english - southamericanuniversity.org · 192 english - ighth grade in this unit you will be able to...

Unit 5keep in shape!

ENGLISH

Objectives: At the end of the unit you will be able to:

Recognize oral and written language related to healthy eating habits, exercising and sports, as well as the use of imperatives in the context of daily life activities in order to communicate with peers and others.

Produce spoken and written language by using the acquired vocabulary and structures in order to communicate ideas related to healthy habits within a present and past time frame.

Value and diffuse the importance of healthy habits to achieve personal well-being.

UNIT 5

192 english - eighth Grade

In this unit you will be able to talk about health problems, the food pyramid and eating habits, exercising and sports and daily activities and good habits. You will learn vocabulary related to the body, common health problems, and routines. You will learn the past tense to talk about activities. As an independent learner, it is recommended that you keep track of your own learning progress.

In this unit, you will work on the project called “My exercise plan”. This project focuses on different stages or phases that you will make in order to plan in detail a fitness and health program right for you. To fulfill this project you must be careful when planning your exercise plan or program. You may consider a special diet, a daily routine, good habits, kinds of exercises and sports, the food you eat and other things when making your fitness program. By the end of the unit, you will be able to plan a complete fitness and health program.

Look at and study the following links where you can find samples:

http://www.brianmac.co.uk/pep.htmhttp://sportsmedicine.about.com/cs/conditioning/a/aa012402a.htmhttp://ezinearticles.com/?Planning-An-Exercise-Program&id=35257

Unit Guidelines

Introduction: Hands on!

Grammar Vocabulary

Pronunciation

ListeningSpeakingReading Writing

Lesson 1

Healthproblems

Lesson 2

Food pyramid and eating

habits

Lesson 3

Exercising and sports

Lesson 4

Past activities

Lesson 5

Daily activities and good habits

Unit 5

Keep in shape!

eighth Grade - english 193

Unit Five Lesson 1 Getting started!

Achievement indicators

¿Cómo se dicen las enfermedades más comunes en Inglés? ¿Qué haces cuando te encuentras enfermo?¿Te dan consejos sobre que hacer cuando te sientes enfermo?¿Tomas remedios caseros para combatir algunos síntomas de enfermedades comunes?

I can politely give advice by using affirmative and negative imperatives.

Which of the following words are names for parts of the body? 1. head 2. food 3. hand 4. sick 5. stomach 6. doctor 7. foot 8. advice

Conversation and more Listen to and read the following conversation and identify the parts of the body that are mentioned. Look up any new words in a dictionary.

A: Hi. How are you today, Gaby?B: Hi, Mark. I am well. Thank you. How do you

feel today?A: I feel bad. B: Why? What’s the matter, Mark?A: I am sick. I have a terrible pain in my stomach and

in my head. B: Oh, you mean you have a stomachache and

a headache.A: That’s right. I have not felt well since this morning.B: What did you eat yesterday?A: I ate two big hamburgers, six fried potatoes and

drank three glasses of soda. B: Only that? Maybe you have an infection. A: I don’t know. B: Go see the doctor immediately.A: It’s a good idea. But I have to go to work today.

Glossary: Did: the auxiliary to show past tense.Ate: the past tense of eat.

Answer the following questions.

1. Who is feeling well?2. Who is sick?3. What does the sick person have?4. What advice does the friend give to the sick person? 5. Does the sick person have to work today?

Activity 1

B: Don’t go to work. Call your boss and ask for permission to go to the doctor.

A: Okay, I can do that. Thank you for the advice. B: No problem. Get better!

how do you feel today?

Advice: a suggestion or recommendation.

UNIT 5


hand thumb

eye

foot

head

elbow

thigh

ankle

back

Enrich your vocabularyThe human bodyStudy the list of common parts of the body. Listen to and repeat each word out loud.

nose ear

arm

Activity 2Match the words related to the body on the left with their descriptions on the right.

finger

stomach

calf

Words Descriptions1 chest A the organ of hearing in humans and in vertebrate animals2 shoulder B the organ of sight and the area close around it, including the lids, lashes, and brows3 nose C the part of the head that extends from the forehead to the chin and from ear to ear4 neck D in vertebrate animals, the lower part of the leg below the ankle joint, on which

the body stands and moves5 mouth E the part on the end of the human arm, used for grasping or holding 6 leg F the body part of a human being or an animal that contains the brain or primary

nerve center and the facial features7 arm G either of the two upper limbs of the human body, between the shoulders and the wrists8 head H one of the limbs that support and transport the animal or human body9 hand I the opening in the face through which one eats, breathes, speaks, and emits vocal

sounds, and which includes the lips, teeth, and tongue10 foot J the part of the body of both human beings and animals that connects the head

with the trunk11 face K the structure at the front of the face in people and certain animals that contains

nostrils, organ of smell, and a passageway for breathing12 eyes L the part of the human body extending from the base of the neck to either upper arm13 ear M the upper front section of the human body between the neck and the abdomen

toe

mouth

wrist

knee

shoulder

neck

UNIT 5


Glossary:Organs: internal parts of the body.Vertebrate: have a backbone with a spinal column.Limb: a member, organ or extremity. Squirt: to spray or shot.

Fist: a hand with the fingers clenched or clamp together in the palm (as for hitting).Blood: the red fluid that is pumped through the body by the heart.Tough: hard or strong.

Time to read Read the following passage about hearts carefully. Look up any new words in a dictionary.

Your heart is really a muscle. It’s located a little to the left of the middle of your chest, and it’s about the size of your fist. There are lots of muscles all over your body: in your arms, in your legs, in your back, even in your behind. But this muscle is special because of what it does; the heart sends blood around your body. Blood provides your body with the oxygen and nutrients it needs. It also carries away the waste that your body has to get rid of. Your heart is sort of like a pump or two pumps in one. The right side of your heart receives blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs. The left side of the heart does the exact opposite. It receives blood from the lungs and pumps it out to the body. By the time you’re grown up, your heart will be beating (pumping) about 70 times a minute.

How does the heart beat? Before each beat, your heart fills with blood. Then it contracts to squirt the blood along. When something contracts, it squeezes tighter. Try squeezing your hand into a fist. That’s sort of like what your heart does so it can squirt out the blood. Your heart does this all day and all night, all the time. Every day an adult heart pumps 2,000 gallons (7,500 liters) of recycled blood by filling and contracting. The heart is one tough worker!

Put the following statements in the correct order.

__ But sometimes they are a sign of a problem with the heart.

__ You know the sound of your heartbeat: lub-dub, lub-dub.

__ This sound is called a murmur. Most murmurs aren’t a sign that something is wrong.

__ In some people, there’s an extra noise that the blood makes as it flows through the heart. It sounds sort of like the noise of water flowing through a hose.

Decide whether the following statements are true or false.

1. Your heart is really a muscle.2. The blood doesn’t provide your body with the

oxygen and nutrients it needs.3. Your heart is sort of like a pump or two pumps in one.4. By the time you’re grown up, your heart will be

beating (pumping) about 90 times a minute.5. Your heart does this all day and all night, all the time.6. The heart is one tough worker!


1. Where is your heart located? 2. Where else can you find muscles in your body

besides the heart? 3. Why do we need a heart?

Activity 3

Activity 4

Activity 5

UNIT 5


Conversation and moreListen to and read the following conversation carefully. Look up any new words in a dictionary.

A: Hi, Julia. How are you feeling today?B: A little bit better, Dr. Heals.A: That’s good to hear. Are you still feeling nauseous?B: No, I haven’t felt sick to my stomach since you

changed my medication.A: Great. Your test results came in this morning.B: It’s about time. Is there good news or bad news?A: I guess it’s a little of both. Which do you want first?B: I want to hear the bad news first.A: Okay. It looks like you’re going to need surgery

to remove the tumor from your leg. After the operation you need to rest for three weeks. That means you cannot play soccer.

B: I was afraid of that.A: Now for the good news. The results of the test

show that the tumor is benign, which means you do not have cancer. We’re going to take it out anyway just to avoid future problems.

B: Wow, what a relief! Thanks, doctor.A: Don’t get too excited. We still have the operation.

Glossary: Nauseous: queasy or sick to the stomach.Surgery: operation.Remove: to take out or extract.


1. Julia is well now.2. The doctor changed Julia’s medication.3. The doctor has only good news. 4. Julia does not need surgery.5. The biopsy shows that the tumor is benign.

Put the following statements in the correct order to make a conversation, and then listen to the conversation.

__ That’s a great idea. Thanks, Peter. I feel better now! __ Why? What’s the matter?__ Hey, John. How are you? __ Oh, I don’t feel so good today. __ Well, I have a stomachache and a strong headache. __ Maybe you haven’t eaten right these days. __ That’s too bad. But I think I can help. Let’s have a

healthy and nutritional lunch. Then I’ll take you to the doctor.

__ Yes, you’re right. I think I feel a little weak and dizzy.

Be prepared to discuss your past medical history when speaking with a doctor. The information might be helpful in diagnosing your problem and prescribing medicine for your condition.

What for?

Benign: not fatal or serious.Avoid: to keep away from or evade.Lump: inflammation or protuberance.

Activity 6

Activity 7

UNIT 5


Enrich your vocabulary Study each common health problem. What illnesses do you think the people in the pictures are suffering from?

a backache an earache a stomachache a cold a toothache a rash chicken pox a sore throat a fever a headache a cough the flu diarrhea

Choose the letter that best completes each statement.

1. I have a __, so I need to see a dentist. A. toothache

B. headache C. stomachache

2. I feel __, so I’m going to lie down. A. wonderful

B. sick C. well

Activity 8

3. Sue had a __ after eating too many apples. A. stomachache

B. headache C. tooth pain

4. My foot __, and I can’t walk. A. pains

B. hurts C. feels

Match the phrases on the left with the phrases on the right to make complete sentences.

1 tonsillitis A is an infection of the nose and throat. they are caused by one of about 100 different viruses. these are very catching and are passed on by coughing or sneezing.

2 a rash B is often caused by an ear infection following a cold. it happens when a tube between your ear and the back of your nose gets blocked.

3 The flu C is a disease caused by a virus. the virus attacks your body’s cells. it’s not true that the cold and damp cause flu, but it is more common from autumn to spring.

4 an earache

D is when your skin looks different and is redder than normal with little bumps. these bumps might be itchy.

5 Colds E is a condition where the tonsils get infected and swollen. they are small lumps of tissue. these are on both sides at the back of your throat.

Activity 9

UNIT 5


Choose the word that best completes each statement.

1. You (should/shouldn’t) be so selfish.2. I don’t think you (should/shouldn’t) smoke so much.3. You (should/shouldn’t) exercise more because you

look tired.4. I think you (should/shouldn’t) try to speak to her for

she’s in a good mood now.5. You are overweight. You (should/shouldn’t) go on a diet.6. You (should/shouldn’t) speak to your mother like

this. Be polite and respect her.

Language in useGiving advice in EnglishA. Using “should” and “shouldn’t” If you want to give some advice to someone who is

sick, you can use the following statements.

“Should” in affirmative statements

“Should” in negative statements

you should stay at home. you shouldn’t stay at your grandmother’s house.

he should go see the doctor.

he shouldn’t take that without a prescription.

we should take our medicine on time.

we shouldn’t do too much exercise at night.

they should follow the doctor’s advice.

they shouldn’t disobey their mother.

Re-write the following statements by using imperatives.

Example: You have to go see the dentist.Answer:Go see the dentist.Example:You don’t have to go to the dentist’s office. Answer:Don’t go to the dentist’s office.

1. You have to go to the hospital.2. You have to drink a lot of water.3. You don’t have to work today.4. You don’t have to stay at home.5. You don’t have to walk too much.

B. Using imperatives

We use imperatives for different reasons, such as telling people what to do, giving instructions and advice, making recommendations and suggestions, and making offers. If you want to give advice to someone who is sick, you can use the imperative and the word “please” to sound polite. When you use an imperative, you do not have to use or mention a subject.

Affirmative statements Negative statements

stay at home (please). don’t stay at home (please).Go see the doctor. don’t take that without

prescription.Rest. don’t rest too much.take your medicine on time.

don’t do too much exercise at night.

follow the doctor’s advice.

don’t disobey the doctor’s advice.

For the first part the project, keep track of your personal health problems and physical condition. How do you feel? Take some notes. Before beginning any kind of exercise program, you should go see the doctor for a medical examination.

Hands on! 5A

Activity 10

Activity 11

UNIT 5


Read the following passage about Salvadoran home remedies carefully, and then answer the questions.

In El Salvador people often go to the doctor for help or get medicine from the drugstore whenever people have a cold, a fever or the flu. But many Salvadorans also use home remedies for common illnesses. Here are a couple of simple and practical home remedies.

1) When you have a cold, you should eat hot chicken soup. This will help you clear your nose and head. Some people drink a mixture of hot water, sugar or honey, lemon juice, ginger and chamomile tea leaves.

2) When you have a headache, you should apply an ice pack or splash your face with cold water. It is a good idea to put slices of potato with rubbing alcohol on the exact spot of the pain. Also, you should not watch TV or read.

1. Do some Salvadorans use home remedies when they have common illnesses?

2. What should people do when they have a cold?3. What should people do when they have a headache?

Activity 12 Activity 13Answer the following questions with your own information.

1. What do you usually do when you have common illness?

2. Do your parents give you home remedies when you are sick?

3. What things should you and shouldn’t you do when you have a common illness?

4. What are the most common health problems people suffer from in El Salvador?

5. What do people usually do when suffering from these problems?

6. Do most people take medicine by themselves or go see the doctor?

7. What kind of medicine do people usually take for a fever, a stomachache or a cold?

Health problem Advice

1 a headache A call the dentist2 a cold B drink hot tea with lemon

and honey3 dehydration C take some acetaminophen4 a toothache D drink a lot of water5 a stomachache E don’t eat too much6 a sore throat F have hot chicken soup

and rest

Activity 14Match the health problems on the left with the advice on the right.

Lesson core

Conociste diferentes enfermedades más comunes que las personas sufren, así como varias partes del cuerpo humano. Además, practicaste la pronunciación, escritura de esas enfermedades y de las partes del cuerpo. También, estudiaste como se dan sugerencias o consejos a las personas cuando estas están padeciendo de algunas enfermedades comunes. Finalmente, leíste algunos artículos relacionados a las enfermedades y tratamientos de las mismas.

english - eighth Grade

Self evaluation

200

UNIT 5

1 3

2 4

HOME REMEDIES

For natural home remedies, the kitchen is a great place to start. You can find almost all of

the ingredients you would possibly need to make remedies to deal with common illnesses.

Making your own remedies is much cheaper than buying medicine. Home remedies are purer because you know exactly what goes into them, and they are made just the way you need them! Does this sound too good to be true? Do a little research and become aware of all of the benefits of making your own home remedies instead of

buying medicine from the drugstore. You will feel a lot better!

Choose the letter or letters that best answer each question.Which of the following words are parts of the body?a) headb) headache c) hand d) foot

Which of the following words are illnesses?a) headache b) stomach c) tonsillitis d) diabetes

Which of the following sentences use imperatives?a) Don’t stay home. b) Rest and relax.c) You don’t have to come to work.d) You are very sick.

Which of the following statements express advice?a) You should go see the dentist.b) She shouldn’t work with high fever.c) They should take their medicine. d) They can work now.

1. a, c, d




¿Qué es comer saludablemente?

¿Cuál es la clasificación de los alimentos según la pirámide alimenticia?

¿Cuántas calorías debería consumir un niño y un adulto diariamente?

¿Practicas buenos hábitos alimenticios?

how often do you eat healthy food?

I can successfully identify vocabulary related to healthy food and good eating habits.I can correctly quantify food and other items by using too many and too much.

I can extract specific information on foods and eating habits from live and recorded audio sources.

Which of the following foods are healthy? 1. fruit 2. hot dogs 3. vegetables 4. humburguers 5. seafood 6. ice cream 7. pizza

Conversation and more Listen to and read the following conversation carefully, and then repeat it out loud. Look up any new words in a dictionary.

A: Rosa, you’re not buying that, are you? B: Well, I am thinking about it. Why, Wendy? A: There is a lot of fat in it. The sodium level is also

very high, and it’s full of carbohydrates. Do you really want to eat that?

B: Um, I guess not. A: What are these cookies doing in the basket? B: Those are my favorite. I always get them. I got the

low-fat kind, see? A: They’re still full of calories. They may be reduced

fat, but they’re not low fat. You don’t eat this kind of cereal do you?

B: Yeah, I do.

Glossary:Sodium level: level of salt.Reduced fat: a lowered amount of fat.Low fat: the least amount of fat.

Nutrient: a source of nourishment. Kind: type or class.Dietary: nutritional or dietetic.

Choose the letter that best answers each question.

1. Where are they? A. at a supermarket B. at a restaurant 2. Who is on a diet? A. Wendy and Rosa B. only Wendy3. What kind of cookies is Rosa buying? A. low-fat B. high fat

Activity 1

A: Look at the percent daily values. You get nearly no nutrients and no dietary fiber, and it’s full of sugar.

B: Oh, come on, Wendy!A: Don’t forget we are on a diet.

UNIT 5


Enrich your vocabularyThe Food Pyramid is one way for people to understand how to eat healthy. A rainbow of colored, vertical stripes represents the five food groups plus fats and oils. Here’s what the colors stand for:

orange — grainsgreen — vegetablesred — fruitsyellow — fats and oilsblue — milk and dairy productspurple — meat, beans, fish, and nuts

The Food Guide Pyramid is a tool used to teach people to eat a balanced diet from a variety of food portions without counting calories or any other nutrient. The USDA expanded the four food groups to six and the number of servings to meet the calorie needs of most people.

3 to 5 servings of vegetables 2 to 4 servings of fruits 2 to 3 servings of milk, yogurt & cheese 6 to 11 servings of bread, cereal, rice, & pasta 2 to 3 servings of meat, poultry, fish, dry beans, eggs & nuts use fats, oils & sweets sparingly

Activity 2Answer the following questions.

1. How many servings of breads, rice, or pasta should you eat each day?

2. How many servings of vegetables should you eat each day?

3. How many servings of fruit should you eat each day? 4. How many servings of milk, cheese, or yogurt

should you eat each day? 5. How many servings of meat, fish, beans, or nuts

should you eat each day? 6. What foods are the least nutritious and should be

the smallest part of your diet?

Activity 3Answer the following questions with your own information.

1. How often do you eat fruits?2. How often do you eat vegetables?3. How often do you eat meat?4. How often do you eat nutritious food?

Now keep track of your personal eating habits to find out if you are consuming healthy food and a balanced nutritious diet which will contribute positively to your exercise program. Or are you eating unhealthy food on a regular basis? You may need to change your eating habits. Study the Food Pyramid to see if you need to make any changes in your diet.

Hands on! 5B

UNIT 5


Time to read Read the following suggestions taken from the article “Following the Healthy Eating Pyramid” carefully. Look up any new words in a dictionary.

To become healthier, you should practice the following suggestions:

1. Exercise. A healthy diet does not only meaning eating healthy foods but also exercising on a regular basis.

2. Focus on food, not grams. To be healthy, you shouldn’t worry about how much food you eat but rather eating the right kinds of foods.

3. Eat plenty of plants. Eating a plant-based diet is healthiest. That means choose plenty of vegetables, fruits, and whole grains.

4. Don’t eat so much red meat, potatoes, sugary drinks, and salty snacks. They’re very unhealthy. If you like to eat meat, fish and poultry are the

best choices. 5. Take multivitamins. Taking a multivitamin can

be a good way to put vitamins in your body if you don’t like eating fruits or vegetables.

Activity 4Decide whether the following statements are true or false.

1. A healthy diet also includes exercising on a regular basis.2. Focus on grams, not on food.3. Eating plenty plants is healthiest. 4. Red meat, potatoes, sugary drinks, and salty snacks

can be eaten as much as you want.5. Taking a multivitamin is a good idea.

Activity 5

Listen to and put the following statements in the correct order to make a complete paragraph.

__ Healthy eating habits are your ticket to a healthier body and mind.

__ You will look and feel better if you make a habit of eating healthy foods.

__ Developing healthy eating habits is simpler and easier than you might think.

__ Your immune system will be stronger so you will not get sick as often.

__ You will have more energy and think more clearly.

Activity 6Complete the following statements by using the words given below.

1. The ___ food group includes apples, bananas, pineapple, and oranges.

2. ___ make up a food group that includes plants like wheat, oats, rice, or seeds.

3. The ___ food group includes meat from animals.

4. The ___ food group includes milk, cheese, and yogurt.

5. ___ are the parts of food that give us energy and help our bodies grow.

6. ___ is a sweet-tasting substance found in many foods, which is unhealthy when added.

7. The ___ food group is made up of plants and includes carrots, broccoli, and green beans.

vegetable sugar nutrients fruit

dairy meat grains

UNIT 5


Conversation and more Listen to and read the following interview with a nutritionist carefully. Look up any new words in a dicionary.

A: How does food affect our body, Dr. Robinson? B: Our bodies get energy from the food we eat every

day. There are three main sources of fuel that we get from food: carbohydrates, protein, and fat. Eating a balance of foods that contain carbs, protein, and fat every day will help keep your blood glucose close to normal.

A: Can you tell us more about these three main sources of fuel?

B: Okay, carbs are a great source of energy for our bodies. Many foods contain carbs. If you eat too many carbs at one time, your blood glucose may get too high.

A: Where can we find carbs? B: They are found in foods like bread, crackers,

oatmeal, rice, tortillas and cereals.A: What about proteins, Dr. Heals?B: Protein helps build strong muscles and bones. A: In which foods can we find proteins?B: Foods like meat and poultry, cheese, and eggs.

They are also found in peanut butter and soy products.A: And how about fat?B: Fats are a good source of fuel for the body and help

you grow. Fat does not make blood glucose go up but too much fat can make you gain weight. Some fats are better for you than others.

A: Which fats are good for our bodies?B: Fats in small portions of mayonnaise, margarine,

nuts, olives, olive oil and avocados are all good for you on a limited basis.

Glossary: Carbs: an abbreviation for carbohydrates.Glucose: sugar in the blood.Fuel: any material that is burned or altered in order to obtain energy.

Activity 7

Activity 8

Answer the following questions about the previous conversation.

1. What kind of doctor is this? 2. How many sources of fuel are there?3. Which are these three sources of fuel?4. Is a slice of avocado an example of good fat source?5. Are crackers an example a carbohydrate?


1. Our bodies get energy from the food we eat every day.2. There are three main sources of fuel that come

from food.3. If you eat too many carbs at one time, your blood

glucose may not get too high.4. Having protein in your meal helps you build strong muscles.5. Some fats are better for you than others.

Buying and eating a variety of snacks and candy is a part of everyday life. However, do not over abuse this food group. Try not to eat too much candy or snacks to keep a balanced diet.

Don’t forget!

Source: supply.Gain: obtain or increase.Limited: not all of the time.

UNIT 5


Enrich your vocabulary Calories and fat On average, Americans follow a diet in which about thirty-six percent of the calories come from fat. This is too high for good health for many people. The dietary guidelines suggest a goal of thirty percent or less of total calories from fat.Study the table below.

In a diet with daily

calories of...

Which is about right for... The grams of total fat shown provide 30% of

calories1,600 inactive women, young children, and some

older adults 53

2,200 Most children, teenage girls, active women, women who are pregnant or breast feeding, and many inactive men

73

2,800 teenage boys, many active men, and some very active women

93

Activity 9Do the foods you eat provide more fat than is good for you? Answer the questions below, and then see how your diet stacks up.

Question FrequencyHow often do you eat... Never Sometimes Often Always

fried or breaded foods? (like french fries) fatty meats such as sausage, luncheon meats, or steaks and roasts?

whole milk, cheese, or ice cream? high-fat desserts such as pies, pastries, or cakes? sauces, gravies or regular salad dressings? Breads such as croissants, muffins, or tortillas? whipped cream, sour cream, or cream cheese? Butter or margarine on vegetables, dinner rolls, or toast?

Take a look at your answers. If you have three or more responses in the last two columns, this indicates that you may have a high fat intake. You should cut back on the amount you eat as well as the number of times you eat fatty foods.

UNIT 5


Language in use Quantifiers: “Too much” and “too many”

Quantifiers tell how many or how much. Selecting the correct quantifier depends on your understanding of the distinction between count and non count nouns. “Too much” is used with non count nouns and “too many” is used with plural count nouns.

Study the following examples:

Use of the quantifier “too”

Example in phrases

too much + uncountable nouns

too much sugar, too much fat

too many + countable nouns

too many problems, too many sodas

Read and study the following statements:

1. There is too much fatty food.

2. There are too many vegetables in the vegetarian diet.

3. I do too much exercise in the mornings.

4. There are too many diets around the world.

5. You put too much sugar in my coffee.

6. There is too much poverty in the world.

7. There are too many people to fit in the car.

“Too much” and “too many” can be used without nouns if the meaning is clear.

Compare the following examples:

1. There were many kids in the dining room, but there weren’t too many in the kitchen.

2. I haven’t eaten very much! You’ve eaten far too much in my opinion!

Activity 10Complete the following statements by using “ too much” or “ too many”.

1. It’s very crowded on this beach. There are ___ people.

2. I am still feeling hungry, and I’ve had my lunch. I didn’t eat ___ food.

3. Which ice cream shall we have? There are ___ flavors to choose from!

4. I did ___ exercise at the gym yesterday. My muscles are really aching.

5. I do not have ___ space in this suitcase. I can’t fit all my clothes in it.

6. Yuck! This tea is too sweet. There’s ___ sugar in it!

7. There aren’t ___ buses. We always have to wait.

8. There is ___ noise in here. I’m going to work next door.

9. I’m sorry but I didn’t have ___ money to buy you a drink.

10. I have ___ tasks to do. I’ll never finish by tomorrow!

11. There are ___ TV channels. I can never decide which one to watch.

Activity 11Write 10 original sentences by using the quantifiers “ too much” and too many. Follow the examples above.

UNIT 5


Activity 12

Activity 13

Complete the following statements by choosing either “ too much” or “ too many”.

1. He is fat because he eats (too many/too much) ice cream every day.

2. He drinks (too many/too much) beer every day. 3. Let’s get out of here because there are (too many/too

much) people in this room! 4. There’s (too many/too much) noise here, let’s go

somewhere else. 5. Men think women spend (too much/too many)

money on clothes.

Complete the statements by using the words given below.

1. The __ group contains carbohydrates that provide the body with energy.

2. The __ group contains calcium, which helps our bones and teeth.

3. The __ group has protein, which builds strong muscles.

4. The __ groups have a variety of vitamins and help the immune system and fight infections.

fruit and vegetables dairy

grain meat

Activity 14Read each group of food items carefully, and then choose the item that does not belong.

1. yogurt, American cheese, carrots, milk 2. turkey, potato chips, pork chop, hamburger 3. grapefruit, crackers, rye bread, dinner roll 4. orange juice, soft drink, apple juice, mango juice 5. French fries, fried chicken, fish sticks, fried egg 6. frozen yogurt, buttermilk, 2% reduced fat milk, milk

chocolate candy bar7. orange, fruit cocktail, cucumber, cantaloupe 8. apples, strawberries, bananas, beans


1. About how many calories do you consume every day?

2. Do you follow a healthy diet?3. How often do you eat or cook healthy food?4. Are you on a diet?5. Are you vegetarian?6. Does your family cook with olive oil?

Lesson core

Conociste diferentes tipos de alimentos que componen la pirámide alimenticia en inglés. Además, practicaste como se escriben los diferentes grupos alimenticios y como estos contribuyen al funcionamiento del cuerpo humano, asi como conocer las diferentes partes más importantes del cuerpo humano. También, estudiaste diferentes hábitos alimenticios, higiénicos y personales. Finalmente, leíste acerca de diferentes actividades o rutinas diarias que realizan diferentes tipos de personas.


Self evaluation

208

UNIT 5

1 3

2 4

IMPORTANT NUTRIENTS

Among the thousands of different foods our world provides, the majority contain at least

several of the nutrients our bodies need. Nutrient density is a measure of the amount of nutrients a food contains in comparison to

the number of calories. A food is more nutrient dense when the level of nutrients is high in

relationship to the number of calories the food contains. By eating foods with high nutritional

values, you’ll get all the essential nutrients that you need for excellent health, including vitamins,

minerals, fiber and morefor the least number of calories.

Choose the letter or letters that best answer each question.

Which of the following foods is not from the dairy group?a) milkb) cheesec) creamd) tea

Which of the following foods is not from the meat group?a) fish b) chickenc) turkeyd) pasta

Which of the following foods are high in proteins?a) meat b) poultry without skinc) eggsd) olive oil

Which of the following foods are high in carbohydrates?a) wheat bread b) fish c) crackers d) cereals

1. d




¿Cómo te mantienes en forma?

¿Cómo se dicen las diferentes actividades físicas o deportes en Inglés?

Qué tipo de ejercicios haces?

¿Tienes un programa o plan de ejercicios y dietas en tu vida cotidiana?

I can describe exercising habits with appropriate vocabulary and correct use of the present tense.I can successfully recognize vocabulary related to sports and fitness activities in different written texts.

I can correctly label different sports and fitness activities.I can clearly recognize and reproduce the phonemes /s/, /z/ and /iz/ for third person singular verb endings.

Which of the following words are names of sports? 1. yoga 2. people 3. swimming 4. shape 5. basketall 6. habit 7. fitness 8. jogging

Conversation and more Listen to and read the following conversation carefully. Look up any new words in a dictionary.

A: So, Chamba, you are from El Salvador?B: Yes. A: So, you can play sports year round cause it’s really

warm there?B: Yes. That’s true.A: What kinds of sports do you like to play?B: I like swimming and I like doing yoga. I like sports

that involve individuals, not the team sports.A: You don’t like team sports?B: No.A: Really?B: Yes.A: That’s interesting. Why? What is it about team

sports that you don’t like?B: Well, actually, when you play individual sports you

can compete with yourself. It’s much better for me.A: Like when you’re swimming, you can increase

your time.B: Yes. That’s true.A: What about yoga?B: I like to do yoga to relax and release my stress.

how do you keep in shape?


1. Where is Chamba from?2. What kind of sports does he like to play?3. Does he like individual or team sports?4. Why does he practice yoga?

Activity 1

UNIT 5


Enrich your vocabularySports and gamesThere are different kinds of sports that you can play and practice to keep you in shape and healthy. Look at the sports below. Do you practice any of these?

Individual sports

bowling

tennis

Team sports

beach volleyball

soccer

Activity 2Match the words on the left with the phrases on the right to make complete sentences.

Sport Description 1. Motocross A. is a team game in which the team that scores more points, called “runs,” wins.2. karate B. is a sport in which two teams score points by shooting a ball through a hoop.3. Judo C. is the skiing version of sprinting, running and jogging.4. handball D. is a competitive team sport in which each team tries to score points by

carrying or kicking a football into the other team’s end zone.5. Gymnastics E. is a sport in which athletes combine athletic skill, balance and coordination to

perform moves in four events: the floor, the vault, the beam and the bars.6. football F. is an indoor team sport that is similar to soccer and basketball, with players

trying to score goals by moving a ball into a large net.7. Cross country G. is a martial art that looks similar to karate and wrestling.8. Basketball H. is a martial art; a form of fighting that has evolved into a sport.9. Baseball I. is a motorcycle race over a hilly, dirt racetrack with many turns.

UNIT 5


Time to read Read the following article about adequate exercises carefully. Look up any new words in a dictionary.

Exercise is necessary for good health, but there are an increasing number of people who overdo it and suffer from related injuries. Older people are particularly vulnerable.

Just as in eating, moderation is the key in exercising. It is important not to ignore the early sign of distress while exercising and know when to stop. The concept of “no pain no gain” is misleading and creates more problems than good. Exercising with a machine is unnatural and potentially more harmful if not under close supervision.Doing exercise outdoors is healthier. It benefits the lungs and gives the body a good supply of oxygen. Hiking, cycling, brisk walking and jogging are all good outdoor exercises. They are good for us both physically and mentally. The fresh air, the sun, the smell of the earth, flowers and trees, the sound of nature and the birds and bees are all very relaxing and calming.Chinese exercise involves both the mind and body. Yoga, tai chi and qi-gong emphasize mindlessness, calmness,

relaxation and concentration. Their movements are slow, but require both the body and mind to join together. People who practice these exercises on a regular basis control the energy flow within their bodies, promote self-healing and rejuvenation. They retard aging, improve alertness and allow the practitioner to handle stress better. Adequate exercise is healthy, over doing it will result in health problems and injuries.

Glossary: Overdo: to exceed or exaggerate.Injury: damage or harm.Misleading: confusing or incorrectly.

Brisk: fast and vigorous.Flow: stream or current.Retard: delay or slow down.

Like other muscles, the heart enjoys a good workout. You can provide it with one in the form of aerobic exercise. Aerobic exercise is any type of exercise that gets the heart pumping and quickens your breathing.

What for?


1. Exercise is necessary for good health, but there are an increasing number of people who overdo it and suffer injuries.

2. Exercising with a machine is natural and potentially less harmful than exercising outdoors.

3. Doing exercise outdoors is healthier than exercising on machines.

4. The fresh air, the sun, the smell of the earth, flowers and trees, and the sound of nature are not very relaxing and calming.

5. Chinese exercise involves both the mind and body.6. Adequate exercise is healthy, over doing it will result

in health problems and injuries.

Answer the following questions with your own information.

1. Do you exercise? 2. Do you practice any sports? 3. Which new sports would you like to try? 4. Who do you usually play sports with? 5. Why do people play sports? 6. Do you like to watch professional sports on television?7. What is your favorite sport to watch?

Activity 4

UNIT 5


Conversation and moreListen to and read the following conversation carefully. Look up any new words in a dictionary.

A: Oh, Cecilia, this is delicious! Would you like to try some?

B: No thanks, Silvia. I’m really enjoying my vegetable salad!

A: So, do you want to play basketball this weekend?B: I’m afraid I can’t play basketball.A: No! Are you joking? I’m sure you can play

basketball. Everybody can play basketball!B: Well, I can’t. But I can play soccer.A: Really, I can play soccer, too, but not very well.B: I have an idea. Why don’t we play basketball this

weekend and then next weekend soccer?A: Ok, that’s a good idea. We can both learn a new sport!B: That’s it. I think it’s a great idea!A: So, Cecilia, what do you do to stay in shape? B: Well, I usually go to the gym three times a week,

and I go hiking every other weekend. How about you, Silvia?

A: I try to keep in shape by swimming every morning and jogging in the evenings

after work.B: Are you on a special diet?A: No, not at all. I just try to eat nutritious and

healthy food. And you?B: I am on a diet. You know I’m a little overweight

so I have to watch what I eat.A: Well, you look like you are in good shape.B: Do you think so?A: Yes, you look young and healthy.B: I really appreciate that. Thank you so much!A: It’s time to go to work.B: Okay. Let’s go.

Glossary: In shape: in a good condition or state of physical fitness or bodily appearance.Overweight: having extra weight or pounds.

Choose the letter that best answers each question. 1. Who can’t play basketball? A. Silvia B. Cecilia C. neither of them

2. What do they decide to do? A. play basketball B. play soccer C. A and B

3. Which statement is true? A. Silvia can’t play soccer. B. Silvia can’t play basketball. C. Silvia can play soccer.

4. Who goes to the gym three times a week? A. Silvia B. Cecilia C. A and C

5. Who is on a diet? A. Silvia B. Cecilia C. neither of them

6. Who goes swimming and jogging? A. Silvia B. Cecilia

C. A and B

Activity 5

A perfect diet is one which gives the most strength with the least taxation on the vital forces and the least encouragement to temptation.

What for?

UNIT 5


Enrich your vocabularyThere are two main kinds of physical exercises that you can practice to keep in shape and healthy: aerobic exercises and anaerobic exercises.

A. Aerobic exercise burns fat, gets your heart rate going (you will be able to feel it beating faster) and makes your heart muscle stronger. It also increases the number of blood cells you have, which helps your blood carry more needed oxygen to blood vessels throughout your body.

B. Anaerobic exercise involves building muscle strength in different parts of your body. This type of exercise goes along well with aerobic exercise because having stronger muscles helps you to burn more calories. This will also help you look toned and feel strong.

Glossary:Cells: structural and functional units of all living organisms.Vessel: part of the circulatory system and function to transport blood throughout the body.

Label following physical exercises as aerobic or anaerobic.

basketball

pull-ups

jumping rope

jogging

hiking kickboxing

push- ups

biking dancing

Toned: the body is muscular and in shape.Rate: speed.

Activity 6

Tai Chi

swimming

stomach crunches

For the third part of your exercise plan, you will have to keep track of your personal exercise routine. What frequency and which kinds of exercises do you do? Which sports do you practice to improve your physical condition? Take notes.

Hands on! 5C

UNIT 5


Write original sentences in the affirmative form by using the third person singular and the verbs provided below.

Example: go She goes to the gym.

1. jump2. play3. watch4. practice5. swim6. dance7. lift

Write original questions by using the verbs and auxiliaries provided below.

Examples: do / play Do you play basketball? does / swim Does he swim every day?

1. do / go2. does / dance3. do / do4. does / practice5. does / like6. do / watch

Language in useReview of the present tense

If you want to know if someone practices a sport or exercises, you can use the following questions:

A. Yes/No questions

Questions Answers do you play soccer? yes, i play soccer.does she go jogging? no, she doesn’t go jogging.does he practice any sports?

yes, he practices softball.

do we go swimming? no, we don’t go swimming.do they exercise? yes, they do sit ups.

B. Informative questionQuestions Answers

what kind of sports do you like?

i like aerobics.

when does she play basketball?

she plays basketball on the weekends.

how often does he do gymnastics?

he sometimes does gymnastics.

why do we do aerobics? we do them because they are easy.

where do they go hiking? they go hiking at el pital.

Activity 7

There are three pronunciation endings when conjugating verbs in the third person singular in the present tense: /s/, /z/ and /iz/.

Listen to and repeat the following words out loud./s/ ending /z/ ending /iz/ ending

jump-jumpshike-hikeslift-lifts walk-walks

go-goesplay -playsrun- runsswim- swims

class -classeswatch- watchesdance- dancespractice- practices

Activity 8

Regular exercise is an important part of a healthy lifestyle. However, before you start a regular exercise program, you should consider seeing a doctor for medical advice.

Don’t forget!

UNIT 5


Listen to the passage and put the statements in the correct order.

__ To develop a good body shape, you must exercise long enough—at least twenty minutes at a time; hard enough—until you breathe heavily; and often enough—at least three times a week.

__ After exercise, your heart pumps very fast and you become hot and sweaty.

__ Exercise prevents being overweight and heart disease. __ Exercise helps your body stay healthy and keeps it strong. __ Exercise is important for your health.

Activity 9

Activity 10Choose the letter that best answers each question.

1. What can’t exercise help you with? A. preventing heart disease B. preventing being overweight C. eating more

2. What does “exercise hard enough” mean? A. exercise at least twenty minutes at a time B. exercise until you breathe heavily C. exercise at least three times a week

3. Exercise helps your body stay healthy and keeps it strong. What does “it” mean?

A. your body B. your health C. your heart

4. What does “exercise long enough” mean? A. exercise at least twenty minutes at a time B. exercise until you breathe heavily C. exercise at least three times a week

5. What does “exercise often enough” mean? A. exercise at least twenty minutes at a time B. exercise until you breathe heavily C. exercise at least three times a week


1. What kind of sports do you practice?2. How often do you practice them?3. What kinds of sports do you like to watch?4. What kinds of physical exercises do you do?5. How often do you do them? 6. Are you in shape?7. Are you on a diet?

Lesson core

Practicaste como decir las diferentes actividades físicas o deportes que la mayoría de personas practican, ya sea como parte de su vida cotidiana o programas especiales. También, escribiste y pronunciaste las diferentes tipos de ejercicios que existen: aerobicos y anaeróbicos en inglés. Además, tuviste la oportunidad de repasar los verbos en tiempo presente: regulares e irregulares en inglés. Finalmente, textos que expresan los beneficios de realizar ejercicios cotidimante en tu condición física y mental.


Self evaluation

216

UNIT 5

1 3

2 4

DIETS

There are a lot of famous diets from around the world that promise that you are going to reduce

a considerable amount of weight in days or weeks. One thing you don’t want to do if you are actually serious about losing weight is to follow these fashion diets and their ridiculous weight loss tips. After their ineffectiveness has been

proven time and again, people will start to wise up to that particular diet and will go in search of

a new fashion or trend.


Which of the following is not an aerobic exercise?a) joggingb) lifting weightsc) yoga d) biking

Which of the following is not an anaerobic exercise? a) football b) push ups c) sit upsd) walking

Which of the following is not an individual sport?a) volleyball b) bowlingc) footballd) shooting

Which of the following is not a team sport?a) shooting b) volleyball c) basketballd) soccer

Glossary:Wise up: to cause someone to become aware of something.

1. b, c

eiighth Grade - english 217



what did you do oveR the weekend?

¿Cómo se narran los eventos o actividades que realizaste en Inglés? ¿Cómo se pronuncian los verbos en forma pasada ya sean regulares e irregulares en inglés? ¿Cuáles son las palabras que se utilizan para expresar eventos ocurridos en orden cronológico en Inglés? ¿Cómo realizas las preguntas en forma pasada en Inglés?

I can clearly recognize and reproduce the phonemes /t/, /d/, and /id/ of the regular past tense.I can orally express sequences of events in present and past with an adequate use of connectors.

I can describe past events with the correct use of the past tense.I can correctly identify sequences of present and past events in different written texts.

Which of the following expressions are used to express agreement? 1. absolutely 2. nonsense 3. definitely 4. no 5. sure 6. negatively 7. certainly

Conversation and more Listen to and read the following conversation between Walter and Susan carefully. Look up any new words in a dictionary.

A: Hi, Walter. Hey, what a nice suntan! B: Hello, Susan. Yes, I got it when I played beach

volleyball last Saturday.A: Wow! Where did you play?B: I played at the Costa del Sol.A: What? Did you really go there?B: Yes. I’m participating in a tournament every

Saturday morning. What did you do over the weekend?A: I went jogging on Saturday morning. In the

afternoon I played softball with my friends.B: How about Sunday? Did you do anything

interesting? A: What? Sunday? I didn’t do anything. I just stayed

home and watched TV.B: Really? You sound like a real couch potato.

A: A what?B: A couch potato. It’s a person who does not do

anything but rest and relax. A: Well, now that you say it. I am a Sunday couch potato!B: Oh! It’s late now. I have to go to the gym. A: Go to the gym? Are you doing aerobics or

something like that? B: No, I’m going to pick up my wife. She’s the aerobics

instructor.

Glossary:Got: the past tense of “get”.Suntan: a browning of the skin resulting from exposure to sun rays.

Tournament: a competition or contest.


1. Who got a suntan?2. What did Walter play on Saturday?3. What did Susan do on Saturday?4. Who is a Sunday couch potato?5. What does Walter’s wife do?

Activity 1

UNIT 5


Language in useSimple past tense of regular verbsRemember that regular past tense verb forms have three ending sounds for -ed: /t/, /d/ and /id/. To form the past tense of regular verbs, you have to add -ed at the end of every verb. If the verb already ends in -e just add a -d. Examples: ask + ed = asked; live + d = lived. Study the table below.

“-ed” as /t/ “-ed” as /d/ “-ed” as /id/ asked advised counted

danced answered decideddressed arrived dividedfinished called endedfixed changed expected

helped cleaned graduatedhiked enjoyed hated

jumped explained includedkissed happened invited looked listened neededmissed lived paintedpicked loved presentedpushed opened rentedrelaxed planned repeatedstopped played restedtalked repaired skatedwalked showed startedwashed stayed visitedwatched studied waitedworked traveled wanted

To ask questions in the past tense, use the following question forms:

Questions Answers did you play soccer yesterday? yes, i played soccer.did she skate on the weekend? no, she didn’t skate.did they watch the soccer game last night?

yes, they watched it.

what did you do on saturday morning?

i walked for 30 minutes.

what did he play last saturday? he played football with his friends.

where did they play basketball? they played at the national gym.

Activity 2Complete the following statements by using the past tense of the verbs provided below.

Example: We __ softball last Monday. (practice) We practiced softball last Monday.Example: They __ last weekend. (not hike) They didn’t hike last weekend.

1. I __ my hair yesterday. (wash)

2. They __ yesterday. (laugh)

3. He __ hard yesterday afternoon. (work)

4. They __ football last Friday. (play)

5. You 1 television last night. (watch)

6. We __ that window last night. (not open)

7. He __ a lot yesterday. (not laugh)

8. They __ that mountain last month. (climb)

9. Patty __ at the birds last week. (look)

UNIT 5



1. Pele was one of the greatest soccer players ever, scoring over 1,200 goals in a glittering career.

2. Pele wasn’t a nickname from childhood but part of his real name.

3. The 1970 World Cup was won by the Brazilian team. 4. Pele retired from international soccer but made a

comeback to sign a money spinning contract with the New York Cosmos in the American Soccer League.

Time to read Read the following passage from “Biography of Pele, the Greatest Soccer Player Ever!” by Kevin McNally. Look up any new words in a dictionary.

Pele was one of the greatest soccer players ever, scoring over 1,200 goals in a glittering career that also brought World Cup and World Club Championships. When soccer fans talk about the greatest player of all time they debate the skills of Pele, Maradona, Best and some other soccer legends. But can anyone match the amazing biography of Pele? Pele scored 1,281 goals in a career that included 1,360 games! That is nearly an average of one goal per game!

Pele was a nickname from childhood that originated in school. The Brazilian soccer star’s real name is Edson Arantes do Nascimento. Pele was the youngest player ever to win a World Cup medal when Brazil won the 1958 World Cup. Pele scored 2 goals in the final at the age of 17, an achievement that is unlikely to be matched ever again in World Cup history.

Pele was brought up in a poor part of Brazil and was guided by his father, who was also a professional soccer player. His father once scored five headed goals in one match! Pele played for Santos of Brazil and was part of the winning 1962 and 1963 Inter Continental Championship squads (World Club Championship).However, the 1970 World Cup in Mexico will always be a special memory for Pele fans as he led Brazil to an amazing victory. The famous Pele video clips are still seen today, as he sold the goalkeeper his famous

“dummy” and also scored with a brilliant header in the final against Italy. Pele later went on to confirm that this was a special goal as it was also Brazil’s 100th World Cup goal.

Pele retired from international soccer but made a comeback to sign a money spinning contract with the New York Cosmos in the American Soccer League. Pele was part of the 1977 championship team, and average crowds increased by over 80% in the few years that he graced the American soccer scene.

Activity 3

A biography is a genre of literature or film which presents a relatively full account of the most interesting and important events of a notable person’s life. These biographies can help us achieve goals in our future lives by giving us good models to look up to and inspiration.

What for?

UNIT 5


Listen to a passage about Carlos “El Famoso” Hernandez, and then put the following statements in the correct order.

__ On October 4, 2003, he retained the title against former IBF World Lightweight Champion Steve Forbes with an eleventh round technical decision.

__ Carlos Hernandez counted in that fight with the backing up of Alexis Arguello and Roberto Duran.

__ He made boxing history by becoming the International Boxing Federation World Junior Lightweight Champion by beating David Santos for the belt.

__ Hernandez then became El Salvador’s first World Boxing Champion in history.

__ Carlos Hernandez was born on January 23, 1971 in Los Angeles, California.

__ He is a boxer.


1. Carlos Hernández is not a boxer anymore.2. Hernández did not become El Salvador’s first World

Boxing Champion in history. 3. He was born on January 23, 1971 in Los Angeles,

California. 4. On October 4, 2003, he retained the title against

former IBF World Lightweight Champion Steve Forbes.

5. He counted in that fight with the backing up of Alexis Arguello and Roberto Duran.

Activity 7


1. Do you know more about Mágico?2. Do you know more about “El Famoso”?3. Do you know other famous athletes from El Salvador?4. Who are they? 5. What kinds of sports do they play or practice?6. Who is your favorite athlete from El Salvador?7. Who is your favorite international athlete?


1. When did Jorge Gonzalez begin his professional playing career?

2. Which soccer team did he play with first in El Salvador?3. What did people call him when he played in El Salvador?4. What did people call him when he played in Spain?5. Which Spanish soccer teams were interested in

Gonzalez after the World Cup?6. Which Spanish soccer team hired Mágico?

Activity 6Activity 4

Activity 5

Conversation and moreListen to the following biography about Jorge Gonzalez.

UNIT 5


Enrich your vocabulary Past tense of irregular verbsThere are no magic formulas to learn how to make past tense of irregular verbs. You have to memorize and practice them. You can classify these verbs putting them into two groups. Look at the examples below.

First group: These are the verbs that present the same structure in all of tenses.Present form Past form Present form Past form

beat beat quit quitbet bet read read

burst burst rid ridcast cast set setcost cost shed shedcut cut shut shut

forecast forecast split splithit hit spread spread

hurt hurt sweat sweatknit knit thrust thrustlet let wet wet

Second group: These verbs have a different structure in all of tenses.Present form Past form Present form Past form

be was, were go wentbecome became grow grewbegin began know knewbreak broke ride rode

choose chose run rancome came see saw

do did sing sangdrink drank speak spokedrive drove swim swameat ate take took

forget forgot understand understoodforgive forgave wake woke

get got wear woregive gave write wrote

If you want to ask about the past, you can use the following questions:Questions Answers

did i go to the gym yesterday? yes, i went to the gym.did you do aerobics? no, she didn’t do aerobics.when did he begin his exercise routine? he began his routine on Monday.when did she drink coffee? she drank coffee in the morning.where did they read the newspaper? they read the newspaper at the gym.

UNIT 5


Activity 8Complete the following statements by using the correct past tense forms.

1. I __ to the gym yesterday morning. (go)

2. You __ aerobics this morning. (do)

3. He __ his exercise routine thirty minutes ago. (begin)

4. She __ orange juice before exercising. (drink)

5. We __ to the stadium to run. (come)

6. They __ in the pool last week. (swim)

Language in useUsage: before and after Time prepositions are used to define time. Prepositions usually come before a noun or a pronoun. “Before” and “after” show the timing of an event, activity or situation.

Use “before” with: Rules Examples

the second of two actions

verb +-ing (present participle)

1. Jose got his mother’s permission before he went camping.2. i must take attendance before we begin.3. Before you go out, please clean your room.4. Before going out, please clean your room.5. Raul read all of the questions before taking the exam.

Use “after” with:Rules Examples

the first action of two actions

verb + -ing (present participle)

1. why did Mrs. Rogers laugh after she read the note?2. After you finish your homework, you may play outside.3. i’ll see you after work. 4. karla won’t be home until after midnight.5. after moving to the city, Cecilia felt a lot happier.6. were they sad after coming to america?

Activity 9Choose the letter that best completes each statement.

1. It is Monday today. It was Saturday the day __ yesterday.

A. before B. after C. neither 2. They got divorced two years __ the wedding. A. before B. after C. neither 3. I always did my English homework at the last

minute. Just __ the English lesson. A. before B. after C. neither4. It didn’t happen yesterday but the day __ yesterday. A. before B. after C. neither5. He wanted to hide __ the big storm hit because he

didn’t want to get wet. A. before B. after C. neither6. He wasn’t angry __ all. A. before B. after C. neither7. You can get a person to do it for you. __ all, you are

a man with many contacts. A. Before B. After C. neither8. They got married three years __ they met. A. before B. after C. neither9. You used to warm up __ playing tennis. A. before B. after C. neither

UNIT 5


Activity 10Write 3 statements using “before” and three statements using “after”.

Activity 11Write the correct past tense form of each verb below.

My grandfather had a very exciting life. When he was young, he _(1.live)_ on a farm in the country. His parents _(2.raise)_ cattle, and he _ (3.look)_ after the cows. When he was eighteen, he went to university where he _(4.study)_ languages. He also _(5.play)_ the violin in a mariachi band. When he was twenty-five, he _(6.graduate)_ with honors. The day of the graduation there was an accident on the road to his hometown. Only two people _(7.survive)_, a woman and my grandfather. After he met this woman, and they _ (8.get)_ married after only three weeks. He says now that he _(9.want)_ to marry her very quickly in case he _ (10.die)_ in another accident.

Complete the following questions by using the correct question form in the past tense.

Example: A: Where __ yesterday? (go/your family) B: They went to San Marcos.Answer: A: Where did your family go yesterday? B: They went to San Marcos.

1. A: What __ last weekend? (do/you) B: I went to the mall with my sister.2. A: Where __ his car? (buy/Tony) B: He bought it at Red McCombs.3. A: What time __? (start/the soccer game) B: It started at 7:30 p.m.4. A: How far __ yesterday? (walk/Lucia) B: She walked from here to the mall.5. A: When __? (get marry/your cousin) B: She got married last month.6. A: What time __? (end/the meeting) B: It ended about 10:30 a.m.7. A: What kind of food __ at the party? (serve/they) B: They served Salvadoran food.

Activity 13

Answer the following questions with your own information.

1. What did you do last weekend?2. What kinds of sports did you practice last month?3. When did you go to the gym?4. How often did you practice a sport last year?5. What kinds of exercises did you do last week?

Lesson core

Practicaste como se expresan los verbos regulares e irregulares en pasado simple en Inglés. Además, estudiaste como escribir tanto preguntas como saberlas responder utilizando diferentes tipos de preguntas en Inglés. También, utilizaste apropiadamente las palabras o expresiones que se utilizan para conectar eventos en forma cronológica de actividades pasadas. Finalmente, tuviste acceso a practicar las tres formas de pronunciar el pasado simple de los verbos regulares en contexto.

For the fourth part of the project, you will have to keep track of all the activities you have done during the last weeks to find out if you have followed your exercise program properly. If not, make the necessary modifications to optimize or improve it.

Hands on! 5D

Activity 12


Self evaluation

224

UNIT 5

1 3

2 Which of the following questions is incorrect?a) Did you lift weights at the gym? b) Where did she did aerobics? c) Why didn’t you play in the last tournament?d) What kinds of sports did you practice when you were ten years old?

4

RELIEVE STRESS WITH SPORTS

There are lots of sports you may take up for fitness and it mainly depends on your likes or preferences. In the past, men would normally

prefer arduous or exhausting sports like weightlifting, cricket, or football.

Women would prefer light ones like aerobics, running or jogging. In today’s world, where

stress and tension form a part of everyone’s lives, engaging in sports acts as a stress reliever

and keeps your mind sound andyour body healthy.


Which verb is not a regular verb in the past tense?a) play b) hikec) rund) practice

Which verb is not an irregular verb in the past tense?a) go b) walk c) drink d) eat

Which of the following statements is incorrect?a) I didn’t practice any sport this week.b) She came to the gym too. c) I didn’t ate those sandwiches after doing exercises. d) They went hiking at El Picacho.

1.c




aRe you self disCiplined?

I can orally express sequences of events in present with an adequate use of connectors.

I can effectively skim a text on healthy habits.

Which of the following words express time sequence? 1. first 2. yesterday 3. then 4. today 5. finally 6. habit 7. after that 8. routine

Conversation and more Listen to and read the following conversation carefully. Look up any new words in a dictionary.

A: Hi, Andrea. How are you doing?B: Hi, Mark. I am fine. How about you? A: I feel good. B: You look different. A: You know something. I quit my old, bad habits.B: No, way! That means that you stopped smoking

and drinking beer? A: Yes, I am trying to find new, good habits to

improve the quality of my life.B: Congratulations! I totally agree with you on that.

So what are those new, good habits? A: Well, I get up early so I can do aerobics. I take

vitamins. I eat healthy and nutritious food. I drink more water, and I go to bed early.

B: Wow! I can’t believe it! A: The only little thing I can’t stop is falling in love

with you.B: Oh come on, Mark. You know I have a boy friend. A: I am just kidding! You know you are one of my

best friends!

Activity 1Answer the following questions.

1. Who looks and feels different?2. Who quit old, bad habits?3. What are the old, bad habits?4. What are the new, good habits?5. Is Mark Andrea’s boyfriend?

Glossary: Quit: to stop doing something.Can’t stop: you can’t resist doing something.

¿Eres disciplinado en las actividades que realizas?¿Cuáles son los hábitos buenos o malos que las personas realizan? ¿Tienen los salvadoreños buenos hábitos higiénicos, alimenticios y personales?¿Tienes programadas tus actividades diarias?

Fall in love: to have feelings of love directed towards another person or begin to feel love for a person.

UNIT 5


Enrich your Vocabulary Daily routineEverybody has one... When you wake up, what’s the first thing you do? What’s your daily routine? There are routine things that each of us does every day, week, and month, but how do we know what’s normal? Do you do certain things more or less than others?

Look at the following list of common daily activities:

brush your hair cook get out of bed do the laundry eat breakfast exercise feed the children get dressed iron the clothes

Put the previous daily activities in the order in which you do them. Remember that some people do things at different times of the day.

For example: First I get out of bed. Then I take a shower. Next I get dressed…


1. Do you have a daily routine?

2. What do you do in the morning?

3. What do you do in the afternoon?

4. What do you do at night?

5. What do you do on Sundays?

Getting plenty of exercise, having regular health checkups, and eating right are good ways or habits to remain in good physical condition. You will feel better and have more energy if you are in good condition.

Don’t forget!

listen to music put on makeup sweep the floor take a bath/shower mop the floor wash your face wash the dishes watch TV

Activity 2

UNIT 5



1. The first step is to identify the changes you want to make and produce a daily reminder.

2. Don’t make realistic and slow changes. 3. Try to replace bad habits with good ones. 4. Make sure that new habit rewards are good for you. 5. Don’t make exercise a social event.

Time to read Read the following passage from “Little changes make good habits easier” carefully. Look up any new words in a dictionary.

Here are five ways to help you make better food and exercise habits:

1. Identify the changes you want to make and make a daily reminder. This reminder can be a sign on the bathroom mirror. The sign can be as simple as, “Have you eaten your fruit today?” or a picture of a piece of fruit.

2. Make realistic and slow changes. To prevent breaking your resolutions, work on

changing one habit at a time. If you are used to eating a large dessert every night, eliminating the dessert completely will likely produce cravings. However, if you gradually decrease the size of your dessert portion, you will hardly notice the change.

3. Try to replace bad habits with good ones. It is often easier to replace a bad habit with a good

habit than it is to simply eliminate the bad habit. Instead of eating a cookie, eat a cold, crunchy, sweet apple. Instead of drinking a soda, drink a glass of fruit juice.

4. Make sure that new-habit rewards are good for you. Eating a candy bar after exercise may seem like a

good reward, but if you stop exercising you may still crave the candy bar. Therefore, make sure the rewards you choose won’t turn into bad habits later.

5. Make exercise a social event. Exercising with someone almost always seems

easier than doing it alone. Try to use your time wisely by doing two good things at once. You are more likely to exercise frequently when it’s combined with a chance to talk with a friend. Of course, everyone’s excuse is “I’m too busy to exercise” or “I’m too busy to prepare a good meal”. Not taking enough time to develop even small healthy habits sends mixed messages to your children and yourself. Setting health as a priority now is always a good decision.

For the last part of the project, you will have to keep track of your personal eating and hygienic habits. That is, the good habits you have and which ones you have to create or eliminate to improve your mental and physical condition. See page 233 and do Activity 11 as a guide.

Hands on! 5E

Glossary:Reminder: is used to make you remember something.Breaking: to stop doing something.Crave: to have hunger temptations.

Reward: compensation or incentive.Turn into: to become.Wisely: intelligently.Enough: sufficient.

UNIT 5


Listen to the conversation again. This time fill in the blanks with the words provided below.

A: Darling, the _(1) _ game is about to start. Could you bring some nachos and a can of soda? And a slice of pizza from the microwave oven.

B: Anything else?A: No, that’s all for now. Hey, sweetie, you know,

they’re organizing a company soccer team at work, and I’m thinking about _(2)_. What do you think?

B: Humph.A: Humph… What do you mean by humph? I was a

star soccer player in high school.B: Yeah, twenty years ago. Look, I just don’t want you

having a heart attack from _(3)_ up and down the field. A: So, what are you suggesting? Should I just abandon

the idea? I’m not that out of _(4) _.B: Well, you should at least have a _(5) _ examination

before you begin. Remember that you last played soccer five years ago.

A: Well, okay.B: And you need to create good healthy habits:

watch your diet and reduce the _(6) _ , like ice cream. You should try eating more fresh fruits and vegetables.

A: Yeah, you’re _(7)_ right.B: And you should start a little weight training to

strengthen your muscles or perhaps try jogging to build up your _(8)_ system. Oh, and you need to go to bed early instead of watching TV all night.

A: Hey, you’re starting to sound like my personal _(9) _ instructor!B: No, I just _(10)_ you, and I want you to be around

for a long, long time.

Activity 5

love fitness cardiovascular soccer

probably fatty foods medical

shape running joining

Activity 6Choose the letter that best answers each question. 1. What kind of sport is the man watching? A. basketball B. soccer C. tennis

2. What is the company organizing? A. a company soccer team B. a soccer fan company C. soccer stadium company

3. Who wants to join the company team? A. wife B.husband C. both A and B

4. Who has to create good healthy habits? A.wife B.husband C. both A and B

5. Who is out of shape? A.wife B.husband C. both A and B

Conversation and moreListen to the following conversation between a husband and his wife carefully. Look up any new words in a dictionary.

UNIT 5


Enrich your vocabulary Good habitsMost of life is habitual. You do the same things you did yesterday, the day before and every day for the last month. Habits, good or bad, make you who you are. The key is controlling them. If you know how to change your habits, then even a small effort can create big changes.

Study the list of good and healthy habits that everyone should follow. Which ones do you do?

drink plenty of water exercise go to sleep early eat healthy food take a bath every day make friends talk with your family read a good book take vitamins on regular basis drink milk get some sunshine practice a sport

Activity 7Complete the following statements about good and healthy habits by using the words given below.

1. I __ my face in the morning before breakfast.2. Every morning I __ my teeth.3. My sister usually __ the table before meals.4. How often do you __ the house? 5. What time do you __ to bed?6. I always __ the plants in the evening.7. Mary always __ her school bag in the morning.8. John usually __ his homework before going to bed.9. I sometimes __ up my clothes in the closet

after school.10. Do you always __ the floor?11. Diego usually __ his hair before school.

Brush finishes sets

go packs clean

wash hang sweep

combs water

UNIT 5


Put the following events from Tom’s daily routine in the correct order.

__Finally, I go to bed.__I also play with my friends at school. __After school, I go home. __Next, I brush my teeth and wash my face. __Then, I put on my clothes and comb my hair. __After that, I eat breakfast. __At school we study different subjects. __At home, I clean the room and do my homework. __Later, I eat dinner with my family. __After dinner, I watch TV. __First, I get up early at 6 o’clock in the morning. __Next I go to school.

Answer the following questions about the previous daily routine?

1. What does he do first?2. What does he do next?3. What does he do after school?4. What does he do after dinner?5. What does he do at the end of the day?

Examples:1. First, I wake up at seven.2. Second, I eat breakfast.3. Third, I take the bus.4. Then, I go to work.5. Next, I work at my computer.6. After that, I have lunch and talk with my co-workers.7. Afterwards, I go back to work.8. Finally, I get back home.

Activity 9

Activity 8Language in useConnectors: Chronological sequence markers

When you use these connectors in sentences, they are usually placed at the beginning of each sentence and separated by a comma.

Study the following table of time sequence connectors:

Connectors Connectors Connectorsfirst second, third,

fourth...finally

first of all secondly, thirdly, fourthly...

last

at first then lastlyto begin with

to startlater at last

at/in the next in the endbeginning after that/

afterwards

Some connectors may go at the beginning, middle, or end of a sentence. Study the following table of connectors:

Beginning of the text

Middle of the text

End of the text

before as soon as since thenafter no sooner....than eventuallywhen hardly...when in the future/

pastwhile until at the same timeduring after a while meanwhilesoon earlier in the meantime

immediately now simultaneously

UNIT 5


Decide whether the following habits are healthy or unhealthy.

Activity 11

Habits Healthy Unhealthyi exercise 3 times a week.i drink 3 cups of coffee for breakfast.i brush my teeth every day.i watch 5 hours of television every day.i eat fruit every day.i wash my hands after i use the restroom.i wash my hands before i eat.i take antibiotics when i have a cold.i listen to very loud music.i go on walks regularly.i eat everything in moderation.i drink 10 cups of coffee every evening.i smoke a pack of cigarettes a week.i eat ice cream every night before i go to bed.i drink 8 glasses of water every day.i take vitamins every day.i like fried foods.i take a shower every morning.i drive after i drink alcohol.i visit the doctor annually.i turn the light on when i read at night.i sit close to the tv when i watch a movie.

Listen to the following narration of Angie’s daily activities carefully, and then answer the questions.

1. What time does she always get up? 2. What does she do after that?3. What does she usually have for breakfast? 4. What time does she always eat lunch? 5. What does she usually eat and drink for lunch? 6. When does she usually have dinner? 7. What does she do after dinner? 8. What time does she usually go to bed?

Lesson core

Conociste las diferentes palabras o frases que se utilizan para expresar tanto hábitos positivos como negativos en la vida de las personas. Además, practicaste como usar las palabras que expresan secuencia de tiempo u orden cronológico en tiempo presente en inglés. También, aprendiste a evaluarte a ti mismo en cuanto a que tipos de hábitos tienes o realizas en tu vida cotidiana. Finalmente, practicaste como decir algunas de las actividades más importantes de rutina diaria en inglés.

Activity 10


Self evaluation

232

UNIT 5

1 3

2 4

OVERCOMING BAD HABITS

There is a worldwide reason why bad habits are so difficult to overcome. It is that they are on a deeper level. That is, we always gain a sense of emotional satisfaction from doing bad habits.

It gives us a pleasant feeling each time we continue the habit. This positive reinforcement

that goes on makes it difficult to break the habit. If it’s smoking, the reinforcement might be a

sense of relaxation. If it’s chewing on a pen, the reinforcement might be a sense of comfort. If it’s gambling, the reinforcement might be a sense of achievement for winning money and relaxation at the same time. But after the reinforcement

comes theguilt that the habit is bad.


Which of the following are healthy habits?a) brush your teeth three times a day b) drink eight glasses of water every dayc) watch TV for 5 hours every dayd) go to sleep early

Which of the following are unhealthy habits?a) brush your teeth before going to bed b) drink beer with every mealc) visit the doctor twice a yeard) drive while tired

Which of the following words is not a time sequence connector?a) first b) finallyc) because d) last

Which statement does not follow the chronological sequence?a) First, she gets up early, and then she wakes up. b) Second, she takes a shower, and then she eats breakfast.c) After she goes to sleep, she brushes her teeth.d) Finally, she watches TV before going to bed.

1.a, b, d


Hands on!

“My exercise plan!”

Purpose

With this project you will be able to make a complete plan of how to create and organize a complete exercise and diet plan to improve your mental and physical health. You will have to keep track of the different aspects related to planning your fitness and health plan so that at the end of the unit you can complete the project.

Theory and practice

The different phases of the unit 5 project (from Hands on! 5A to Hands on! 5E) gave you ideas on how to plan and carry out a complete exercise plan properly. With the different project phases, you should have kept track of key elements or concepts to have a clear picture of what a complete exercising plan is like.

Development

You should have noticed that when answering different activities, you were gaining or obtaining the basic concepts or aspects related to planning a personal fitness program. Review the activities which gave you some good hints to have an idea on which aspects to take into consideration in your project profile. These activities provided you with some good background, and with this you will be able to perform or do your project efficiently.

Wrap up

You can include aspects such as a special diet, daily routine, good habits, medical examination, kinds of exercises and sports, food you eat, or more. You can ask other people or institutions that are experts in planning and organizing personal fitness programs in El Salvador to help you out. Look at the following website:http://www.mercola.com/nutritionplan/exercise_table.htm


Resources

For more on pronunciation and spelling of the third person singular in the present tense:http://www.angelfire.com/wi3/englishcorner/pronunciation/prespron.html http://www.testyourenglish.net/english-online/subjects/spresent.html

For more information about El Salvador: http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats12.htm http://www.theotherelsalvador.com/ http://www.cp-pc.ca/english/elsalvador/index.html http://www.nvmundo.com/travelinfo/elsalvador/sattract.htm http://elsalvador.travel/eng/http://history1900s.about.com/library/world/blxelsalvador.htm http://www.ladatco.com/SAL%20-%20About.htmhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/country_profiles/1220818.stm

For more about celebrations in the different towns and cities in El Salvador:http://www.mangoymar.com/eng/fiestas.php

For more about the past tense of verbs:http://www2.gsu.edu/~wwwesl/egw/index1.htm http://www.esldesk.com/esl-quizzes/irregular-verbs/irregular-verbs.htm http://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/regular-verbs-list.htm

For more on the Food Pyranid:http://www.dietitian.com/ foodguid.html

For more about Salvadoran museums:http://www.avitours.com.sv/elsalvador/museos/index.html

For the complete article on Columbus:http://www.arago.si.edu/

For more on Egyptian pyramids:http://homepage.powerup.com.au/~ancient/pyra1.htm

Vocabulary definitions in the unit have been taken from: English Macmillan Dictionary for Advanced learners of American English. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc 2002 and http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/

english - southamericanuniversity.org · 192 english - ighth grade in this unit you will be able to...

Documents