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B B1B006 Total Pages:3

Page 1 of 3

Reg. No.__________ Name:________________________

APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY FIRST SEMESTER B.TECH DEGREE EXAMINATION, JANUARY 2017

Course Code: CY 100 Course Name: ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY

Max.Marks : 100 Duration: 3 Hours

PART-A

Answer all Questions. Each question carries 2 marks.

1. Which of the following molecules can give IR absorption? Give reason.

a) O2 b) HCl c) N2 d) CO2

2. What do you mean by single electrode potential?

3. The Specific conductance of a decinormal solution of KCl at 180C is 0.0112ohm-1cm-1. The

resistance of the cell containing the solution at 180C was found to be 55 Ω. What is cell

constant?

4. What is Poly aniline? Give its Structure.

5. What is Octane number?

6. Define Viscosity index.

7. Calculate the hardness of 0.05M CaCl2 solution.

8. What do you understand by hard water and soft water? Give the causes of hardness.

PART-B Answer all Questions. Each question carries 3marks.

9. The fundamental vibrational frequency of CO is 2140cm-1. Calculate force constant of the

bonds if reduced mass of CO is 1.14 x 10-26 Kg.

10. What is electrochemical series? Give its two applications.

11. What are the methods employed for visualization of spots in TLC

12. Write the structural formula of the following polymers

i) Kevlar ii ) Polybutadiene iii) ABS

13. What is Biodiesel? How it is prepared? Give its two advantages.

14. Explain the following i) Aniline point ii) Flash point

15. Explain breakpoint of chlorination.

16. Differentiate between aerobic and anaerobic oxidation.


Page 2 of 3

PART-C

17. a) Explain Spin-Spin splitting .Write the splitting patternin theNMR spectrum of

CH2Cl – CH2 –CH2Cl.

b) Explain the various modes of vibrations possible for H2O. Which of them are IR active?

Give reasons.

c) A solution shows a transmittance of 20 % when taken in a cell of 2.5cm thickness.Calculate

its concentration if the molar absorption coefficient is 12000 dm2mol-1 (4+3+3)

OR

18. a) What is Chemical Shift? Explain Shielding and Deshielding

b) Give a neat labelled sketch of UV-Visible Spectrometer.

(6+4)

19. a) Explain the Construction and Working of Lithium ion cell

b) Explain with a suitable example, the variation of EMF of a cell with temperature.

c) Derive Nernst equation for electrode potential. (5+2+3)

OR

20. a) Potential of H2 electrode set up in an acid solution of unknown strength is 0.295 volts at 250c

when coupled with SHE.Find the pH of the solution.

b) What do you mean by potentiometric titrations? Explain the principle of Redox titration by

potentiometric method.

c) Write the electrode reaction and expression for electrode potential of the following

electrodes.

i) Metal- Metal ion electrode ii) Gas electrode

iii) Redox electrode (2+5+3)

21. a) What is thermal analysis? List two techniques of it. Compare their principles.

b) Explain the principle, instrumentation and application of HPLC. (5+5)

OR

22. a) Differentiate between DTA thermogram and TGA thermogram graphically. Give one

important application of each type.

b) State the Principle, Instrumentation and Applications of GC. (5+5)

23. a) What is Silicon rubber?How it is prepared? List two important applications.

b) Write notes on fullerenes.


Page 3 of 3

c) What are carbon nanotubes? How are they classified? State their two applications. (4+3+3)

OR

24. a) What are conducting polymers? Write the structure of two conducting polymers and give their

method of preparation.

b) Write a note on OLED.

c) What are copolymers? Give two examples. (5+3+2)

25. a) Explain knocking of Diesel.

b) On burning 0.83 g of a solid fuel in a bomb calorimeter, the temperature of 3500g of water

increased from 26.5 to 29.20C Water equivalent of calorimeter and latent heat of steam are

385g and 587cal/g respectively. If the fuel contains 0.7% hydrogen calculate HCV and LCV of

the fuel.

c) Distinguish between Flash and Fire point and write their significance. (3+4+3)

OR

26. a) Describe how calorific value of a fuel is determined using a Bomb Calorimeter experiment.

b) Distinguish between HCV and LCV and derive the relation between them.

(5+5)

27. a) Describe EDTA method for the estimation of hardness of water.

b) 1.0 g of CaCO3 was dissolved in HCl and diluted to 1litre.50ml of this standard hard water

requires 48 ml of EDTA while 50 ml of hard water sample requires 15ml of EDTA. On the

other hand 50ml of boiled hard water sample requires 10ml of EDTA solution. Calculate total,

temporary and permanent hardness of water. (5+5)

OR

28. a)With the help of a neat diagram explain the Reverse Osmosis process.

b) Explain Trickling filter process.

c) A water sample contains Ca(HCO3)2=6.48ppm,CaSO4=8.16ppm, MgSO4=6ppm. Find its

temporary and permanent hardness.

(At.Wt. of Ca=40, Mg=24, C=12, S=32, O=16,H=1) (4+3+3)

B2 B2B2006

Page 1 of 2

Total Pages: 2 Reg No.:_______________ Name:_____________________

APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

FIRST/SECOND SEMESTER B.TECH DEGREE EXAMINATION, JULY 2017

Course Code: CY100

Course Name: ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY

Max. Marks: 100 Duration: 3 Hours PART A

Answer all questions, each carries 2 marks.

1 Which of the following nuclei do not show NMR spectrum? why? 1H, 12C, 19F,16O,14N

2 Calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction, Zn + Cd2+ (aq)

Zn2+(aq)+Cd, E0 cell is 0.36V at 250C

3 What is meant by Rf in chromatography? What is its use?

4 What is ABS polymer? Give two important uses.

5 Write two advantages of CNG over gasoline.

6 What is the need of determining aniline point of a lubricant?

7 Distinguish between carbonate hardness and non-carbonate hardness of water.

8 Why is hardness of water expressed in terms of CaCO3 equivalent?

PART B

Answer all questions, each carries 3 marks.

9 List the electronic transitions possible when UV light is absorbed by the

following molecules.

i) CH4 ii) CH3Cl iii) HCHO

10 You are provided with a zinc container and silver container. Which container can

be used to store CuSO4 solution? Give reason with proper chemical explanation.

11 A conductivity cell is found to have two parallel plates of area 1.5cm2 kept at

9.8cm apart. It gives a resistance 1500ohm when filled with the electrolytic

solution. Find the cell constant and conductivity of the solution.

12 Howis silicone rubber prepared from dimethyl silicon chloride?Write the

chemical reaction and two uses of silicone rubber.

13 Explain why graphite is employed as a lubricant.

14 What is the principle involved in the determination of calorific value ofa solid

fuel using bomb calorimeter?

15 What is brackish water? Explain the procedure for converting brackish water into

pure water?

16 A water sample contains 272mg CaSO4per litre. Calculate the hardness in terms

of CaCO3 equivalent.

PART C

Each question carries 10 marks.

17 a) Predict the number of signals in the NMR spectrum of the following compounds?

i) Cyclobutane ii) 1,2- Dichloro ethane iii) 2-Chloropropane iv) Vinyl chloride

(4)

B2 B2B2006

Page 2 of 2

b) Draw the structure of the following compounds satisfying the given NMR

spectral data: -

i) C3H7Cl – one doublet (6H) and one septet (1H)

ii) C4H10O- one singlet (3H), one doublet (6H) and one septet (1H)

(6)

OR

18 a) a) Write the principle behind IR spectroscopy b) How will you distinguish

between intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonding using IR

spectroscopy?

(5)

b) What are the different kinds of electronic transitions possible in organic

molecules? Give two applications of UV-Visible spectroscopy.

(5)

19 a) Calculate the potential of a Cu electrode dipped in 0.206M CuSO4solution at 240

C. E0Cuis 0.34 V.

(4)

b) Explain the working of H2-O2fuel cell with a neat diagram (6)

OR

20 a) How can the standard electrode potential of Zn electrode be measured using a

saturated calomel electrode? Draw the experimental set up for this.

(5)

b) Explain the working of Li ion battery. Write the electrode reactions. (5)

21 Write the principle and instrumentation of TGA and HPLC. (10)

OR

22 a) Describe the following: -

i) Retention volume ii) Retention time iii) Elution in chromatography.

(6)

b) List out two applications of DTA and TGA. (4)

23 a) Explain the chemical synthesis of poly aniline. Write three applications of poly

aniline.

(5)

b) What is Kevlar? Explain the exceptional properties of Kevlar based on the

structure.

(5)

OR

24 a) What are carbon nanotubes? How are they classified? Give two applications. (5)

b) Explain the following methods for the preparation of nanomaterials: -

i) Hydrolysis ii) Reduction

(5)

25 a) Give the composition, properties and advantages of natural gas. (4)

b) Write a short note on knocking of liquid fuels. (6)

OR

26 Describe any five properties of lubricants with their significance. (10)

27 a) Explain ion-exchange process of softening water. (7)

b) Write three differences between aerobic oxidation and anaerobic oxidation of

sewage.

(3)

OR

28 100ml water sample required 13.5ml 0.02M EDTA solution for hardness

estimation. Another 100ml water sample from the same source was boiled and

removed precipitate by filtration. This filtrate required 6ml 0.02M EDTA for

titration. Calculate total hardness, permanent hardness and temporary hardness of

water sample.

(10)

****

B B7024

Page 1 of 2

Total Pages: 2

Reg No.:_______________ Name:__________________________


FIRST SEMESTER B.TECH DEGREE EXAMINATION, DECEMBER 2017

Course Code: CY100


Max. Marks: 100 Duration: 3 Hours

PART A

Answer all questions, each question carries 2 marks

1 Calculate the fundamental vibrational frequency HCl molecule, if the value of

force constant of the molecule is 483 Nm-1. The atomic masses are 1H = 1.673 x 10-27 kg and 35Cl = 58.06 x 10-27 kg.

2

2 Represent electrode reactions at different electrodes of a Li –ion cell during

discharging.

2

3 Distinguish between retention factor and retention time in chromatography 2

4 What is ABS? How is it prepared? 2

5 Define a) Octane number and b) Cetane number. 2

6 Calculate the theoretical GCV of a petroleum fuel with composition C= 84%, H=

15% , O= 0.4%, N= 0.3% and S=0.3%

2

7 Give the principle of reverse osmosis? 2

8 Calculate the BOD of a water sample containing 75 mg of carbohydrate (CH2O)

per litre.

2

PART B

Answer all questions, each question carries 3 marks

9 State and explain Beer- Lamberts law. Mention any two limitations of the law. 3

10 A zinc rod is dipped 0.3 M CuSO4 solution. Displacement reactions take place

and allowed to attain equilibrium. Find the equilibrium constant of the reaction.

[Given that E0Cu2+/Cu = +0.34V and E0

Zn2+/Zn = -0.76V.

3

11 Explain the visualisation techniques in TLC. 3

12 Explain the synthesis and applications of polypyrrole. 3

13 On burning 0.75g of fuel in a bomb calorimeter, the temperature of 2000g of

water increases from 27.0 oC to 29.8 oC. The water equivalent of calorimeter and

latent heat of steam are 385.0g and 587.0 cal/g respectively. If the fuel contains

0.9% hydrogen, calculate its gross and net calorific values.

3

14 Write a short note on biodiesel. 3

15 Illustrate break point chlorination with the help of suitable graph. Give any two

advantages of break point chlorination.

3

16 Briefly explain the UASB process for sewage water treatment. 3

PART C


17 a) Outline the principles of IR spectroscopy. 5

b) How will you distinguish ethanol and dimethyl ether using NMR spectroscopy? 5

B B7024

Page 2 of 2

OR

18 a) Define chemical shift in NMR spectroscopy. Also explain the factors influencing

chemical shift.

5

b) Discuss the possible electronic transitions in acetaldehyde. 5

19 a) Outline the setting up of a calomel electrode with a neat diagram. 5

b) How will you employ the calomel electrode for the determination of electrode

potential of copper and zinc?

5

OR

20 a) Explain the working and electrode reactions in H2-O2 fuel cells. 5

b) Give the procedure for potentiometric estimation of an alkali using a standard

acid.

5

21 Explain the principles, instrumentation, working and applications of TGA. 10

OR

22 Explain the principles, instrumentation, working and applications of HPLC. 10

23 a) Briefly outline chemical synthesis of nanoparticles. 5

b) What are conducting polymers? Briefly explain their classification. 5

OR

24 a) Discuss the classification of nanomaterials. 5

b) Outline the preparation, properties and application of silicone rubbers. 5

25 Discuss the determination of calorific value of a fuel using a bomb calorimeter. 10

OR

26 a) What are lubricants? How are they classified? 5

b) Briefly outline following properties of lubricants a) viscosity index b) flash and

fire points.

5

27 Describe the EDTA method for determination of Hardness of water. 10

OR

28 a) What is meant by COD? How it is determined? Explain its significance in sewage

treatment.

5

b) A sample of water on analysis gave the following results: Ca2+ = 200 mg/L, Mg2+

= 180 mg/L, HCO3- = 360 mg/L, Na+ = 80 mg/L and Cl- = 200 mg/L. Calculate

the temporary, permanent and total hardness of the sample.

5

****

B B2802 Pages: 2

Page 1 of 2

Reg No.:_______________ Name:__________________________


FIRST/SECOND SEMESTER B.TECH DEGREE EXAMINATION, APRIL 2018

Course Code: CY100


Max. Marks: 100 Duration: 3 Hours PART A

Answer all questions, each question carries 2 marks Marks

1. How many signals are observed in the 1H NMR spectrum of Cl-CH2-CH2-Cl? Substantiate your answer.

(2)

2. Draw a schematic, neatly labelled diagram of Saturated Calomel Electrode. (2)

3. Define Rf value of a compound. (2)

4. Give any two applications of carbon nanotubes. (2)

5. Suggest any two methods for increasing the octane number of a fuel. (2)

6. Comment on the significance of viscosity index of a lubricant. (2)

7. What are ion exchange resins? Give one example. (2)

8. State the importance of measuring dissolved oxygen in water. (2)

PART B Answer all questions, each question carries 3 marks

9. Calculate the molar absorptivity of 0.5x10-3M dye solution in ethanol, which shows an absorbance of 0.17, when 1.3cm cuvette is used.

(3)

10. Describe the principle and working of glass electrode. Give the standard representation.

(3)

11. List out any three important applications of HPLC. (3)

12. Explain the preparation and properties of Kevlar. (3)

13. How is aniline point determined? (3)

14. What are biofuels? Comment on their environmental benefits. (3)

15. Suggest an anaerobic process for the treatment of waste water. Explain the principle. (3)

16. Explain temporary hardness of water. How is it removed? (3)

PART C Answer all questions, each question carries 10 marks

17. a) Sketch the modes of vibrations possible for CO2. Which are IR active? Give

reason.

(4)

b) Explain spin-spin splitting in the 1HNMR spectrum of ethanol. (6)

OR

18. a) What are the various electronic transitions possible for a molecule? (4)

b) Discuss the instrumentation of UV spectroscopy with labelled sketch. (6)

19. a) Explain how the single electrode potential of an electrode is determined using (5)

B B2802 Pages: 2

Page 2 of 2

standard hydrogen electrode, with a suitable example.

b) Discuss the working of Li-ion cell with electrode reactions. (5)

OR

20. a) Derive Nernst equation for Daniel cell. Explain the significance. (6)

b) Calculate the emf of the cell Fe/Fe2+(0.01)//Ag+(0.1)/Ag at 298K if standard

electrode potentials of Fe and Ag are –0.42V and 0.8V respectively.

(4)

21. a) Illustrate the instrumentation of DTA. Mention the advantages compared to

TGA.

(6)

b) Explain with an example how TG data is used to determine the composition of

binary mixtures?

(4)

OR

22. a) Explain the principle and instrumentation of gas chromatography. (5)

b) Interpret the TGA curve of calcium oxalate monohydrate. (5)

23. a) Write a short note on OLED. (5)

b) Describe any two methods for the preparation of nanomaterials. (5)

OR

24. a) Discuss the structure and properties of BS and ABS. (5)

b) Explain the synthesis and applications of silicone rubber. (5)

25. a) Differentiate between:

i) Flash point and Fire point ii) Cloud point and Pour point

(6)

b) On burning 0.95g of a solid fuel (H = 5%) in a bomb calorimeter, the

temperature of 700g water increased by 2.48oC. Water equivalent of calorimeter

and latent heat of steam are 2000g and 587cal/g respectively. Calculate HCV and

LCV.

(4)

OR

26. a) How lubricants are classified based on physical state? Explain with examples. (7)

b) Compare CNG and LNG. (3)

27. a) Detailthe principle and advantages of UV disinfection of water. (4)

b) Define BOD. How is it determined? Give the significance. (6)

OR

28. a) Explain the trickling filter process used in sewage water treatment. (5)

b) A water sample from an industry had the following data: Mg(HCO3)2 =

16.8mg/L, MgCl2 = 19 mg/L, CaCO3 = 20 mg/L and MgSO4 = 24.0 mg/L.

Calculate the temporary, permanent and total hardness of the water sample.

(5)

****

B B2101 Pages: 2

Page 1 of 2

Reg No.:_______________ Name:__________________________


FIRST/SECOND SEMESTER B.TECH DEGREE EXAMINATION, JULY 2018

Course Code: CY100



PART A

Answer all questions, each carries 2 marks Marks

1 HCl is IR active but N2 is not. Why? (2)

2 List out the advantages of fuel cell. (2)

3 What are the visualisation techniques used in TLC for colourless compounds? (2)

4 Give the structure of ABS polymer. List two properties. (2)

5 What are the functions of lubricants? (2)

6 Indicate the significances of flash and fire points. (2)

7 A sample of water contains 325 mg of MgSO4 per litre. Calculate the hardness in

terms of CaCO3 equivalents. (Equivalent weight of MgSO4= 60).

(2)

8 Briefly explain any one method for disinfection of water. (2)

PART B

Answer all questions, each carries 3 marks

9 Distinguish between absorption spectrum andemission spectrum. (3)

10 Calculate the emf of the following cell, Zn(s)/Zn2+(0.3M)//Ag+(0.04 M)/Ag(s) at

25ºC. Write the cell reaction. The E0cell is 1.56 V at 25ºC.

(3)

11 Define retention factor and retention time. (3)

12 Brief out fullerenes. Give two properties. (3)

13 Define Cetane number and indicate its significance. (3)

14 A Sample of coal contains: C = 70%, O = 14.7%, H = 10%, S = 5% and 0.3%

ash. Calculate GCV and NCV of coal using Dulong’s formula. Given latent heat

of steam=587cal/g.

(3)

15 What is the principle behind ion exchange process for softening of water? (3)

16 Define COD and comment on the significance of COD. (3)

PART C

Answer all questions, each carries 10 marks

17 a) Explain the basic principle and instrumentation of UV-Visible spectroscopy (5)

b) What is meant by spin-spin splitting? Predict the number of signals and splitting

pattern of the NMR spectrum of CH3CH2OH.

(5)

OR

18 a) State Beer-Lambert’s law. A solution shows a transmittance of 30%, when taken

in a cell of 4 cm thickness. Calculate the concentration of the solution, if the

molar absorption coefficient is 3000 dm3mol−1cm−1.

(5)

b) How many vibrational modes are possible for CO2 and H2O? Sketch the possible

vibrational modes for both.

(5)

19 a) Explain the working of calomel electrode with a neat sketch. (5)

B B2101 Pages: 2

Page 2 of 2

b) What is meant by potentiometric titration? Explain the principle of redox titration

by potentiometric method.

(5)

OR

20 a) Explain theworking of Lithium-ion cell. Give two applications. (5)

b) What is meant by single electrode potential? How is electrode potential

determined using SHE?

(5)

21 a) Describe the experimental determination of conductance of an electrolytic

solution.

(5)

b) Explain the working of DTA apparatus with a block diagram. (5)

OR

22 a) Discuss the principle behind gas chromatography. Write three differences

between GSC and GLC.

(5)

b) Explain the principle of HPLC and draw the schematic diagram of the

instrument.

(5)

23 a) What are conducting polymers? Give the preparation and applications of

polyaniline.

(5)

b) What are carbon nanotubes? How they are classified? List out two applications. (5)

OR

24 a) Discuss OLED. List out two advantages. (5)

b) Explain the classification of nanomaterials based on dimension with examples.

Discuss one chemical method for the preparation of nanomaterials.

(5)

25 a) What do you mean by viscosity index of lubricating oil? How is it determined? (5)

b) Define Calorific value of a fuel. Calculate the HCV and LCV of a coal sample

from the following data obtained from a bomb calorimeter. Weight of coal =0.83

g, weight of water in the calorimeter= 2500 g, water equivalent of calorimeter=

470 g, initial temperature =22 ºC and final temperature=26ºC, % of H= 3 and

latent heat of steam=587cal/g.

(5)

OR

26 a) Give an account of biodiesel. What are the advantages? (5)

b) What is grease? Explain the classification of grease. (5)

27 a) Comment on different types of hardness. Define two units to express hardness. (5)

b) Describe UASB process with a neat sketch. (5)

OR

28 a) What is desalination of water? Discuss reverse osmosis and its advantages. (5)

b) Standard hard water contains 5 g of CaCO3 per litre. 20 ml of this solution

required 48 ml of EDTA solution for titration. 20 ml of hard water sample

required 15 ml of EDTA solution for titration. 20 ml of the same water sample on

boiling, filtering etc. required 10 ml of EDTA solution. Calculate the temporary

and permanent hardness of water.

(5)

****

B B2B005 Pages: 2

Page 1 of 2

Reg. No.___________ Name:_______________________


SECOND SEMESTER B.TECH DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2017

Course Code: CY100



PART A

Answer all questions, each question carries 2 marks.

1. Chemical shift value of methyl chloride is lower compared to that of methyl fluoride.

Why?

2. Can a Ni spatula be used to stir CuSO4 solution? Give reason.

E0Ni= -0.23V, E0

Cu= 0.34V

3. Why TLC is superior to column chromatography for checking purity of a compound?

4. List out the advantages of OLEDs.

5. Write the chemical transformation of a vegetable oil to biodiesel.

6. Distinguish between flash point and fire point of a lubricant.

7. Calculate the hardness of a solution obtained by mixing 100ml 0.02M CaCl2 and 200ml

0.02M MgSO4 solutions.

8. What is the chemistry behind the removal of temporary hardness by boiling?

PART B

Answer all questions, each question carries 3 marks.

9. List all the electronic transitions possible for CH3Cl and HCHO.

10. Derive an expression connecting electrolytic concentration to electrode potential.

11. Compare HPLC and column chromatography.

12. Brief out the preparation of silicones.

13. Calculate GCV and NCV of butane using Dulong’s formula.

14. Based on the structure comment on the lubricating action of graphite.

15. Outline a process by which sea water can be made fit for domestic applications.

16. BOD is an index of organic load in waste water. Justify.

PART C


17. (a) Predict the splitting pattern in the nmr spectra of CH3CH2COOCH3and CH3CHCl2.

(b) The fundamental vibrational frequency of carbon monoxide (12C16O) is

2140 cm-1.Without calculating force constant, find the fundamental frequency of 13C17O in cm-1. [5+5]

OR

18. (a) Which among the following molecules will give n→π* transition.

C2H6, CH3CHO, C6H5CONH2, C2H5OH, C2H4. Rationalize your answer.

(b) Briefly explain chemical shift and factors affecting it. [5+5]

B B2B005 Pages: 2

Page 2 of 2

19. (a) O2+4H++4e → 2 H2O; E0= 1.23V. Find the electrode potential for pH=0 and

pH=14. Based on this, suggest the condition, (O2 rich acidic or O2 rich basic), leading

to the faster oxidation of Fe. Also given Fe2++2e → Fe; E0= -0.44V.

(b) Describe the working and advantages of H2 -O2 fuel cell. [5+5]

OR

20. (a) How can you estimate an acid using standard alkali with the help of a

potentiometer.

(b) Explain the working of a calomel electrode. [5+5]

21. (a) Compare the instrumentation and thermo grams of thermo gravimetric and

differential thermal analyses.

(b) What are the various steps involved in column chromatography? [5+5]

OR

22. (a) Write down the major applications of TGA and DTA.

(b) Detail the chromatographic technique used for the separation of components in a

volatile organic mixture. [5+5]

23. (a) Write the preparation and important properties of Kevlar and ABS.

(b) Describe two chemical methods of preparation of nanomaterials. [5+5]

OR

24. (a) Polypyrrole is a conducting polymer. Substantiate using its structure. Give the

preparation and applications of polypyrrole.

(b) Discuss carbon nanotubes. [5+5]

25. (a) Explain knocking in petrol engine and define the term used to express antiknocking

ability of fuels.

(b) What are greases? Which are the different types? Under what condition, greases are

preferred to liquid lubricants? [5+5]

OR

26. Describe the principle and working of a Bomb Calorimeter and arrive at an expression

for finding HCV of a solid fuel. [10]

27. (a) Explain the principle and calculations in EDTA method for estimating hardness of

a given sample of water.

(b) With the help of a neat diagram, briefly explain one aerobic process of sewage

treatment. [5+5]

OR

28. (a) Explain the action of Cl2 as a disinfectant. Mention the merits of breakpoint

chlorination.

(b) In an EDTA experiment, the following values are obtained. Calculate the different

types of hardness.

i) 20ml standard hard water (10g CaCO3 per litre) = 25ml EDTA solution

ii) 50ml hard water sample = 25ml EDTA solution

iii) 50ml boiled water sample = 14ml EDTA solution [5+5]

***

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