English In motion 4March

grammar and vocabularyreview

Saint Louis School English Department Carlos Schwerter García

Grammar reviewFrequency Adverb of FrequencyExample • 100%alwaysI always go to bed before 11 pm. • 90% usually I usually have cereal for breakfast. • 80% normally / generally I normally go to the gym. • 70% often* / frequently I often surf the internet. • 50% sometimes I sometimes forget my wife's birthday.• 30% occasionally I occasionally eat junk food.• 10% seldom I seldom read the newspaper.• 5% hardly ever / rarely I hardly ever drink alcohol. • 0% never I never swim in the sea.

Past simple, regular and irregular verbs

• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was an Austrian musician and composer. He lived from 1756 to 1791. He started composing at the age of five years old and wrote more than 600 pieces of music. He was only 35 years old when he died.

• The verbs "was, lived, started, wrote, died" are in the simple past tense.

• Notice that:• lived, started, died are regular past forms.• was, wrote are irregular past forms.

Too much and too manyThe words much and many mean a lot of.• If a noun is in singular, we use much Example: much money• If a noun is in plural, we use many Example: many friends

• Use of much / many• In everyday English, we normally use much / many only in questions and negative clauses.Example: How much money have you got? Carla does not have many friends. In positive clauses

With so, as or too, we also use much / many.Example: Carla has so many friends. She has as many friends as Sue. Kevin has too much money. In all other

Positive clauses, however, we prefer expressions like a lot of / lots of.Example: Carla has a lot of / lots of friends. Kevin has a lot of / lots of money. In formal texts,

• Countable / Uncountable NounsIn connection with much / many people often speak of countable nouns and uncountable nouns.• Countable nouns have a singular and a plural form. In plural, these nouns can be used with a number

(that's why they are called 'countable nouns'). Countable nouns take many.Example:100 friends – many friends Uncountable nouns can only be used in singular. These nouns cannot be

used with a number (that's why they are called 'uncountable nouns'). Uncountable nouns take much.• Example:100 money – much money Note: Of course you can count money – but then you would name the

currency and say that you have got 5 euro (but not „5 money“).

Present perfect

• The present perfect simple expresses an action that is still going on or that stopped recently, but has an influence on the present. It puts emphasis on the result.

• Form of Present Perfect

Passive voice in present and past• The passive of an active tense is formed by

putting the verb to be into the same tense as the active verb and adding the past participle of the active verb.

• Active: My grandfather planted this tree.• Passive: This tree was planted by my

grandfather.