England

Author: Jessica Paige Ervin

National Symbols

• Flower: Tudor Rose• Anthem: “God Save the

Queen (or King)”• Animal: Lion• Sport: Cricket• Cuisine: Fish & Chips

Click File name to hear national anthem: C:\Documents and Settings\student10\Local Settings\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\CZB7MW51\D__MYDATA~1_MYMUSI~1_iTunes_ITUNES~1_HILARY~1_Dignity_1-15NA~1[1].M4P

The Land (Maps)

•Capitol: London•Part of the United Kingdom•Government: Monarch•Total Area: 50,346 sq. miles•Population (as of 2006):50,690,000•Currency: Great Britain Pounds or Pence•Motto: Dieu et Mon droit (French for "God and my right")•London is the largest city in Europe

Famous English People• Dame Julia Elizabeth Andrews (a.k.a. Julie Andrews): Actress known mostly for Mary Poppins in

Mary Poppins, Maria von Trapp in The Sound of Music, Clarisse Renaldi in The Princess Diaries

• Charles Dickens: novelist during the Victorian era, his best-known works are Great Expectations, David Copperfield, Oliver Twist, A Tale of Two Cities, Bleak House, Nicholas Nickleby, The Pickwick Papers, and A Christmas Carol.

• James Cook: explorer, navigator and cartographer. Ultimately rising to the rank of Captain in the Royal Navy, Cook made three voyages to the Pacific Ocean, achieving the first European contact with the eastern coastline of Australia, the European discovery of the Hawaiian Islands, and the first recorded circumnavigation and mapping of Newfoundland and New Zealand.

• Sir Isaac Newton: Inventor, known for being the founder of modern physics, inventor of the reflector telescope

• Winston Churchill: statesman, soldier, and author, Well-known as an orator and strategist, Churchill was one of the most important leaders in modern British and world history. A prolific author, he won the 1953 Nobel Prize in Literature for his many books on English and world history. He was voted the greatest-ever Briton in the 2002 BBC poll of the 100 Greatest Britons

• Just a few British Musicians: The Police, Slash, The Rolling Stones, Ozzy Osbourne, Olivia Newton-John, The Beatles, Sir Elton John, Coldplay, and James Blunt.

• Jane Goodall: primatologist, ethologist and anthropologist. She is probably best-known for her study of chimpanzee social and family life in Gombe National Park for 45 years, and for founding The Jane Goodall Institute.

• David Beckham: professional footballer (soccer player). Beckham is the fifth most capped English player of all time, has twice been the runner up in the FIFA World Player Of The Year Award in 1999 and 2001 and in addition to being the only Englishman to score in three different World Cups, is also only the ninth player in World Cup history to score twice from direct free kicks. He was captain of the English national team from 15 November 2000 to 2 July 2006.

Kings & Queens• William the Conqueror (1066-87)• William Rufus (1087-1100 • Henry 1(1100-35)• Stephen (1135-54)• Henry II (1154-89) • Richard I ("the Lionhearted")

(1189-99)• John (1199-1216)• Henry III (1216-72)• Edward I (1272-1307)• Edward II (1307-27) • Edward III (1327-77) • Richard II (1377-99) • Henry IV (1399-1413) • Henry VI (1422-61 & 1470-71)• Edward IV (1461-70 & 1471-83) • Edward V (1483) • Richard III (1483-85) • Henry VII (1485-1509) • Henry VIII (1509-47) • Edward VI (1547-53)• Mary ("Bloody Mary") (1553-58)• Elizabeth I (1558-1603) • James I (1603-25) • Charles I (1625-49) • Oliver Cromwell ("Lord Protector")

(1649-58)• Charles II (1660-85)

• James II (1685-88) • William and Mary (1688-

1702)• Anne (1702-14)• George I (1714-27)• George II (1727-60)• George III (1760-1820)• George IV (1820-30) • William IV (1830-37)

• Victoria (1837-1901) • Edward VII (1901-10)• George V (1910-36)• Edward VIII (1936) • George VI (1936-52)

• Elizabeth II (1952-?)

Traditions• Fox-hunting: form of hunting in which trained dogs pursue Red Foxes, followed by human hunters

who are usually on horses but sometimes on foot. Many animal welfare campaigners object to it as barbaric, while many proponents and participants view it as a crucial part of rural history in England, vital for conservation, and a method of pest control. While fox hunting is often thought of as a primarily British equestrian activity, it is also practised elsewhere in the world.

• Dog Racing: trials of speed between dogs. Now contested on oval tracks, the sport developed from the ancient practice of coursing, in which specially trained dogs chase game animals in the open field. Whippets chased live rabbits until the protests of humane groups had the practice outlawed. Artificial hares, first tried in 1876 in England, eventually became standard and greyhounds, accustomed to hunting by sight and sound rather than by smell, replaced whippets.

• Afternoon tea (or Low tea) is a light meal eaten at roughly Noon. It originates in Britain, though various places in the former British Empire also have such a meal. However, most Britons no longer eat such a meal. Traditionally, loose tea would be served in a teapot with milk and sugar. This would be accompanied by various sandwiches (customarily cucumber, egg and cress, tuna, ham, and smoked salmon), scones (with butter, clotted cream and jam) and usually cakes and pastries (such as Battenburg, fruit cake or Victoria sponge). The food would be often served in a tiered stand. While afternoon tea used to be an everyday event, nowadays it is more likely to be taken as a treat in a hotel, café, or tea shop, although many Britons still have a cup of tea and slice of cake or chocolate at teatime. Accordingly, many hotels now market a champagne cream tea.

• Football (soccer):outdoor ball and goal game, also called association football or simply football. The first recorded game probably was that on a Shrove Tuesday in Derby, England, part of a festival to celebrate a victory over a contingent of Roman troops (A.D. 217). By 1175 the Shrove Tuesday soccer game was an annual event. The sport remained popular for centuries in England under the name football

• Rugby: game that originated 1823, according to tradition, on the playing fields of Rugby, England. It is related to both soccer and American football. The game is said to have started when a Rugby School student named William Webb Ellis playing soccer picked up the ball and ran downfield with it instead of kicking it. Other English schools and universities adopted the style in the mid-19th cent. In 1871 the English Rugby Union was formed to standardize the game.

• Cricket: ball-and-bat game played chiefly in Great Britain and the Commonwealth countries.

Castles

Top 10 in Great Britain:The Tower of London Warwick Castle Tintagel Castle Leeds Castle Caernarfon Castle Stirling Castle St. Michael's Mount Edinburgh Castle Hampton Court Windsor Castle

Caernarfon Castle

Windsor Castle

Warwick Castle

Hampton Court

Leeds CastleEdinburgh Castle

Stirling Castle

Landmarks

Big Ben (clock tower)

Tower of London

London Bridge

Thames River

Buckingham Palace

England Landscapes

Little Odd Facts• England is 74 times smaller than the USA • The English class system is not determined by money, but

by one's background (family, education, manners, way of speaking...)

• English people consume more tea than anybody else in the world

• British police do not carry guns except in emergencies. • The world's largest second-hand book market can be found

at Hay-on-Wye, a small village at the border of England and Wales.

• Windsor castle is the oldest and largest royal residence in the world still in use.

• The world's oldest public zoo opened in London in 1828. • The world's first drive through safari park opened at

Longleat House (Wiltshire, England) in 1966

• London is the world's largest financial centre.

Other PicturesLeft: Flag of Great Britain. Right: British Coins. Down Left: Chart of England’s population increase. Down Right: English Coat of Arms.

Bibliography“England”. 19 March 2007. Wikipedia. 19 March 2007

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England>.

The official site of the British Monarchy. The Royal British Family. 4 March 2007 <http://www.royal.gov.uk>.

Woodlands Junior School Tonbridge Kent UK. October 1999/ March 2007. Woodlands Junior School. 1 March 2007 <http://www.woodlandsjunior.kent.sch.uk>.

“List of national animals”. 15 March 2007. Wikipedia. 16 March 2007 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_national_animals>.

“TRADITIONS." Lake District (Landmark Visitors Guide) (2004): 29. MAS Ultra - School Edition. 4 March 2007 <http://search.ebscohost.com>.

Badertscher, Eric. "England." Our World: England (2006): 1. MAS Ultra - School Edition. 4 March 2007 <http://search.ebscohost.com>.

Lennon, David. "The afternoon tea ritual." Europe (2007): 40. MAS Ultra - School Edition. 5 March 2007 <http://search.ebscohost.com>.

Goldman, Phyllis Barkas. "Kings and Queens of England.” Monkeyshines on Europe (1998): 32. MAS Ultra -School Edition. 5 March 2007 <http://search.ebscohost.com>.