England’s Glorious Revolution• How did England become a constitutional monarchy?

William of Orange Mary II

James II: Absolute Monarch

• James II was a Catholic & believed in “Divine Right”

• James had a daughter Mary, who was Protestant

• James remarries to have a Catholic son

• James II begins displaying Catholic symbols & promoting Catholics in Govt, offending English citizens

• When Parliament protests, he dismisses ParliamentJames II

William & Mary

• Several Members of Parliament approach Mary about overthrowing her father

• Mary’s husband William of Orange was a Protestant prince of the Netherlands & agrees to send his army to fight

• Instead of fighting, James II flees for France

• The “bloodless” overthrow of James II is called the Glorious Revolution

The Constitutional Monarchy

• William & Mary are crowned co-rulers of England & Scotland

• Parliament drafts the English Bill of Rights:

1) Monarch cannot suspend Parliament

2) Monarch can’t tax without Parliament’s consent

3) Monarch cannot interfere with free speech

4) Need Parliament’s consent for war

• William & Mary agree, limiting the monarchs power

• As a result England became a Constitutional Monarchy

• Agreed that Monarch & Parliament need mediator for disagreements

• Cabinet system is created to link the Monarch & Parliament

• Prime Minister will lead both the cabinet & Parliament

• After 1710, England (which includes Wales) and Scotland combine their governments to form the nation of Great Britain

Bill of Rights Venn Diagram

US England

#1 – Monarch can’t suspend Parliament

#2 – Monarch not above the law

US 1, Eng 3-Separate Church/State

#4 Monarch can’t tax

#5 Citizens can question monarch

#6 Parliament & Monarch must agree to raise an army

US 2, Eng 7-Right to bear arms

#8 Free election of Parliament

US 1, Eng 9-Free Speech

US 6/8, Eng 10-Excessive bail/punishment

#3 No housing soldiers

#4 Warrant needed to seize/search

#5 Due process

#7 Civil jury trials

#9 Can’t deny basic rights

#10 States rule on what’s not covered

William of OrangeHomework questions

1. Why did William gladly accept the offer to become King of England?

2. How did William stop advancing armies in the Netherlands?

3. Why did the English turn to William in their battle with James?

4. Why was William able to become the King of England?

5. How did William continue his crusade against Catholicism after he became king?