english intermediate_ lesson a1.pdf

LESSON 1 ENGLISH INTERMEDIATE

1

Of: / əv/ De

Off: / ɒf/ Fuera

Dying: Moribundo

Shark: Tiburón

Teach: Enseñar

Taught: Pasado de Teach

Beans: Judías, Habas, Alubias

Duck: Pato

Lettuce: / Letis/ Lechuga

Peaches: Melocotones

Prawns: / Prɔ:nz/ Gambas

Salmon: /Saemən/ Salmón

Sausages: / Sɒsidʒiz/ Salchichas

Strawberry: Fresa

Strawberries: / Strɔ: bəriz/ Fresas

Fresh: Fresco

Frozen: Congelado

Home-made: Casero

Low –fat: Bajo en grasa

Raw: / Rɔ:/ Crudo

Spicy: /Spaisi/ Picante

Sweet: Dulce

Takeaway: Para llevar

Knife: /naif/ Cuchillo

Knives: / naivz/ Cuchillos

Fork: Tenedor

Dessert: / Di´zɜ:ts/ Postres

Spoon: Cuchara

Plate: Plato

Glass: Vaso

Main courses: /Mein kɔ:siz/ Primeros platos, principal


2

Napkin: / naepkin/ Servilleta

Salt and pepper: Sal y pimienta

Starters: /Sta:tər/ Entremeses, entrantes

Prawns cocktail: Cóctel de gambas

Onion Soup: Sopa de cebolla

Grilled steak and chips: Filete a la parrilla con patatas

Salmon with boiled potatoes: Salmón con patatas cocidas

Strawberries and cream: Fresas con nata

Tiramisu: Tiramisú

Boiled rice: Arroz cocido o hervido

Roast chicken: Pollo asado

Baked potatoes: Patatas al horno

Grilled sausages: Salchichas a la parrilla

Fried eggs: Huevos fritos

Steamed vegetables: Verduras al vapor

Vegetables: /Vedʒitabl/ Verduras, vegetales

Fruit: Fruta

Meat: Carne

Fish: Pescado

Seafood: Marisco

Jam: Mermelada

Berries: Bayas

Tuna: Atún

Cod: Bacalao

Mustard: Mostaza

Soy Sauce: Salsa de soja

Beetroot: Remolacha

Cabbage: Repollo

Can: Lata

Jar: Jarro, bote

Beef: Vaca

Lamb: Cordero


3

Coffee: Café

Wine: Vino

Thick: Espeso

Stew: Estofado

Pineapple: Piña

Chilli pepper: Guindilla

Haddock: Carne de pescado

Dressing: Aliño

Ranch: Salsa ranchera

Serving pies: Porción, ración de tarta

Carrot: Zanahoria

Olives: Aceitunas

Sardines: Sardinas

Octopus: Pulpo

Grapes: Uvas

Juice: Zumo

Peanuts: Cacahuetes

ACTION AND NON ACTTION VERBS: Los verbos que describen acciones (COOK, MAKE) pueden ser usados tanto en PRESENT SIMPLE como en PRESENT CONTINUOUS.

I´M MAKING THE LUNCH, I USUALLY MAKE THE LUNCH AT THE WEEKEND

WHAT ARE YOU COOKING TONIGHT? I´M MAKING PASTA GREAT! I REALLY LIKE PASTA. Los verbos que describen estados o sentimientos (no acciones) (LIKE, WANT, BE, LOVE, NEED) no son usados normalmente en PRESENT CONTINUOUS, incluso si significan “ahora”. Los verbos más comunes que no describen ACCIONES son: AGREE, BE, BELIEVE, BELONG, DEPEND, FORGET, HATE, HEAR, KNOW, LIKE, LOVE, MATTER, MEAN, NEED, PREFER, REALIZE, RECOGNIZE, REMEMBER, SEEM, SUPPOSE. Existen unos pocos verbos que tienen ACCIÓN Y NO ACCIÓN (HAVE, THINK) en su significado. I HAVE A BIG FLAT = POSSESION (NON ACTION) I CAN´T TALK NOW. I´M HAVING LUNCH = AN ACTIVITY (ACTION) I THINK THIS MUSIC´S GREAT = OPINION (NON ACTION) WHAT ARE YOU THINKING ABOUT? = (AN ACTION)


4

Nuts: Frutos Secos

PRESENT SIMPLE AFIRMATIVO

PRESENT SIMPLE NEGATIVO

PRESENT SIMPLE INTERROGATIVO

ESTRUCTURA: I/ YOU/ WE /THEY + VERB

I usually WORK at home

HE/SHE/IT + VERB +S

Danny knowS me very well

ESTRUCTURA: I/ YOU/ WE /THEY + DO NOT + INFINITIVE VERB

Do not = Don´t

I don´t work

HE/SHE/IT + DOES NOT + VERB

DOES NOT= DOESN´T

He doesn´t work

ESTRUCTURA: AUX +SUBJECT + INFINITIVE

DO + I/YOU/WE /THEY + VERB

DO YOU WORK?

YES, I/YOU/WE/THEY DO

NO, I/YOU/WE/THEY DON´T

DOES HE/SHE /IT +VERB

DOES HE/SHE/IT WORK?

YES, HE/SHE/IT DOES

NO, HE/SHE/IT DOESN´T


5

ADVERBS AND EXPRESSION OF FRECUENCY

QUESTIONS WITH AND WITHOUT AUXILIARIES

Cuando WHO, WHAT, WHICH, HOW MANY son el sujeto del verbo, en la pre-gunta no usamos el auxiliar (do/does/ did) y el verbo va en tercera persona. WHO WRITES THIER SONGS?

WHAT HAPPENED AFTER THE CONCERT?

WHICH COUNTRY WON EUROVISION SONG CONTEST?

Every day, once a week: van al final de la frase.

Always, usually, often, sometimes, hardy ever: antes del verbo principal y después del verbo be

ESTRCTURA DE LAS QUESTIONS WITH AUXILIAR: QUESTION WORD + AUXILIAR +SUBJECT + INFINITIVE (QUASI) OR AUXILIARY + SUBJECT + INFINITIVE (ASI)

WHO DID YOU SEE?

DO YOU LIKE MUSIC?

WHO DID YOU SEE? I SAW MARY

ESTRUCTURA DE LAS QUESTIONS WITHOUT AUXILIARY: QUESTION WORD + VERB IN PAST

SUJETO DE LA ORACIÓN: WHO, WHAT, WHICH, HOW MANY; WHICH se utiliza para seleccionar personas ó cosas.

WHO SAW YOU? MARY

WHAT HAPPENED? NOTHING

WHAT DID YOU DO? I DIN´T ANYTHING

WHO, WHAT SON EL SUJETO DE LA ORACION SI NO TENEMOS EL AUXILIAR.

HOW MANY PEOPLE COME TO THE PARTY? HOW MANY PEOPLE ES EL SUJETO DE ESTA PREGUNTA


6

GOING TO: SUBJECT +BE + GOING TO + INFINITIVE ( PLANS AND PREDICTIONS) Usamos be going to + infinitive para hablar acerca de planes futuros y predicciones.

I´m going to work in the UK for six month (plan)

I think it´s going to rain this afternoon (prediction)

Cuando usamos going to go to podemos omitir to go

I ´m going to go to university next year ó I´m going to university next year.

GOING TO + INFINITIVE POSITIVE:

I ´m going to work in a restaurant

She´s going to meet me at the airport

GOING TO + INFINITIVE NEGATIVE:

We aren´t going to stay very long

He isn´t going to like the weather there

GOING TO + INFINITIVE INTERROGATIVE:

Are you going to find a job?

When is your brother going to visit you?

PRESENT CONTINUOUS: (FOR FUTURE ARRAGEMENTS) Utilizamos el present continuous para preparativos futuros, los cuales ya estaban planeados ó establecidos en el tiempo y lugar.

No se puede utilizar el present simple para hablar de futuro

El presente continuo (present continuous) es especialmente común utilizarlo con las expresiones: tonight, tomorrow, this weekend.

El present continuous se utiliza con estos verbos: go, come, see, leave y arrive.

AFIRMATIVE: I ´m seeing some friends tonight; We´re having dinner at their house tomorrow

NEGATIVE: She isn´t leaving until Friday; They aren´t coming to the party

INTERROGATIVE: What are you doing this evening? ; Is she meeting us at the cinema?


7

Crab:/ Krach/ Cangrejo

Mussels:/ Mʌslz/Mejilones

Prawns: /Prɔ:nz/ Gambas

Salmon: /Saemən/ Salmón

Squid: / Skwid/ Calamar

Tuna: / ´Tju:nɔ/Atún

Beef: /Bi:f/ Carne de vaca

Chicken: /´tʃikin/ Pollo

Duck: /Dʌk/ Pato

Lamb: /Laem/ Cordero

Pork: / Pɔ:k/ Cerdo

Aubergine: /´əʊbeʒi:n/ Berenjena (Inglés Americano: Eggplant)

Beetroot: /´Bi:tru:t/ Remolacha

Cabbage: / ´Kaebidʒ/ Repollo, berza, col

Cherries: /´Tʃeriz/ Cerezas

Courgette: /Kɔ:´ʒet/Calabacín (Inglés Americano: Zucchini)

Cucumber: / ´Kju:kʌmbə/ Pepino

Grapes: /Greips/ Uvas

Green beans: /Gri:n bi:nz/ Judías verdes

Lemon: /Ləman/ Limón

Mango: /Maengəʊ/ Mango

Melon: /Melən/ Melón

Peach: /Pi:tʃ/ Melocotón

Pear: /Peə/Pera

Raspberries: /´Ra:zbəriz/ Frambruesas

Red pepper: /red ´pepə/ Pimiento rojo

Oily: /Ɔili/ Aceitoso, empalagoso, meloso

Head Chef: Chef

Spinach: Espinaca

Bill: Cuenta

Noodle: Fideos, tallarines

Ready- cooked: Comida precocinada


8

Bit down: Desanimado

Low-fat: Bajo en grasa

Steak: /steik/ Filete

Well done: Bien/muy hecho

Medium: No muy hecho, en su punto

Rare: Poco hecho/cocido

Heat up: Calentar

Fat: Grasa

Soup: Sopa

Wholemeal: Integral

Dishes: Platos

Stew: Estofado

Portion: Porción

Strange: /streɪndʒ/ Raro, extraño

Eat out: Comer fuera

Honey: Miel

PAST SIMPLE

PAST SIMPLE NEGATIVE

ESTRUCTURA: VERB + ED

STAY – STAYED

LIKE – LIKED

WORK - WORKED

STOP - STOPPED

ESTRUCTURA: DID NOT OR DIDN´T + VERB INFINITIVE (con I/YOU/ SHE/HE/IT/WE / THEY)

I DIDN´T WORK


9

PAST SIMPLE INTERROGATIVE

PAST CONTINUOUS AFIRMATIVE

PAST CONTINUOUS NEGATIVE�

PAST CONTINUOUS INTERROGATIVE

ESTRUCTURA: DID + SUBJECT + VERB

DID YOU STAY IN A HOTEL?

YES, I DID

NO, I DIDN´T

ESTRUCTURA: WAS + SUBJECT + VERB +ING

I/HE/SHE/IT + WAS+VERB+ ING

I WAS WORKING

YOU/WE/ THEY + WERE + VERB +ING

YOU WERE WORKING

ESTRUCTURA: WASN´T + SUBJECT + VERB +ING

I/HE/SHE/IT + WASN´T +VERB+ ING

I WASN´T WORKING

YOU/WE/ THEY + WERE + VERB +ING

ESTRUCTURA: WAS / WERE + SUBJECT + VERB +ING

WAS HE WORKING?

WERE THEY WORKING?

YES, HE WAS

NO, HE WASN´T

YES, THEY WERE


10

Usamos el PAST CONTINUOUS para describir una acción en PROGRESO en un MOMENTO ESPECÍFICO EN EL PASADO.

AT SIX O´CLOCK LAST NIGHT I WAS DRIVING HOME

ON APRIL 1ST I WAS STAYING SOME FRIENDS IN THE COUNTRY

PAST SIMPLE OR PAST CONTINUOUS? WHEN I TOOK THE PHOTO, THEY WERE WRITING A SONG.

I WAS SITTING AT HOME WHEN I SAW THE NEWS ON TV.

Usamos el PAST SIMPLE para una ACCIÓN COMPLETA en el PASADO

I TOOK THE PHOTO/ I SAW THE NEWS

Usamos el PAST CONTINUOUS para UNA ACCIÓN EN PROGRESO en un MOMENTO ESPECÍFICO EN EL PASADO.

THEY WERE WRTING A SONG/ I WAS SITTING AT HOME

Bowl: / Bəʊl/ Bol, tazón

Cut out: Suprimir

Cut down: Reducir, disminuir

Light: Ligero

Carbohydrates: Hidratos de carbono

Entire: Entero, completo

Full: Completo, lleno

Miss: Echar de menos

Trifle: Postre hecho a base de capas de bizcocho, fruta, crema y nata.

Nightmare: Pesadilla

Step: Paso, pisada

Captain: /´Kaeptin/ Capitán

Coach: / Cəʊtʃ/ Entrenador

Fans: Afición, hinchas

Players: Jugadores

Referee: / Refə´ri:/ Árbrito

Spectators: Espectadores

Team: /Ti:m/ Equipo

Stadium: / Steidiəm/ Estadio


11

Sport hall: Polideportivo, gimnasio

Circuit: / ´Sɜ:kit/ Circuito

Court: / Kɔ:t/ Pista

Golf Course: Campo de golf

Pitch: Campo de fútbol

Pool: Piscina

Slope: /Sləʊp/ Descenso

Track: /Traek/ Pista

Ski: /Ski:/ Esquiar

Motorcycling: /´məʊtə saɪklɪŋ/Motociclismo

Tennis: /´Tenis/ Tenis

Basketball: /ˈBɑːskɪtbɔːl/ Baloncesto

Football: /ˈFʊtbɔːl/ Fútbol

Rugby: / Rʌgbi/ Rugby

Hockey: /Hɒki/ Hockey

Swimming: /Swimin/ Natación, nadar

Diving: / ´Daivin/ Buceo

SPORTS VERBS:

Beat: Vencer

Win: Ganar

Lose: Perder

Draw: /Drɔ:/ Empatar

Team Talk: Charla técnica

Warm up: Calentamiento

Kick: Lanzar con el pie, patear

Pass: Pasar

Head: Cabecear

Shoot: Disparar (lanzar a puerta)

YOU WIN A MATCH, COMPETITION, MEDAL OR THROPY.

YOU BEAT ANOTHER TEAM OR PERSON.


12

Score: Anotar, marcar

Miss: Echar fuera

Save: Parar, ahorrar, salvar

Tackle: Entrada, derribar

Foul: Falta

Free Kick: Falta directa

Corner: Córner

Penalty: Penalty

Goal: Portería

Dribble: Regatear

Do: Hacer

Train: Entrenar

Get injured: /´indʒəd/ Lesionarse

Get fit: Mantenerse en forma

Go: Ir

Play: Jugar

Archery: / ´ɑ:tʃeri/ Tiro con arco

Fencing: /fensin/ Esgrima

Cycling: Ciclismo

Golf: Golf

Baseball: Béisbol

Badminton: Badminton

Surfing: Surf

Wrestling: Lucha libre

Skiing: / ´Ski:in/ Esquiar

Shot putting: Lanzamiento de peso

Ice hockey: Hockey sobre hielo

Running: Correr

Show jumping: Salto equestre

Ice Skating: Patinaje sobre hielo

Field: Campo, cancha

Pitch: Campo de fútbol


13

Ring: Cuadrilátero, ring

Rink: Pista de hielo

Table: Mesa

Pool: Piscina

Box: Caja

Circle: Circulo, corro

Bat: Bate

Racket: Raqueta

Net: Red

Puck: Disco

Gloves: Guantes

Stick: Palo

Goggles: Gafas protectoras

Wall: Pared

Shuttlecock: Volante, pluma

Target: Blanco, Diana

Wicket: Palo, aro

Boots: Botas

Club: / Klʌb/ Palo de golf

Tee: Tee

Basket: Canasta

Arrow: / aerəʊ/ Flecha

Gum shield: Protector bucal

Backboard: /ˈbækbɔːd/ Tablero

Skates: Patines

Cheat: /Tʃi:t/ Hacer trampas, tramposo

Goal: Gol

Show: Mostrar

Give: Dar

Partly: En parte

God: Dios

Hand: Mano


14

Waiting: Esperando

Get: Conseguir, obtener

Medal: Medalla

Cheering: Animación, alentador, ovación

Crowd: Multitud

Suddendly: De pronto

Shout: Gritar

Banned: Prohibir, expulsar, inhabilitar

Hitting: Golpear

Against: Contra

Shocking: / ´Sɒkin/ Estremecedor, impactante

Sword:/ Sɔ:d/ Espada

Scoreboard: Tablero

Disgrace: Deshonra

LAS PARTES DEL CUERPO SIEMPRE VAN SEGUIDAS DE UN ADJETIVO POSESIVO

MARADONA SCORED A GOAL WITH HIS HAND

PAST PERFECT: HAD +PAST PARTICIPLE

Usamos el PAST PERFECT cuando hablamos acerca del pasado y quieras hablar de una acción cercana en el pasado.

WHEN THEY TURNED ON THE TV, THE MATCH HAD FINISHED

I FELT NERVOUS BECAUSE I HADN´T FLOWN BEFORE


15

Nil: Cero (deportes)

Quit: Parar

USING NARRATIVE TENSES TOGETHER: WHEN JOHN ARRIVED, THEY HAD DINNER (PRIMERO LLEGÓ JOHN, DESPUÉS CENARON) SECUENCIACIÓN

WHEN JOHN ARRIVED, THEY WERE HAVING DINNER (CUANDO LLEGÓ JOHN, ESTABAN CENANDO) ACCIÓN EN PROGRESO

WHEN JOHN ARRIVED, THEY HAD HAD DINNER (HABÍAN CENADO CUANDO JOHN LLEGÓ).

GRAMMATICAL RULES: 1. Para formar el PASADO SIMPLE de los verbos regulares, añadimos la

terminación ED al verbo.

WANT: WANTED, LEARN: LEARNED, STAY: STAYED, WALK: WALKED, SHOW: SHOWED

2. Para los verbos que terminan en E sólo añadimos D. CHANGE: CHANGED, BELIVE: BELIEVED

3. Si el verbo termina en una vocal corta y una consonante (EXCEPTO “Y” O “W”) doblamos la consonante final. STOP: STOPPED, COMMIT: COMMITED

4. Con verbos que terminan en una sola consonante y una “y” cambiamos la “y” por una “i”. STUDY: STUDIED TRY: TRIED

PRONUNCIATION:

Pronunciamos la terminación ED dependiendo de la letra que va al final del infinitivo. En general la E es MUDA

1. Con los infinitivos que terminan en “P”, “F”, “K” o “S” (Consonantes sordas excepto “T” pronunciamos la terminación ED como una “T” (LOOKED, KISSED, SHOPPED, PICKED, WISHED, CRUNCHED)

2. Con los infinitivos que terminan en “B”, “G”, “L”, “M”, “N”, “ V”, “Z” (Consonantes sonoras excepto “D”) o una vocal, pronunciamos la terminación ED como una D ( YELLED, CLEANED, LIVED, CHILLED, ENJOYED, TRIED)

3. Con los infinitivos que terminan en “D” o “ T” pronunciamos la E como una “i” (NEEDED, HATED, DATED, STEATED, ENDED, WAITED)


16

Brush: Limpiarse, cepillarse los dientes

Comb: Peinarse

Iron: Planchar, plancha

Pick up: Recoger

Receipt: Factura

Peak: Cima, cumbre

Facilities: Instalaciones

Career: /Kə´riə/ Carrera

DO YOU LIKE SPORTS? WHAT SPORT (S) DO YOU PLAY?

HAVE YOU EVER WON A CUP OR A THROPY?

HAVE YOU EVER BEEN INJURED DOING SPORT?

DO YOU PREFER DOING SPORT OR BEING A SPECTATOR?

DO YOU PREFER WATCHING INDIVIDUAL OR TEAM SPORT?

DO YOU WATCH A LOCAL SPORT TEAM?

ARE THERE GOOD SPORTS FACILITIES IN YOUR TOWN?

IS THERE ANY SPORT YOU´D LIKE TO LEARN TO PLAY WELL?

HOW MANY HOURS DO YOU SPEND A WEEK WATCHING SPORT ON TV?

WHAT SPORTS DO / DID YOU HAVE TO DO AT SCHOOL?

DO /DID YOU ENJOY IT?

DO YOU DO ANY SPORT IN YOUR FREE TIME?

DO YOU THINK YOU´RE FIT? WOULD YOU LIKE TO GET FITTER?

DO YOUR FAMILY AND FRIENDS LIKE SPORT?

IS THERE ANY SPORT YOU DON´T MIND WATCHING ON TV?

WHAT SPORT DO YOU HATE WATCHING MOST ON TV?

HAVE YOU EVER BEEN TO A BIG SPORTING OCCASION?

DO YOU THINK PHYSICAL EDUCATION SHOULD BE OPTIONAL AT SCHOOL?


17

Crowd: /Kraʊd/ Multitud

Jockey: /´Dʒɒki/ Jokey

Race: / Reis/ Carrera

Ban: /Baen/ Prohibir

Protest: / Prə´test/ Protestar

Retire: / Ri´taiə/ Retirarse

Whistle: Pitido

Peak: /Pi:k/ Cima, cumbre

Loss: Pérdida

Comeback: Regreso, retorno

Failure: / Feiliər/ Fracaso

Fail: Fracasar

Successful: Exitoso

Fulfil: Realizarse

Saddest: Lamentable

Develvop: Desarrollar

Disease: Enfermedad

Shot: Disparar

Sadly: Tristemente, desafortunadamente

Depresssed: Deprimido

Depression: Depresión

Glamorous: Glamuroso

Glamour: Encanto, glamour

Lose: / Lu:z/ Perder

Recognize: Identificar, reconocer

Recognition: Reconocimiento, identificación

Retirement: /Ri´taiəment/ Retiro, jubilación

Couple: Pareja

Partner: /ˈpɑːtnəʳ/ Compañero

Fiancé: Prometido, novio

Fiancée: Prometida, novia

Colleague: Compañero de trabajo


18

Close friend: Amigo íntimo

Classmate: Compañero o amigo del colegio o de la escuela

Meet: Conocerse por primera vez

Get to know: Conocer a alguien

Become friends: Hacerse amigo

Have common: Tener en común

Go out together: Salir juntos

Be together: Estar juntos

Break up: Romper

Lose touch: Perder de vista

Get in touch: Contactar con

Get on: Llevarse bien con

Propose: Proponer

Get married: Casarse

Engaged: Comprometido

Straightaway: Enseguida

Great-grandparents: Bisabuelos

Great-great-grandparents: Tatarabuelos

Cousins: Primos

Couples: Parejas

Stepmother: Madrastra

Half-brothers: Hermanastros, medio hermanos

Single-parent families: Familias monoparentales

In-laws: Familia política

Relatives: Parientes

Extended family: Familia amplia

Siblings: Hermanos y hermanas

Parents: Padres

Spouse: Cónjuge

Child: Hijo/a

Uncle: Tío

Aunt: Tía


19

GOING TO: SUBJECT +BE + GOING TO + INFINITIVE ( PLANS AND PREDICTIONS) Usamos be going to + infinitive para hablar acerca de planes futuros y predicciones.

I´m going to work in the UK for six month (plan)

I think it´s going to rain this afternoon (prediction)

Cuando usamos going to go to podemos omitir to go

I ´m going to go to university next year ó I´m going to university next year.

GOING TO + INFINITIVE POSITIVE:

I ´m going to work in a restaurant

She´s going to meet me at the airport

GOING TO + INFINITIVE NEGATIVE:

We aren´t going to stay very long

He isn´t going to like the weather there

GOING TO + INFINITIVE INTERROGATIVE:

Are you going to find a job?

When is your brother going to visit you?

PRESENT CONTINUOUS: (FOR FUTURE ARRAGEMENTS) Utilizamos el present continuous para preparativos futuros, los cuales ya estaban planeados o establecidos en el tiempo y lugar.

No se puede utilizar el present simple para hablar de futuro

El presente continuo (present continuous) es especialmente común utilizarlo con las expresiones: tonight, tomorrow, this weekend.

El present continuous se utiliza con estos verbos: go, come, see, leave y arrive.

AFIRMATIVE: I ´m seeing some friends tonight; We´re having dinner at their house tomorrow

NEGATIVE: She isn´t leaving until Friday; They aren´t coming to the party

INTERROGATIVE: What are you doing this evening? ; Is she meeting us at the cinema?


20

WILL /WON´T + INFINITIVE (PREDICCIONES) AFIRMATIVE:

I/ YOU/HE/SHE/ IT/ WE/ THEY + WILL BE+ WORD

I´LL BE LATE

NEGATIVE:

I/ YOU/HE/SHE/ IT/ WE / THEY + WON´T BE+ WORD

I WON´T BE LATE

Usamos WILL/WON´T + INFINITIVE para predicciones en el futuro. Pero también podemos utilizar going to.

CONTRACCIONES: I´LL = I WILL; WON´T= WILL NOT

El futuro de there is/are es there will be

El future de I can es I´ll be able to

INTERROGATIVE:

WILL I/YOU/HE/SHE/IT/WE/THEY BE LATE?

YES, I/YOU/HE/SHE/IT/WE/THEY WILL

NO, /YOU/HE/SHE/IT/WE/THEY WON´T

WILL/ WON´T + INFINITIVE: PREDICTIONS:

We will live on the moon in the future

It will rain at Christmas

It will be very cold this winter

Will it rain this winter?

It won´t rain (will not)

PROMISES:

(I promise) I´ll do it

OFFERS:

I´ll carry it for you

I´ll do it for you

I´ll help you

INSTANT DECISION (AT THE MOMENT OF SPEAKING): Tomar la decisión en ese momento

I´ll have roast beef

I´ll clean the car


21

SHALL: Usamos SHALL …? OR SHALL WE…? Cuando el ofrecimiento es una pre-gunta. Shall I pay?

Shall we call you tonight at 7.00?

PRESENT SIMPLE: �Lo usamos con cosas que ocurren siempre o normalmente

I live in the city centre

She doesn´t smoke

PRESENT CONTINUOUS: Lo usamos para cosas que están ocurriendo ahora o en un futuro cercano

He´s looking for a new job

I´m leaving tomorrow

�PAST SIMPLE: Lo usamos con acciones acabadas en el pasado

We saw a good film last night

We didn´t do anything yesterday

PAST CONTINUOUS: Lo usamos con acciones que están en progreso en un tiempo pasado

He was working in Paris

What were you doing at 7.00?

GOING TO + INFITIVE: Lo usamos para planes futuros y predicciones

I´m going to see Tom tonight;

It ´s going to rain

WILL/WON´T + INFINITIVE: Lo usamos para predicciones, decisiones tomadas en ese momento, ofrecimientos y promesas

You´ll love New York, I´ll phone her later, I´ll help you, I´ll pay you back tomorrow


22

Grandfather: Abuelo

Grandmother: Abuela

Nephew: Sobrino

Niece: Sobrina

Grandson: Nieto

Granddaughter: Nieta

Half-sister: Hermanastra, medio hermana

Step-father: Padrastro

Sister in law: Cuñada

Brother in law: Cuñado

Ex-husband: Exmarido

Ex-wife: Exmujer

Step-son: Hijastro

Step-daughter: Hijastra

About: Acerca, sobre

Board: Tablón

Frighten: Asustar

Hear: Oír

Playground: Juegos, parque infantil

Rude: Grosero

Rules: Norma, decreto, ley

Said: Decir

See: Ver

Spend: Gastar, pasar el tiempo

Suburb: Barrrio residencial, periférico, suburbio

Told: Contar

Towards: Hacia

Under: Debajo

Waste: Derrochar, despilfarrar, malgastar, perder

Bring up: Criar

Cool: Guay, tranquila, de moda


23

Spiky: Con puntas, puntiagudo

Kids: Niños/as

Age gap: Diferencia de edad

Make it up: Inventar

Poor: Pobre, humilde

Pinch: Pellizcar, pellizco

Criticized: Criticar

Very close: Muy íntimo, cercano

Blame: Culpar, culpa

Jealous: / Dʒeləs/ Celoso

Ambitious: Ambicioso

Generous: Generoso

Sociable: / ´Səʊʃəbl/ Sociable

Reliable: Responsable, fiable

Responsible: Responsable

Sensible: Sensato

Competitive: Competitivo

Talkative: Hablador

Aggressive: Agresivo

Sensitive: Sensible

Unfriendly: Antipático

Insecure: Inseguro

Impatient: Impaciente

Selfish: Egoista

Quiet: Tranquilo

Introvert: Introvertido

Charming: Encantador

Spoilt: Consentido

Self-confident: Seguro

Independent: Independiente

Affectionate: /ə´fekʃənət/ Cariñoso, afectuoso

Bossy: Mandón, autoritario


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Manipulative: Manipulador

Moody: Malhumorado

Extrovert: Extrovertido

Hard-working: Trabajador

Mean: Tacaño, mezquino

Stupid: Estúpido, soso

Clever: Listo, inteligente

Lazy: Perezoso

Shy: Tímido

Honest: /´ɒnist/ Honesto

Imaginative: Imaginativo, creativo

Kind: Amable

Organized: Organizado, eficiente, ordenado

Patient: / ´Peiʃnt/ Paciente

Tidy: / ´ Taidi/ Ordenado

You´re kidding: Me tomas el pelo

I don´t believe it: No lo creo

Really?: ¿De verdad?

That´s great news: Buenas noticias

How fantastic!: Genial

What a great idea: Estupenda idea

Oh, no!: Oh, no

What a pity: Qué pena/lástima

Never mind: No importa

HOW + ADJETIVE, WHAT + NOUN:

Solemos usar a menudo How + adjetive or What + noun para responder a lo que la gente dice.

HOW INTERESTING!, HOW AWFUL!, HOW AMAZING!

WHAT A PITY!, WHAT A GREAT IDEA!, WHAT TERRIBLE NEWS!


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Amazing: Sorprendente

Mom: Mamá (inglés Americano)

Mum: Mamá (Inglés Británico)

Apartment: Piso, apartamento (Inglés Americano)

Flat: Piso (Inglés Británico)

Finds Out: Encontrar, obtener información

Nutritionist: Nutricionista, dietista

Jam: Mermelada

Hardly: Apenas

Rejects: Rechazar, marginar, cosa defectuosa

Slice: Rebana, rodaja, tajada

Refuse: Negarse, rechazar

Solid: Solido

Cake: Tarta

Skimmed: Desnatada

Spread: Extender

Crave: Anhelar, ansíar

Choking: Ahogarse, atragantarse

In advance: De antemano

Check: Asegurarse

Bring: Traer

Protein: Proteinas

YOU KNOW, I MEAN: Son frases que te dan tiempo para pensar en lo que dirás después.

english intermediate_ lesson a1.pdf

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