English: Commas

March 17, 2014

Bell Ringer

• What are some reasons for using commas?

Shout Outs

• Dajuan received an autograph book from Shark Tank’s Barbara Corcoran for his hard work in Business class!

• Jasmine came in 1st place in the 100M on Thursday!

• Many students in 7A have shown great maturity and good citizenship.

• Congrats to all of our medical students for your hard work at the competition!

• Great job to everyone for your reflection on the practice ACT tests!

ACT Tip of the Day

• Did you now that chocolate and peppermints can help stimulate the brain? • Pop a peppermint or

Hershey Kiss in your mouth on a break during the ACT to help you stay alert.

• DISCLAIMER: This does not substitute a healthy breakfast.

Objective

• Today we will be able to identify a variety of situations in which commas are needed.

• Homework: Complete comma task.

• FYI• Tomorrow you will be assigned to read

chapters 14-16. I suggest you get a head start.

• Midterm and Performance task are coming up

Commas

• Commas are used for:• Separating parts in a series. • Separating coordinate adjectives• Separate parts in a compound sentence• Separation of participles, infinitives, and

phrases • Separation of adjective clauses• Separation of appositives• Separation when using interjections,

parenthetical expressions, and conjunctive adverbs.

Separating parts in a series

• Use a comma to separate three or more words, phrases or clauses in a series.

• Ex: Alaska, Texas, and California are our three largest states.

• When the items are separated by conjunctions such as and, commas are not necessary.

• The trip was long and boring and lame

Separating Coordinate Adjectives

• A coordinate adjective modifies the noun. • Ex: It was a warm, starry, fragrant

evening.

• Don’t use commas between adjectives that don’t sound right when putting “and” between them, or when the sentence sounds incorrect if you reverse the order. • Ex: The big old oak desk stood in one

corner of the room.

Compound Sentences

• Compound sentences include words such as and, not, but, yet, or for in order to connect two or more clauses in a sentence. • Ex: I picked up the clay jar

carefully, yet it crashed to the floor.

Participles, Infinitives, and phrases

• Use commas for Participles, Infinitives, and their phrases if they are not essential to the meaning of the sentence. • Ex: He read, engrossed, until the doorbell

broke his concentration.

• If participles, infinitives, and their phrases are essential to the meaning of a sentence, do not set them off with commas. • Ex: The girl watching us is my sister.

Adjective Clauses

• Use commas to set off nonessential adjective clauses

• A nonessential clause provides additional information about a noun. Considered an extra clause, it does not change the meaning of a sentence but adds to it. It is therefore set off with commas.

• Ex: Jackson Pollack, who was an American painter, was born in 1912.

• Do not use commas with an essential adjective clause. An essential clause gives necessary information about a noun and it thus needed to convey the exact meaning of the sentence.

• Ex: One of the few American writers whom she read was Langston Hughes. (Whom she read is the essential clause).

Appositives

• Use commas to set off an appositive if it is not essential to the meaning of a sentence. • Nonessential appositive: provides additional

information and is set off by commas• Ex: Lucha Corpi, teacher and author, has

published many poems. • An essential appositive is not set off with

commas because it gives necessary information about a noun. • Ex: Both the Iliad and the Odyssey are

traditionally attributed to the poet Homer.

Interjections, parenthetical expressions, and conjunctive

adverbs• Use commas to set off interjections

• Such as oh, yes, and well• Ex: Yes, I hope to build my own house one day.

• Use commas for parenthetical expressions• Such as on the contrary, on the other hand, in fact, by the

way, to be exact, and after all• Ex: The beautiful and historic city of Philadelphia, in fact, is

three centuries old.

• Use commas for conjunctive adverbs • Such as however, moreover, and consequently

• Ex: We drank two bottles of orange juice last night, consequently, we did not have enough left to make the punch today.

English: TFA ch. 14-16

March 18, 2014

Bell Ringer

• Compare and contrast yesterday’s comma practice with a neighbor.

• I will be around to check in homework.

Shout Outs

• Congrats to all the Mock Trial participants!

ACT Tip of the Day

• “I’m bored.” “I don’t like this passage.” “I don’t know anything about this topic!”• If you have ever thought any of these phrases during an ACT test,

you know that boredom or lack of knowledge of a topic can make test taking very difficult.

• What to do:• Assess your own schema (background knowledge) and interest in a

topic.• If you are interested in and know the topic, excellent, the

passage will be easier for you to read.• If not, you must begin to make inferences and attack the topic

using the knowledge you do have. Use context clues, think of where you heard words or phrases before. Make connections. • You must also understand your struggle and know you must work

that much HARDER to SUCCEED. DON’T GIVE UP.

Objective

• Today we will be able to…• Demonstrate emerging mastery of commas.• Predict what is next for Okonkwo and the

Umuofia tribe using evidence from chapters 12-13.

• Begin to read and analyze the growth of Okonkwo in chapters 14-16 of TFA.

• Homework:• Finish reading chapters 14-16 and complete

the comprehension questions.

FYI

• Tomorrow we will begin grammar stations. ACT style quiz every Friday.

• Jigsaw the remainder of TFA. • Over the weekend you will read your assigned

section and complete your task. Monday, you will work in your groups for the presentation of your chapters.

• Midterm next week. Actual Day is TBA

• Performance task roll out on Friday.

StationsMarch 19, 2014

Bell Ringer

• Please take a seat, clear you desk, and wait for directions.

Objective

• Today we will be able to work in cooperative groups at stations to work on ACT target skills.• Station #1: Organization and topic development

• Composition Practice Sheet page 13-14

• Station #2: Commas/Punctuation• Grammar Handbook pages 321-322

• Station #3: Subject-Verb Agreement• Grammar Handbook pages 217-219

• Station #4: Sentence Structure• Writer’s Choice pages 557-558

StationsMarch 20, 2014

Objective• Today we will be able to work in cooperative groups at stations to

work on ACT target skills.

• Station #1: Organization and topic development• Composition Practice

• ACT practice sheet

• Station #2: Commas/Punctuation

• Grammar Handbook pages 321-322 (re-read for information)

• ACT practice sheet

• Station #3: Subject-Verb Agreement• Grammar Handbook pages 217-219 (re-read for information)

• ACT practice sheet

• Station #4: Sentence Structure• Writer’s Choice pages 557-558 (re-read for information)

• ACT practice sheet

Grammar Stations

March 20, 2014

Bell Ringer

• What is the purpose of a topic sentence?

• How do you think the rest of a paragraph should be organized?

Shout Outs

• 3rd period did a FANTASTIC job with the grammar stations. Everyone was on task, motivated, and persistent! Job well done!

Objective

• Today we will be able to…• Identify different ways to organize a paragraph.• Work in cooperative groups to practice our

target ACT grammar, usage, and mechanics skills.

• FYI• Tomorrow you will get a study guide for the

midterm.• Don’t forget about the extra credit opportunity

that is due Monday! • It is on the website.

Organizing a Paragraph

• SPATIAL ORDER• Used mainly in

descriptive writing• Literally explains WHERE

things are occurring • Detailed account of a

space

• CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER• Used mainly in narrative

writing• Tells when things occur. • Beginning, middle, end

• IMPORTANCE• Used mainly in persuasive

writing• Starts off with reasons for

a cause• Ends with most important

reasons

• CAUSE AND EFFECT• Explaining why something

happens.

• COMPARE AND CONTRAST• Comparing one item or

idea to another

Grammar Stations

• Station #1: • Organization and topic development

• Station #2: • Commas/Punctuation

• Station #3: • Subject-Verb Agreement

• Station #4: • Sentence Structure