EngineeringManagement

Systems EngineeringManagement

MSE607BChapter 3

System Design Requirements

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Learning Objectives

Cover the design requirements through the development of specifications

Review some of the details as they pertain to individual design disciplines

Introduction to a select sample of disciplines Importance of design integration through

application of system engineering methods

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A Systems Engineer

A ‘big picture’ person• Focuses on stakeholder objectives• Takes Broad perspective• Nothing left out, detail oriented• Considers all contingencies

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Total System Design

Defined as:• “The systematic activity necessary, beginning with

identification of the user need to the selling and delivery of a product that will satisfy the need”

Encompasses product, process, people and organization

Evolve from initial identification of a need Developed through the accomplishment of

feasibility analysis Design activities are included within each of

the life cycle basic functions

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Development of Design Requirementsand “Design-To” Criteria

Define and allocate appropriate criteria for the system elements

Break down of the system into elements• Equipment• Software• People• Facilities• Data• Information

Specific, qualitative, quantitative

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Development of Specifications

Establish the criteria for judging the performance of the system

Determine whether the objectives of system are being achieved

Criterion include:• Qualitative

• Quantitative

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Development of Specifications (Cont’d)

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Integration of SystemDesign Activities

Based on the specification and established goals

Categories of engineering expertise identified for the design and development of the system depends on:• System nature and complexity• Size of the project

Highly dynamic, utilizing various specialties at various times

Requires understanding, appreciation, communications

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Selected Design Engineering Disciplines

Systems Engineering• Establishes the baseline system design

• Allocates system requirements

• Establishes measures of effectiveness for ranking alternative designs

• Integrates the design among the design disciplines

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Selected Design Engineering Disciplines (Cont’d)

Software Engineering Reliability Engineering Maintainability Engineering Human Factors Engineering Safety Engineering Security Engineering Manufacturing and Production Engineering Logistics and Supportability Engineering Disposability Engineering Quality Engineering Environmental Engineering Value/Cost Engineering

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Software Engineering

Application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software• The application of engineering to software

Best-practice processes used to create and/or maintain software

Is the establishment and use of sound engineering principles to obtain economically software that is reliable and works on real machines

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Reliability Engineering

Systematic application of time-honored engineering principles and techniques throughout a product lifecycle • Is an essential component of a good Product Lifecycle

Management (PLM) program Goal:

• Evaluate the inherent reliability of a product or process and pinpoint potential areas for reliability improvement. • All failures cannot be eliminated from a design

• Identify the most likely failures and then • Identify appropriate actions to mitigate the

effects of those failures

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Maintainability Engineering

Ensure system availability at optimum Life Cycle Cost

Key in the availability a system is its down time• Time required to bring a failed system back to operation • Normally attributed to maintenance activities

To increase system's availability minimize the downtime • Does not happen at random• Ensure full consideration is given during the conceptual

and design phase Assure maintainability characteristics of a

system Implementing specific design practices Validated through maintainability assessment

process• Utilizing both analyses and testing

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Human Factors Engineering

For example• A light switch that operates a lamp across the room.

Arranging light switches so there's no mystery as to what light they turn on is good human factors design

Human Factors takes into consideration capabilities and limitations of the human operator• Both physical and mental• How these should be used to guide the design of

systems with which people interact Important when implementing mission-critical

avionics and aviation systems for military or commercial applications

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Safety Engineering

Goals• Manage the safety program • Protect valuable assets from accidental harm • Detect safety incidents

• i.e., accidents and near misses

• React to safety incidents • Adapt to avoid future incidents

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Safety Engineering (cont.)

Objectives• Develop a safety program and document it in a safety

program plan • Monitor the status of the safety program• Assess and certify compliance of:

• The endeavor to its safety program plan• Work products to their safety goals and requirements

• Eliminate or mitigate hazards • Develop safety requirements • Ensure that safety risks are at an acceptable level

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Safety’s Role in the Cost & Schedule Paradigm

Safety can play a significant and sometimes contributory role in the cost and schedule paradigm

Safety’s contribution can impact the cost and schedule both positively and negatively

The goal of any project should be to achieve a balance in terms of cost and safety

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Security Engineering

The effort to achieve and maintain optimal security and survivability of a system throughout its life cycle.

Protect information systems from• Corruption• Eavesdropping• Unauthorized use• General malice

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Manufacturing and Production Engineering

Functions• Analyze and plan work force utilization, space

requirements, and workflow• They Develop step-by-step methods • Design the layout of equipment and workspace • Decide when and where to use robots, computer-

aided design (CAD), and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)

• Recommend changes in the design of a product • Confer with management on production

capabilities, schedules, and problems• Determine product specifications

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Manufacturing and Production Engineering (cont.)

Functions• Arrange for purchase of equipment, materials, or

parts and evaluate them• Estimate production times and determine how

many workers are required• Devise racks, bins, or other containers• Design the layout of equipment and workspace• Recommend changes in the design of a product

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Logistics and Supportability Engineering

Supportability Engineering• Determine the optimum operating, support and

disposal requirement of a system or equipment over its whole-life under given conditions

For operator• Provides the definition and cost of whole-life support

For supplier • Provides the definition and revenue from whole-life

support Can also be applied for an individual

equipment, or product line

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Disposability Engineering

What disposition assigned to items as they are phased out of the inventory• Eliminating waste• Minimizing cost• Precluding negative impacts on the environment• Allow recycle or reuse

More important now than in the past because…• Resources become scarce

• Environmental concerns increase

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Quality Engineering

A set of activities to ensure quality characteristics of a product are at the nominal or required levels

Consists of quality assurance and quality control

Maximize the quality of the process, system, and the products it produces• Inspection and test planning• Data analysis • Corrective action• Interface with marketing and engineering

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Environmental Engineering

Assist with the development of :• Water distribution systems• Recycling methods• Sewage treatment plants• Other pollution prevention • Control systems in the water, air, and land

Constantly seek new ways to reduce air pollution and pesticides

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Value/Cost Engineering

Define business and manufacturing problems and opportunities to:• Solving problems by analyzing functions • Assessing value (cost and performance) of functions• Identify and close gaps to achieve business value

Benefits• Reduce cost for system products and components• Reduce operating and maintenance costs • Reduce processing time and material or procedures • Reduce product transition time • Improve operability of a facility and quality of a

process or product • Improve process yield, maintainability, and reliability

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Interactive Workshop

Software Engineering is:

a) Application of systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software.

b) Application of systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of hardware.

c) Application of CAD/CAM programmingd) Application of ATE programming

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Security Engineering is:

a)The effort to achieve and maintain optimal security and survivability of the employees

b)The effort to achieve and maintain optimal security and survivability of a system throughout its life cycle

c) Has nothing to do with systems engineeringd)Both (a) and (b)

Interactive Workshop

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Environmental Engineering:

a)Determine the optimum operating, support and disposal of a system

b)Maximize the quality of the process, system, and the products it produces

c) Constantly seek new ways to reduce air pollution and pesticides

d)Constantly seek new ways to increase air pollution and pesticides

Interactive Workshop

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Integration of system engineering activities depends on:

a)System nature and complexityb)The size of the projectc) System achieving design objectivesd)Both (a) and (b)

Interactive Workshop

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Development Specification and Product Specification are:

a)Also called Type “A” and Type “B”b)Based on “Make-or-Buy” decisionsc) Also called Type “C” and Type “D”d)Developed during detail design

Interactive Workshop

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Summary

Certain degree of interdependence Maintainability is based on reliability Supportability is based on reliability and

maintainability Safety is based on human factors Disciplines build on each other Communication is essential

• Free exchange of design-related data The need to integrate these activities into a total

effective engineering design effort is a major aspect of system engineering

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Homework Assignment

Chapter 3 - Textbook page 196 Answer questions 1, 3, 11, 20, 23, 29, and 33. Use homework format provided in course website

Read Chapter 4 - Engineering Design Methods and Tools

• Pages 201-222

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Questions? Comments?