english book 2

English book 2

Lesson 1

According to /əˈkɔˈrd·ɪŋ·tə, - tʊ, -tuˈ/

• Preposition


• Preposition

• as stated by


• Preposition

• as stated by

• According to my mother, you have to eat three meals a day every day.


• preposition


• preposition

• FOLLOWING: in a way that agrees with; by


• preposition

• FOLLOWING: in a way that agrees with; by

• The teacher sorted the exams according to grade, with the A’s on top and the F’s on the bottom.

banana /bəˈnæn·ə/


• noun C/U


• noun C/U

• a long, curved fruit with a usually yellow skin and soft, sweet flesh inside


• noun C/U

• a long, curved fruit with a usually yellow skin and soft, sweet flesh inside

• Banana is a good and useful fruit.

bananas /bəˈnæn·əz/

• adjective


• adjective

• not gradable informal


• adjective


• very excited because of pleasure, anger, or another emotion


• adjective


• very excited because of pleasure, anger, or another emotion

• She’ll go bananas when you tell her the news.

Bill /bɪl/

Bill /bɪl/

• noun C

Bill /bɪl/

• noun C

• MONEY

Bill /bɪl/

• noun C

• MONEY

• a piece of paper money

Bill /bɪl/

• noun C

• MONEY

• a piece of paper money

• He pulled out a thick wad of bills and gave me $20.

Bill /bɪl/

• noun C

Bill /bɪl/

• noun C

• REQUEST FOR PAYMENT

Bill /bɪl/

• noun C


• 1- a list of expenses to be paid, or the total amount of costs or expenses

Bill /bɪl/

• noun C



• We still have doctors’ bills to pay.

Bill /bɪl/

• noun C



• We still have doctors’ bills to pay.

• 2 - A bill is also a check

bill /bɪl/

• verb T

bill /bɪl/

• verb T

• to send someone a statement of what is owed

bill /bɪl/

• verb T

• to send someone a statement of what is owed

• Some places will bill you, but at others you have to pay right away.

Bill /bɪl/

• noun C

Bill /bɪl/

• noun C

• LAW (politics & government)

Bill /bɪl/

• noun C


• a formal statement of a planned new law that is discussed by a government or legislature before being voted on

Bill /bɪl/

• noun C


• a formal statement of a planned new law that is discussed by a government or legislature before being voted on

• After a bill is passed by both houses of Congress, it becomes law when the president signs it.

cage /keɪdʒ/

cage /keɪdʒ/

• noun C

cage /keɪdʒ/

• noun C

• a structure shaped like a box but with bars or wires as its sides,

cage /keɪdʒ/

• noun C

• a structure shaped like a box but with bars or wires as its sides,

• for keeping pets or for housing animals The lab was stocked with wire cages for mice.

cassette /kəˈset/

cassette /kəˈset/

• noun C

cassette /kəˈset/

• noun C

• a flat, rectangular device containing a very long strip of magnetic material that is used to record sound or pictures; an audiocassette or videocassette

cassette /kəˈset/

• noun C


• He listens to cassettes, CDs, even vinyl records.

cassette /kəˈset/

• noun C


• He listens to cassettes, CDs, even vinyl records.

• Insert the cassette and press play.

cassette player

old new

cassette player

• noun C

cassette player

• noun C

• a device used for listening to recorded music that has been replaced mainly by the CD

copy kɑp·i

copy kɑp·i

• verb T

copy kɑp·i

• verb T

• to produce something that is exactly like another thing, or to do something meant to be like someone or something else The design was copied from a 19th-century wallpaper.

copy kɑp·i

• verb T

• to produce something that is exactly like another thing, or to do something meant to be like someone or something else The design was copied from a 19th-century wallpaper.

• He copied the file onto a diskette.

copy / kɑp·i/

copy / kɑp·i/

• noun C

copy / kɑp·i/

• noun C

• 1 - always keep copies of letters I have written.

• Please make two copies of this.

copy / kɑp·i/

• noun C



• 2- A copy is also a single unit of something produced in large numbers, usually for sale:

copy / kɑp·i/

• noun C




• I had a copy of her latest CD somewhere.

copy / kɑp·i/

• noun C




• I had a copy of her latest CD somewhere.

• We ordered ten copies of the book.

decide /dɪˈsɑɪd/


• verb


• verb

• 1- to choose between one possibility or another : T I decided I would try it.


• verb

• + to do something: In the end, we decided to go to the theater.

• + question word: We’re trying to decide how to proceed.

• + ( that ) clause: He decided (that) it was his business.


• verb

• 2- If something decides a result in a competition, it causes that result:

• T A mistake by our team decided the game against us.


• verb

• 3- A deciding factor is something so important that it forces a particular decision:

• The deciding factor in choosing this school was that it was far from home.


• If someone is deciding a time or an amount, especially an exact date or price, the verbs fix and set are often used.

• The price has been set/fixed at $10.

• Have you set/fixed a date for the wedding?


• If someone makes a final and certain decision about a plan, date, etc., the verb finalize is sometimes used.

• We've chosen a venue for the wedding, but we haven't finalized the details yet.


• The verb settle and the phrasal verb settle on/upon are also often used when someone is making a final decision.

• Have you settled on a place to live yet?

• OK then, we're going to Spain. That's settled .


• To resolve to do something, is to decide definitely that you will do it.

• Emma weighed herself and resolved to lose some weight.


• The expression make up your mind is often used to mean "to decide."

• I like them both – I just can't make up my mind which one to pick.

• Have you made up your mind whether you're going?


• If someone is unable to decide between two choices, in informal situations you can use the expression be torn between something and something else.

• I'm torn between the fish and the beef.

decided /dɪˈsɑɪd·əd/

• adjective

• clear; certain

• There’s been a decided improvement in subway service.

decidedly /dɪˈsɑɪd·əd·li/

• adverb

• He was decidedly careful about what he told me.

decision /dɪˈsɪʒ·ən/

• noun C

• something you choose; a choice

• The board will make its decision shortly.

• + to do something

• Their decision not to attend the party puzzled everyone.

decisive /dɪˈsɑɪ·sɪv/

• adjective

• 1 making choices quickly and surely, without having any doubts

• In an emergency, decisive action is called for.

• 2 Decisive also means without doubt or question, and of the greatest importance: DNA test results were decisive in proving his innocence.

decisively /dɪˈsɑɪ·sɪv·li/

• adverb

• We had to act quickly and decisively to put out the fire.

decision-making

• noun U

• the process of making choices, esp. important choices

• She plays no part in the daily decision-making.

• The bank gave decision-making authority to individual businesses.

Do right

• Do sth correctly

• If you do the exercises right , I will give a good mark.

Give back

• = return( ed )

• Pt: gave back

• PP: given back

• Can I borrow your English book? I’ll give it back in two days.

Keep /kiˈp/

• verb T

• past kept

• to continue doing something without stopping, or to do it repeatedly

• I keep thinking I’ve seen her somewhere before.

Language lab

Language lab

• A room in which you can listen to languages with special tools.

mistake /məˈsteɪk/

• noun C

• 1- an action or decision that is wrong or produces a result that is not correct or not intended

• We all make mistakes.

• + to do something: It was a mistake to come to this restaurant without a reservation.

• 2- By mistake means unintentionally:

• I’m sorry – I must have dialed your number by mistake.

mistake /məˈsteɪk/

• verb T

• Pt: mistook , PP:mistaken

• to be wrong about or fail to recognize something or someone

• T always + adv/prep I called Karen and mistook her mother for her

• I thought I was speaking to Karen when I was speaking to her mother .

mistaken /məˈsteɪ·kən/

• adjective not gradable

• wrong

• I was mistaken about how much it would cost.

• .

mistakenly /məˈsteɪ·kən·li/

• adverb

• Teens mistakenly believe that once they have a tan, their skin is protected against sunburn

mistake

• Be careful not to use the verb do with the noun mistake . The correct verb is make .

• I never make mistakes in my essays.

fault or mistake/error ?

• Use fault when explaining who is responsible for something bad.

• It's my fault that the car was stolen. I left the window open.

fault or mistake/error ?

• Use mistake or error for talking about something you did or thought that was wrong. Error is slightly more formal than mistake .

• I still make lots of mistakes in my essays.

• We lost a week's work due to a computer error.

mistake

• A common alternative is the noun error .

• He admitted that he'd made an error .

• The letter contained a number of typing errors

mathematics / mæθ·əˈmæt ·ɪks, mæθ mæt/

• - short form math /mæθ/

• noun U

• the science of numbers, forms, amounts, and their relationships

mathematical mæθ·ə· mæt ·ɪ·kəl, mæθ mæt

- adjective not gradable

• a mathematical formula

mathematician / mæθ·ə·məˈtɪʃ·ən/

• - noun C

• a person skilled in mathematics

motorcycle / moʊt·ərˈsɑɪ·kəl/

motorcycle / moʊt·ərˈsɑɪ·kəl/

• noun C

• a two-wheeled vehicle powered by an engine

passage / pæs·ɪdʒ/

• noun C

• a short piece of writing or music that is part of a larger piece

• a short passage about studying english .

pick up (something/someone)

• phrasal verb M

• to lift something or someone

• He picked his briefcase up and headed for the door.

• She picked up the little boy and kissed him.

reward /rɪˈwɔˈrd/


• noun C/U • 1 something given in exchange for a useful idea,

good behavior, excellent work, etc. U Students hoped for more reward than an announcement in the school paper of their achievement.

• C The rewards benefits of motherhood outweigh the difficulties.

• 2 A reward is also an amount of money given to someone who gives information about a crime to the police or who helps to return lost or stolen property to its owner.


• verb T

• He was rewarded for his bravery with a medal from the president.

rewarding /rɪˈwɔˈrd·ɪŋ/

• adjective

• satisfying or beneficial

• a rewarding experience

Run out of

• phrasal verb = finish

• to use something completely so that nothing is left

• He just ran out of ideas.

• Time is running out There is only a little time left .

slice /slɑɪs/

• noun C

• 1- a flat, often thin piece of food that has been cut from a larger piece:

• a slice of bread/cake/pizza

slice /slɑɪs/

• noun C

• 2- figurative A slice is also any small part that has been separated from something larger: She demanded a slice of the profits.

slice /slɑɪs/

• noun C

• 3- If you describe a story as a slice of life , you mean that it shows ordinary details of the lives of the people mentioned: The drama is a slice of life about Puerto Ricans living in the Bronx.

slice /slɑɪs/

• verb T

• to cut something into thin pieces, or to cut one or more thin pieces from something

• Slice the onions and fry them in butter.

sugar / ʃʊg·ər/

sugar / ʃʊg·ər/

• noun U

• biology

• a sweet substance obtained esp. from particular plants and used to make food and drinks sweet

take apart

take apart

• something phrasal verb M

• to separate the parts of something so that they are not together

• I like to take things apart to see how they work.

tape /teɪp/

tape /teɪp/

• noun C/U

• RECORDING MATERIAL: a long, narrow strip of plastic or thin metal used to record and play sound or sound and pictures; a cassette or videotape C

• Did you make a tape of Tyler’s concert?

• U Is that movie available on tape yet?

tape /teɪp/

• verb T

• This song was taped recorded live in concert.

tape /teɪp/

tape /teɪp/

• noun U

• STICKY MATERIAL :a long, narrow strip of plastic, cloth, or paper that is sticky on one side and is used to attach things masking/duct tape

• packing/electrical tape

• trademark Scotch tape

tape /teɪp/

• verb T

• I taped a note on her door. He taped the pages back together.

Unhappy/ʌnˈhæp·i/

• adjective

• NOT PLEASED: not feeling pleasure or satisfaction

• It was an unhappy time of her life.

• They were unhappy about their hotel room did not like it and asked to be moved.

• unhappiness /ʌnˈhæp·i ·nəs/

• noun U

upset /ʌpˈset/

• adjective

• Mom gets really upset if we don’t call and tell her where we are.

• She was very upset about losing her wallet.

upset /ʌpˈset/

• verb T

• upsetting , past upset

• to make someone worried, unhappy, or angry The governor’s veto upset a lot of people.

upsetting /ʌp set·ɪŋ/

• adjective

• an upsetting remark

Which one?

• Sad and miserable mean the same as "unhappy."

• I felt so sad after he left.

• I just woke up feeling miserable .

• If someone is upset , that person is unhappy because something bad has happened.

• They'd had an argument and she was still upset about it.

• Mike got very upset when I told him the news.

find out (something)

• phrasal verb M: past found

• to obtain knowledge of something, or to obtain knowledge of someone's activities, esp. dishonest ones How did you find out about the party?

• I just found out that he was cheating on the test.

• He wondered whether his boss was involved, but he saw no way of finding that out.

know or find out ?

• If you know something, you already have the information.

• Andy knows what time the train leaves. • Her parents already know about the problem. • If you find something out , you learn new

information for the first time. • I'll check on the Internet to find out what time the

train leaves. • I'll check on the Internet to know what time the

train leaves.

While /hwɑɪl, wɑɪl/

• noun U

• a length of time: He only had to wait a short while.

• It was a while before any waiter took their order.

• That happened a while ago did not happen recently .

• I haven’t seen him for a while a long time .

• She’s getting dressed, and she’ll be ready in just a little while soon .

while /hwɑɪl, wɑɪl/

• conjunction

• during the time that, or at the same time as

• I read it while you were drying your hair.

• "I’m going to the post office." "While you’re there can you get me some stamps?"

While/hwɑɪl, wɑɪl/

• conjunction

• despite the fact that; although

• While I know he’s not perfect, I do like him.

while /hwɑɪl, wɑɪl/

• conjunction

• compared with the fact that; but

• Tom is very outgoing, while Ken’s shy and quiet.

Get cold

•

• Put on your coat, it may get cold.

polite /pəˈlɑɪt/

• adjective

• behaving in a way that is socially correct and shows respect for other people’s feelings

• She was too polite to point out my mistake.

politely /pəˈlɑɪt·li/

• .

• adverb

• He politely asked them to leave.

politeness /pəˈlɑɪt·nəs/

• noun U

• With unfailing politeness he answered their questions.

puzzle / pʌz·əl/

• noun C

• 1- something that is difficult to understand Their son is a puzzle to them.

• The police are trying to solve the puzzle of who sent them the letter.

puzzle / pʌz·əl/

• noun C

• 2- A puzzle is also a game or toy in which you have to fit separate pieces together, or a problem or question which you have to answer by using your skill or knowledge:

• a jigsaw/crossword puzzle

puzzle / pʌz·əl/

• verb I/T

• T It puzzles me why she said that.

• I always + adv/prep

• We puzzled over what it meant.

puzzled / pʌz·əld/

• adjective

• She looked puzzled, then suspicious.

request /rɪˈkwest/

• noun C/U

• an act of asking for something, or the thing asked for

• C: The library gets a lot of requests for books about new babies.

• U: An application will be sent to you upon request if you ask .

request /rɪˈkwest/

• verb T

• + that clause

• The caller requested that his name not be mentioned on the air.

require or request?

• The main meaning of require is "need."

• Learning a language requires time and effort.

• Request means "ask for."

• I wrote a letter to request more information.

unusual /ʌnˈju ·ʒə·wəl/

• adjective

• different from what is usual or expected

• I was actually on time, which is unusual for me.

unusually /ʌnˈju·ʒə·wə·li/

• adverb not gradable

• in a way or to a degree that is different from what is usual or expected

• We had unusually warm weather in December.

• There is no evidence of unusually high rates of disease.

Would you mind…….?

• We use this for requesting politely.

• Would you mind closing the door? It’s a little cold here.

• Would you mind not talking so loudly ? I want to study.

You’re welcome.

• We use it when somebody thanks us.

• “Thank you so much”

• “ You’re welcome.”

english book 2

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