English SettlementsEnglish Settlements

Several factors led to England’s growth Several factors led to England’s growth in colonization: defeat of Spanish in colonization: defeat of Spanish

Armada, population growth (economic Armada, population growth (economic growth), joint stock companiesgrowth), joint stock companies

JamestownJamestown

King James I chartered King James I chartered Virginia Co. (joint-stock) that Virginia Co. (joint-stock) that est. first permanent English est. first permanent English colony in N. America in 1607colony in N. America in 1607

Great hardships: Indian Great hardships: Indian attacks, famine and diseaseattacks, famine and disease

Many settlers wanted gold! Many settlers wanted gold! And refused to farm/huntAnd refused to farm/hunt

Captain John Smith’s Captain John Smith’s leadership helped the leadership helped the struggling colonystruggling colony

John Rolfe est. tobacco John Rolfe est. tobacco industryindustry

JamestownJamestown

John RolfeJohn Rolfe John Rolfe develops a sweeter John Rolfe develops a sweeter strain of tobacco to sell in strain of tobacco to sell in EuropeEurope

Marries PocahontasMarries Pocahontas

This brings financial prosperity This brings financial prosperity to the colonyto the colony

This required a large labor This required a large labor force: indentured servantsforce: indentured servants

In 1619 African slaves arrive In 1619 African slaves arrive for the first time for the first time

Both are used for laborBoth are used for labor

JamestownJamestown

The Virginia Company fell The Virginia Company fell heavily into debt and went heavily into debt and went bankruptbankrupt

The company’s charter was The company’s charter was revoked in 1624 and Virginia revoked in 1624 and Virginia came under the direct control came under the direct control of King James Iof King James I

Virginia became the first royal Virginia became the first royal colonycolony

Puritan ColoniesPuritan Colonies

Religious Motivation (Plymouth and Mass. Bay)Religious Motivation (Plymouth and Mass. Bay)

Settled by English Protestants who were influenced by John Settled by English Protestants who were influenced by John Calvin’s teachings, including Calvin’s teachings, including predestinationpredestination

In the early 1600s many people in England wanted to change the In the early 1600s many people in England wanted to change the Church of EnglandChurch of England

They wanted to “purify” their church of Catholic influencesThey wanted to “purify” their church of Catholic influences

James I viewed these Protestants as a threat and had them James I viewed these Protestants as a threat and had them arrested and jailedarrested and jailed

The Plymouth ColonyThe Plymouth Colony

Separatists: wanted to Separatists: wanted to organize a completely organize a completely separate church, independent separate church, independent of royal controlof royal control

These Pilgrims first migrated to These Pilgrims first migrated to Holland and then to AmericaHolland and then to America

Set sail for VA in 1620Set sail for VA in 1620

After 65 days the After 65 days the MayflowerMayflower landed off MA coastlanded off MA coast

Rather than go to VA they est. Rather than go to VA they est. Plymouth ColonyPlymouth Colony

The Plymouth ColonyThe Plymouth Colony

After a harsh winter the After a harsh winter the settlers at Plymouth befriend settlers at Plymouth befriend the Native Americans and the Native Americans and adapt to the landadapt to the land

First Thanksgiving: 1621First Thanksgiving: 1621

Strong leadership of Capt. Strong leadership of Capt. Miles Standish and Gov. Miles Standish and Gov. William BradfordWilliam Bradford

Fish, furs and lumber help the Fish, furs and lumber help the economy groweconomy grow

Massachusetts Bay ColonyMassachusetts Bay Colony

Charles I continued to Charles I continued to persecute Puritans, so another persecute Puritans, so another group set out for religious group set out for religious freedom (not Separatists)freedom (not Separatists)

They gained a royal charter They gained a royal charter and in 1630 about one and in 1630 about one thousand set sail, led by John thousand set sail, led by John WinthropWinthrop

They landed in MA and They landed in MA and founded Bostonfounded Boston

The English civil war drove The English civil war drove thousands out of England thousands out of England (Great Migration),(Great Migration), many to MA many to MA Bay Colony Bay Colony

Early Political InstitutionsEarly Political Institutions

PlymouthPlymouth: Aboard the : Aboard the Mayflower Mayflower the Pilgrims drew the Pilgrims drew up and signed the Mayflower up and signed the Mayflower CompactCompact

Pledged to make decisions by Pledged to make decisions by the will of the majoritythe will of the majority

Represented early form of Represented early form of colonial self-govt. and early colonial self-govt. and early form of written constitutionform of written constitution

Early Political InstitutionsEarly Political Institutions

The VA Company sought to The VA Company sought to encourage settlement in encourage settlement in Jamestown by guaranteeing Jamestown by guaranteeing colonists the same right they colonists the same right they had had in Englandhad had in England

This included the right to be This included the right to be represented in the lawmaking represented in the lawmaking processprocess

IN 1619, 12 years after the IN 1619, 12 years after the founding of Jamestown, VA’s founding of Jamestown, VA’s colonists organized the first colonists organized the first representative assembly in representative assembly in America: Virginia House of America: Virginia House of BurgessesBurgesses

Early Political InstitutionsEarly Political Institutions

In the MA Bay Colony there In the MA Bay Colony there were limited democratic were limited democratic actionsactions

All free men – male members All free men – male members of the Puritan Church-had the of the Puritan Church-had the right to participate in yearly right to participate in yearly elections of the colony’s elections of the colony’s governor and his assistantsgovernor and his assistants

Early Political InstitutionsEarly Political Institutions

Only male property owners Only male property owners could vote in the coloniescould vote in the colonies

Women and those who did not Women and those who did not own land had few rightsown land had few rights

Indentured servants and Indentured servants and slaves had practically no rightsslaves had practically no rights

Many colonial governors ruled Many colonial governors ruled with autocratic powers, with autocratic powers, answering only to the kinganswering only to the king

Therefore, democracy in the Therefore, democracy in the Americas developed slowlyAmericas developed slowly

The 13 ColoniesThe 13 Colonies

Chesapeake ColoniesChesapeake Colonies: MD : MD and VAand VA

MD: Act of TolerationMD: Act of Toleration

VA: House of Burgesses, VA: House of Burgesses, Bacon’s Rebellion, headright Bacon’s Rebellion, headright systemsystem

New England ColoniesNew England Colonies: RI, CT, NH, MA

RI: Roger Williams, Anne Hutchinson

CT: The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

NH: royal colony

The 13 ColoniesThe 13 Colonies

Restoration ColoniesRestoration Colonies: NC, SC, : NC, SC, NY, NJ, PA, DENY, NJ, PA, DE

NC & SC: agriculture and NC & SC: agriculture and slaveryslavery

NY: New Amsterdam to NYNY: New Amsterdam to NY

PA: William Penn, Quakers, PA: William Penn, Quakers, “Holy Experiment”“Holy Experiment”

Last ColonyLast Colony: GA: GA

GA: defensive buffer, debtor GA: defensive buffer, debtor destinationdestination

SlaverySlavery

Slave population grew rapidly Slave population grew rapidly in late 1600s and early 1700sin late 1600s and early 1700s

By 1750 half of VA’s and 2/3s By 1750 half of VA’s and 2/3s of SC’s population were slavesof SC’s population were slaves

Increased demand for slaves:Increased demand for slaves:

1.) reduced migration1.) reduced migration

2.) Dependable work force 2.) Dependable work force (indentured servants=Bacon’s (indentured servants=Bacon’s Rebellion)Rebellion)

3.) Cheap Labor3.) Cheap Labor

SlaverySlavery

Detailed Drawing of a Slave ShipDetailed Drawing of a Slave Ship

SlaverySlavery

White colonists enacted laws White colonists enacted laws to ensure Africans remained in to ensure Africans remained in bondagebondage

Whites regarded blacks Whites regarded blacks (whether slave or free) as (whether slave or free) as inferiorinferior

Racism and slavery became Racism and slavery became an integral part of American an integral part of American colonial societycolonial society

African Slave TradeAfrican Slave Trade

SlaverySlavery

Triangular TradeTriangular Trade: many : many colonial merchants entered the colonial merchants entered the profitable slave tradeprofitable slave trade

Rum from New England to W. Rum from New England to W. Africa to be traded for slavesAfrica to be traded for slaves

Middle Passage to West Middle Passage to West Indies, where slave were Indies, where slave were traded for sugarcanetraded for sugarcane

Return to New England to Return to New England to trade sugar for rumtrade sugar for rum

Triangle TradeTriangle Trade

Africans in AmericaAfricans in America

Slave life in the South was Slave life in the South was very tough, as rice growing very tough, as rice growing was much harder than tobaccowas much harder than tobacco

Many blacks in America Many blacks in America evolved their own languages, evolved their own languages, blending their native tongues blending their native tongues with English. with English. GullahGullah

Blacks also contributed to Blacks also contributed to music with instruments like the music with instruments like the banjo and bongo drumbanjo and bongo drum

A few of the slaves became A few of the slaves became skilled artisans( carpenter, skilled artisans( carpenter, bricklayer) bricklayer)

Africans in AmericaAfricans in America

Africans in AmericaAfricans in America

Revolts did occurRevolts did occur

In 1712, a slave revolt in NYC In 1712, a slave revolt in NYC cost the lives of a dozen cost the lives of a dozen whites and 21 blacks were whites and 21 blacks were executedexecuted

N 1739, SC blacks along the N 1739, SC blacks along the Stono R. revolted and tried to Stono R. revolted and tried to march to Spanish Florida, but march to Spanish Florida, but failedfailed

Slave RebellionsSlave Rebellions