English Revolution and Constitutional Monarch 20.1 and 20.2

Powdered Heads to Powdered Kegs

What is the big picture?

• 1600s-1800s are time of REVOLUTIONS! All types of revolutions!

• For example the French overthrew their king and set up a republic

• The English replaced one king with another and greatly limited the power of the monarchy

• The British colonists in the Americas will revolt

• Agricultural Revolution

• Scientific Revolution

• Philosophical Revolution

Let’s Begin With King Elizabeth

From there it seems to be all downhill...

King Elizabeth

Queen James I

whoops, I meant King

James I

Charles I

Charles IDivine Right of Kings means he doesn’t listen to Parliment

They present him with the Petition of Right • king can’t tax people w/out permission of Parliment•he can’t declare martial law• can’t quarter soldiers in private homes in times of peace• can’t imprison someone w/out a specific charge

he signed but ignored it - continued to tax as wanted - he dismissed Parliment because they kept complaining

Charles I He made people angry!1.kept Parliment dissolved2.made church services more formal (like the Catholic ceremonies) this angered Puritans3.Used royal courts against his enemies...the Puritans4.no quarantee of civil liberties5.no juries and judges made decisions in secret - like the infamous Star Chamber6.people didn’t like his absolute rule

Charles INational Covenant and Scottish Rebellion!•As Presbyterian Protestants they resent the forcing of Anglican ceremonies!•They signed the National Covenant stating they would never do this...they were loyal to their church more than their (resented-hated) British king•Charles I invades 2x but finally has to call in Parliment (and they aren’t leaving now!)

Long Parliment

• King can’t dissolve Parliment• Parliment must meet at least one time every 3 years• tried to change Anglican Church but that wasn’t successful

New Laws

Meanwhile....bloody rebellion in British controlled lands of Ireland

Parliment said they needed an army - Charles refused - Civil War Began in 1642

English Civil War

Cavaliers Roundheads

English Civil War Oliver Cromwell

Supporters of parliament = Roundheads and extreme Calvinist those Puritans

Under Oliver Cromwell (military genius)Run Charles I outParliment now the Rump ParlimentEngland is a Commonwealth now

Guess now would be a good time to leave town!I’ll go to Scotland

psst...he didn’t make it - Cromwell had him beheaded!

English Civil War Oliver Cromwell

Life is tough under Cromwell!1653-1658 Life was ugly!lots of battleslots of gossip

His rule - the Protectorate - was unpopular!

English Civil War Oliver Cromwell

This rule would have ended earlier except for :

1. raised enough $ from taxes and land sales to make sure the army was well trained and equipped.

2. Army was disciplined & powerful

3. Enemies were not organized

English Civil War Trade and the Dutch!

I’m not letting the Dutch controll all the trade and make all the money!

Navigation Act of 1651• all goods coming to England from other countries need to be carried on English ships or by ships of the producing country.• War with Dutch!

End of English Civil War

Cromwell dismissed ParlimentHe ruled aloneHe died1660 Parliment invited Charles II to come back and be king!This is the period of Restoration!

Put It In Order

1.Parliament passed Petition of Rights2.Charles I refused to call Parliament to session3. Long Parliament began4.Civil War broke out5. Cromwell had Charles I killed6.Cromwell ruled as lord protector7. Cromwell “failed” to set up a constitution8. Parliament invited Charles II to be King of England

Constitutional Monarchy

Constitutional Monarchy

The Kings Return

Charles II Restoration Rebirth of English Culture

Constitutional Monarchy

The Kings Return Avoided fights with

Parliament Did fight with Dutch and

won the American colony of New Amsterdam (renamed it New York)

French and British rivalry restarts - this one lasts 150 years!

Constitutional Monarchy

The Kings Return Wanted

toleration of Catholicism

Parliment hated that!

He was forced to abandon any efforts to bring religious toleration

•Charles II (Catholic) has no heir (the one that came back as the 1st king after the Cromwell fiasco - civil war

•It looks like James II - his brother - an avowed Catholic might inherit!

•England is divided over this issue

•Not enough for another bloody civil war (the one with Cavaliers and Roundheads)

•This will be a peaceful revolution

Constitutional Monarchy

outlaws believed James II

(Roman Catholic) should rule

believed in Anglican Church

believed in monarchy - enough to accept a Roman Catholic ruler like James

horse thief = rebellious

OMG! James II is Catholic!

need/want strong Parliament and believed they had the right to oppose James as ruler

Tories Whigs

James II seems to be inheriting

the throne

Parliment divides over who should inherit throneWhigs v. Tories

Parliment offersthrone to Protestant Mary (daughter of James II) and husband William of Orange

Glorious Revolutionpower passed without bloodshedEnglish Bill of Rights signed

The Enlightenment ThinkersThe Enlightenment Thinkers

ll Thomas HobbesThomas HobbesThe Social ContractThe Social Contract

ll Thought people were naturally wicked and evilThought people were naturally wicked and evil(lived through the English Civil War).(lived through the English Civil War).

ll Thought people needed a strong ruler to maintainThought people needed a strong ruler to maintainorder.order.

ll S/CS/C People give up a little liberty (freedom) to a People give up a little liberty (freedom) to agovernment that provides organization (law andgovernment that provides organization (law andorder)order)

ll Best type of government: Monarchy, King Best type of government: Monarchy, King

John Locke (1632-1704)

Letter onLetter onTolerationToleration ,,16891689Two Treatises ofTwo Treatises ofGovernmentGovernment, 1690, 1690Some ThoughtsSome ThoughtsConcerningConcerningEducationEducation, 1693, 1693TheTheReasonablenessReasonablenessof Christianityof Christianity,,16951695

John Locke’s Philosophy (I)

The individual must become aThe individual must become a““rational creature.rational creature.””Virtue can be learned and practiced.Virtue can be learned and practiced.Human beings possess free will.Human beings possess free will.

ßß they should be prepared for freedom.they should be prepared for freedom.ßß obedience should be out of conviction,obedience should be out of conviction,

not out of fear.not out of fear.

Legislators owe their power to aLegislators owe their power to acontractcontract with the peoplewith the people..Neither kings nor wealth are divinelyNeither kings nor wealth are divinelyordained.ordained.

John Locke’s Philosophy (II)

There are certain natural rightsThere are certain natural rightsthat are endowed by God to allthat are endowed by God to allhuman beings.human beings.

ßß life, liberty, property!life, liberty, property!

The doctrine of the Divine RightThe doctrine of the Divine Rightof Kings was nonsense.of Kings was nonsense.

He favored a republic as the bestHe favored a republic as the bestform of government.form of government.

Parliment likes these philosophies!

Habeas Corpus Act 1679produce the body....judge will hear the charges

protects against unfair arrest and imprisonment

Changes in Gov’t

•Toleration Act - Religious Freedoms (protect everyone but Roman Catholics and Jews)

• Act of Settlement 1701 - Keeps Catholics from the throne - if William III dies with no heirs then throne goes to Mary’s Protestant sister Anne...and so on - always to Protestants

1700 England is a Constitutional Monarchy

Parliament

House of Lords House of Commons

Prime Minister Cabinet

Act of Union - united Scotland and England

Scotland didn’t like it

encouraged trade

Foundations of Our Rights and Freedoms

Rights & Freedoms Eng. Bill of Rights Va Declaration of Rights Bill of RightsMagna Carta

Trail by jury

No unreasonablesearch or seizures

No cruel punishment

No excessive bailor fines

Right to bear arms

Right to Petition

Freedom of Speech

Freedom of Press

Freedom of Religion

Due Process

Private property