental increases in weight • Stable seating and support rails
(ICAA 2008)
Age friendly programmes
• Senior specific or integrated?• Educational opportunities, newsletters• Customer care and support• Accessible for those with conditions e.g.
balance abnormalities• Advice on nutrition, pain management,
stress management• Older, older people (80+)
Age friendly workforce skills
• Communication skills• Programming skills• Personal training skills• Certified by training organisation to
work with conditions e.g Osteoporosis
• Ongoing support, e.g. telephone contact, follow up
Communication with the older customer
• Language and jargon• Information processing speed and
learning• Understanding motivation• Technology• Instructions, learning re-
enforcement, new skills, movements
What is the USP of the fitness industry?
What do you offer that the older person can’t get anywhere else?
Why would they want/need it?
A date for your diary !
The 8th World Congress on Active AgeingSECC – Glasgow
August 13th – 17th 2012Will I see you there ?
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Thank you for listening
www.bhfactive.org.ukwww.wcaa2012.com
www.active-ageing-events.org.uk