Assimilation

AssimilationFebriani 2215132968Leini Nadira Rambe 2215132970Ratih Kisdiani 2215130472

DefinitionTerminology :From Latin assimilatio, meaning "to render similar

DefinitionAssimilation is a significant difference in natural connected speech; the way sounds belonging to one word can cause changes in sounds belonging to neighboring sounds. (Peter Roach)Assimilation is a phonological process is which a segment changes to resemble its neighbors more closely. In partial assimilation, the targeted segment takes on some, but not all, of the characteristic of the source segment.

The purpose of learning itTo notice every single word when someone is speaking naturally, especially native speaker.

CharacteristicAssimilation is something which varies in extent according to speaking rate and style; its more likely to be found in rapid and casual speech; less likely in slow and careful speech.Generally in speaking, assimilation usually affecting consonants.

Example1. If you notice it already, that person who standing above the light blue of the sky is my father.2. Haha. Dont be silly.3. That careful act will make you get those advantageous things in vary day.4.Hey, good night!5. That side is a reason why I love him.

Type of Assimilation

Progressive Assimilation If the phoneme changes to match the preceding phoneme, it is progressive assimilation. Example : Get them get m Becomes gettmRead these rid i:z become ri:ddi:z

Regressive Assimilation If the phoneme changes to match the following phoneme, it is regressive assimilation. Example : good girl/gug g:l/

Identifying Assimilation

Assimilation of place Assimilation of place is most clearly observable in some cases where a final consonant with alveolar is followed by an initial consonant with not alveolar. Example : the final consonant in that = t Is alveolar t . The /t/ will become /p/ before a bilabial consonant as in that person = p p:snBefore a dental consonant /t/ will change to a dental plosive.Example : that thing =t , get those= get z , cut through= kt ruBefore a velar consonant, the /t/ will become /k/ Example : that case=k kes , bright colour=brak kl: , quite good= kwak gdIn similar contexts, /d/ would become /b/ , /d/, /g/ and /n/ would become /m/ , /n/, / /Assimilation of place is only noticeable in this regressive assimilation of alveolar consonants; it is not something that foreign learners need to learn to do.

Assimilation of mannerAssimilation of manner is much less noticeable and is only found in the most rapid and casual speech. It is thus possible to find cases where final plosive becomes a fricative or nasal for example that side = s sad , good night=gn natIn one particular case we find progressive assimilation of manner, when // follows a plosive or nasal at the end of preceding word. For example : in the = n becomes lnnGet them= get m Becomes gettmRead these = rid i:z becomes ri:ddi:z

Assimilation of voiceAssimilation of voice is also found, but again only in a limited way. If the final phoneme is a voiced consonant and the initial phoneme is voiceless, we often find that voiced consonant has no voicing. But final phoneme is voiceless and initial phoneme is voiced, a context in which in many languages, final phoneme would become voiced, assimilation of voice never takes place; consider the following example : I like that black dog = a lak t blk dg It is typical of many foreign learners of English that allow regressive assimilation of voicing to change the final /k/ of like to /g/ , the final /t/ of that to /d/ and the final /k/ of black to /g/. This creates a very strong impression of foreign accent, and is something that should obviously be avoided.

Assimilation of Voice An example of a type of assimilation that has become fixed is the progressive assimilation of voice with the suffixes /s/ and /z/; when a verb carries a third person singular -s suffix or a noun carries an -s plural suffix or an -s possessive suffix, that suffix will pronounced as /s/ if the preceding consonant is fortis (voiceless) and as /z/ if the preceding consonant is lenis (voiced)For example:Cats = kts ; Jumps= dmps ; Dogs= dgz ; Runs= rnz