english - tenses chapter 2

8/2/2019 English - Tenses Chapter 2

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Bab 2 - Variety of Tenses

The following classification of four main groups of tenses :

Present Tense Simpl e Present Tense

Present Continuous TensePresent Perfect TensePresent Perfect Continuous Tense

Past Tense Simpl e Past TensePast Continuous TensePast Perfect TensePast Perfect Continuous Tense

Future Tense Simple Future TenseFuture Continuous TenseFuture Perfect TenseFuture Perfect Continuous Tense

Past Future Tense Simple Past Future TensePast Future Continuous TensePast Future Perfect TensePast Future Perfect Cont inuous Tense

PresentTense

A. Simple Present TenseSimple Present Tense is the form used to states an act or activity that took place or

happened in the present in simple form, or activity or work that performed repeatedly,

or habitual action, or event or action that has nothing to do with time.

a. Simple present tense pattern using verb-1(+) S + V1 + s/es + Object

(-) S + Do/Does + Not + V1 + Object

(?) Do/Does + S + V1 + Object

(-?) Do/Does + S + Not + V1 + Object


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b. Simple present tense pattern Using Be (is, am, are)

c. Function of Simple Present Tense1. Used to states a habitual action.2. Used to states general truth.3. Used to states plan.

d. Time signal1. Adverb of Frequency; always; sometimes; usualy; often ;once a day; etc2. Adverb of Time; every..; today; etc

e. Table

B. Present Continuous TensePresent continuous tense can also be called the present progressive tense is a tense that

used to express an act, condition or event that is happening during discussion.

SubjectVerb1

(s/es)

They

We

I

You

Not adding s/es

She

He

It

persoal name

Adding s/es

(+) S + Be (is, am, are) + Adjective/ Noun/Adverb

(-) S + Be (is, am, are) + Not + Adjective/Noun/Adverb

(?) Be (is, am, are) + S + Adjective/ Noun/Adverb

(-?) Be (is, am, are) + S + Not + Adjective/Noun/Adverb


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a. Present continuous tense pattern using verb-ing.

b. Present continuous tense pattern using be ( is, am, are ).

c. Function of present continuous tense1. Used to states an action that happening now.2. Used to states a temporary action.3. Used to states an actions that are planned to be done immediately.4. Used States an event or action that is ongoing during speaking

d. Time signal, now, still, at present, at this moment, right now, etce. Table

Subject Be (is, am, are) Verb-ing

They

We

You

Are Verb-ing

I Am Verb-ing

She

He

It

persoal name

IsVerb-ing

(+) S+ Be (is, am, are) + V-ing + Object

(-) S+ Be (is, am, are) + Not + V-ing + Object

(?) Be (is, am, are) + S + V-ing + Object

(-?) Be (is, am, are) + S + Not + V-ing + Object

(+) S + Be (is, am, are) + Adjective/Noun/ Adverb

(-) S + Be (is, am, are) + Not + Adjective/Noun/Adverb

(?) Be (is, am, are) + S + Adjective/Noun/ Adverb

(-?) Be (is, am, are) + S + Not + Adjective/Noun/Adverb


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C. Present Perfect TensePresent perfect tense is a the form used to declare an act or activity which occurred at

an unspecified time (indefinite time) in the past and during the speech act or activit y has

been completed.

a. Present perfect tense pattern using verb-III.

b. Present perfect tense pattern using been.

c. Function of Present Perfect Tense1. Used to states an activity undertaken in the past and still have something to

do with the present.

2. Used to states an event that has been made repeatedly.3. Used to states an event that has occured.

d. Time Signal, Up to now, recently, almost, since, already, finnaly, until now,twice, still, etc.

(+) S +Have/Has + Verb-III + Object

(-) S + Have/Has + Not + Verb-III + Object

(?) Have/Has + S + Verb-III + Object

(-?) Have/Has + S + Not + Verb-III + Object

(+) S + Have/Has + Been + Adjective/Noun/ Adverb

(-) S + Have/Has +Not + Been + Adjective/Noun/ Adverb

(?) Have/Has + S+ Been + Adjective/Noun/ Adverb

(-?) Have/Has + S+ Not + Been + Adjective/Noun/ Adverb


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e. Table

D. Present Perfect Continuous TensePresent Perfect Continuous Tense is a the form that used to express action or state that

starts at the past and has continued until now.

a. Present prefect continuous tense pattern using verb-ing.

b. Present perfect continuous tense pattern using been.

c. Function of Present Perfect continuous Tense.Used to states an activity that already begun long enough in the past and still

continues till this day.

Subject Have/ has Verb-III

They

We

I

You

Have Verb-III

She

He

It

persoal name

HasVerb-III

(+) S +Have/Has + Been + Verb-ing + Object

(-) S + Have/Has + Not + Been +Verb-ing + Object

(?) Have/Has + S + Been + Verb-ing + Object

(-?) Have/Has + S + Not + Been + Verb-ing + Object

(+) S + Have/Has + Been + Adjective/Noun/ Adverb

(-) S + Have/Has +Not + Been + Adjective/Noun/ Adverb

(?) Have/Has + S + Been + Adjective/Noun/ Adverb

(-?) Have/Has + S + Not + Been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb


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d. Time Signal, For, Since, Never, Recently, Lately, This week, a long day, etc.e. Table

Past Tense

A. Simple Past TenseSimple Past Tense is a form of time used to describe events or actions that are performed at

certain times in the past in a simple form.

a. Simple past tense pattern using Verb-II.

b. Simple past tense pattern using Be (was, were).

Subject Have/ has Been Verb-ing

They

We

I

You

Have Been Verb-ing

She

He

It

persoal name

Has Been Verb-ing

(+) S + V-II + Object

(-) S + Did + Not + V-I + Object

(?) Did + S + V-I + Object

(-?) Did + S + Not + V-I + Object

(+) S + Be (was, were) + Adjective/Noun/ Adverb

(-) S + Be (was, were) + Not + Adjective/Noun/Adverb

(?) Be (was, were) + S + Adjective/Noun/Adverb

(-?) Be (was, were) + S + Not + Adjective/Noun/Adverb


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c. Function of Simple Past Tense.1. Used to states an activity that occurred in the past.2. Used to states an habit that done in the past.

d. Time Signal; yesterday, last night, last week, just now, ago, etc.e. Skema

B. Past Continuous TensePast Continuous Tense is generally used to express actions, circumstances or events that are

taking place in the past when other circumstances or acts happened.

a. Past continuous tense pattern using verb-ing.

b. Past continuous tense pattern using Be (was, were).

Subject Verb-II

They

We

I

You

She

He

It

persoal name

Verb-II

(+) S + Be (was, were) + V-ing + Object

(-) S + Be (was, were) + Not + V-ing + Object

(?) Be (was, were) + S + V-ing + Object

(-?) Be (was, were) + S + Not + V-ing + Object

(+) S + Be (was, were) + Adjective/Noun/Adverb

(-) S + Be (was, were) + Not + Adjective/Noun/Adverb

(?) Be (was, were) + S + Adjective/ Noun/Adverb

(-?) Be (was, were) + S + Not + Adjective/Noun/Adverb


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c. Function of past continuous tense.1. Used to states an ongoing activity at the time that stopped in the past.2. Used to states an action in progress when following or any other event happened in

the past.

3. Used to states an ongoing events as well as other events that happeningsimultaneously in the past.

d. Time Signal; Yesterday at nine oclock, last week on Monday, when, while, etc. e. Table

C. Past Perfect TensePast Perfect Tense is a form of time used to describe an act that has been completed in the

past, or explain a situation or event that has happened.

a. Past perfect tense pattern using Verb-III.

Subject Be (was, were) Verb-ing

They

We

You

Were Verb-ing

I

She

He

It

persoal name

Was Verb-ing

(+) S + Had + V-III + Object

(-) S + Had + Not + V-III + Object

(?) Had + S + V-III + Object

(-?) Had + S + Not + V-III + Object


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b. Past perfect tense pattern using been.

c. Function of past perfect tense1. Used to states an activity that has occurred in the past before another activity

happened in the past.

2. Used to states an event or events that have occurred before a certain time in thepast.

d. Time Signal; After, Before, As soon as, When, Until.e. Table

D. Past Perfect Continuous tensePast Perfect Continuous Tense is a form of time used to states an act or circumstance that

has been started and is still going on in the past.

a. Past perfect continuous tense pattern using verb-ing.

Subject Had Verb-III

They

We

I

You

She

He

It

persoal name

Had Verb-III

(+) S+ Had + Been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb

(-) S+ Had + Not + Been + Adjective/Noun/ Adverb

(?) Had + S + Been + Adjective/Noun/ Adverb

(-?) Had + S + Not + Been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb

(+) S + Had + Been + V-ing + Object

(-) S + Had + Not + Been + V-ing + Object

(?) Had + S+ Been + V-ing + Object

(-?) Had + S+ Not + Been + V-ing + Object


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b. Past perfect continuous tense pattern using been.

c. Function of past perfect continuous tense1. Used to states an activity or activities that has occurred and is still going on in the

past and was completed before another activity happened in the past.

2. Used to states an ongoing activity in the past.d. Time Signal; For, Before, Since, For When, By the end of , etc.e. Table

FutureTense

A. Simple Future TenseSimple Future Tense is a form of time that used to express action that will happened in the

future.

a. Simple future tense pattern using verb-I.

Subject Had Been Verb-ing

They

We

I

You

She

He

It

persoal name

Had Been Verb-ing

(+) S+ Had + Been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb

(-) S+ Had + Not + Been + Adjective/Noun/ Adverb

(?) Had + S + Been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb

(-?) Had + S + Not + Been + Adjective/Noun/ Adverb

(+) S + Will/ Shall + V-I + Object

(-) S + Wil l/ Shall + Not + V-I + Object

(?) Will/Shall + S + V-I + Object

(-?) Will/Shall + S + Not + V-I + Object


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b. Simple future tense pattern using be.

c. Function of simple future tense1. Used to states any act or activity or activit ies to be conducted in the future.2. Used to states the activities or conduct that would be done if requirements are met

(conditional sentence type 1).

3. Used to states a demand.4. Used to states a promise that will happen.5. Used to states a prediction.

d. Time Signal; tonight, this afternoon, later, soon, next, if , the day after tomorrow,etc.

e. Table

B. Future Continuous TenseFuture Continuous Tense is a form of time that used to express actions or state of being that

will happened at some point in time that will come, when some other actions happened.

Subject Will/ Shall Verb-I

They

You

She

He

It

persoal name

Will Verb-I

We

IShall Verb-I

(+) S + Will/ Shall + Be + Adjective/Noun/Adverb

(-) S + Will/ Shall + Not + Be + Adjective/Noun/Adverb

(?) Will/ Shall + S + Be + Adjective/Noun/Adverb

(-?) Will/ Shall + S + Not + Be + Adjective/Noun/Adverb


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a. Future continuous tense pattern using verb-ing.

b. Future continuous tense pattern using be.

c. Function of Future Continuous TenseUsed to states an activity or actions that will be taking place at a certain time in the

future.

d. Time Signal; Tommorow morning, next week on Sunday, all day tomorrow, etc.e. Table

C. Future Perfect TenseFuture Perfect Tense is a form of time used to states an act or circumstance that has been

completed at a certain time in the future.

Subject Will/ Shall + be Verb-ing

They

You

She

He

It

persoal name

Will be Verb-ing

We

IShall be Verb-ing

(+) S + Will/Shall + be + V-ing + Object

(-) S + Will/Shall + Not + be + V-ing + Object

(?) Will/Shall + S + be + V-ing + Object

(-?) Will/ Shall + S + Not + be + V-ing + Object

(+) S + Will /Shall + Be + Adjective/Noun/Adverb

(-) S + Will /Shall + Not + Be + Adjective/Noun/Adverb

(?) Will/Shall + S + Be + Adjective/Noun/Adverb

(-?) Will/Shall + S + Not + Be + Adjective/Noun/Adverb


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a. Future perfect tense pattern using verb-III.

b. Future perfect tense pattern using been.

c. Function of Future Perfect TenseUsed to States an activity or activities that has already begun and will be completed in

the future.

d. Time Signal; Before, by June, by the end of , in a week, by next month, etc.e. Table

D. Future Perfect Continuous TenseFuture Perfect Continuous Tense is a form of time used to states an act or circumstance that

has being done or happened at some point in the future during actions or other

circumstances happened.

Subject Will/ Shall + be Have Verb-III

They

You

She

He

It

persoal name

Will Have Verb-III

We

IShall Have Verb-III

(+) S + Will/ Shall + Have + V-III + Object

(-) S + Will/ Shall + Not + Have + V-III + Object

(?) Will/Shall + S + Have + V-III + Object

(-?) Will/ Shall + S + Not + Have + V-III + Object

(+) S + Will/ Shall + Have + Been + Adjective/Noun/ Adverb

(-) S + Will/ Shall + Not + Have + Been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb

(?) Will/ Shall + S + Have + Been + Adjective/Noun/ Adverb

(-?) Will/ Shall + S + Not + Be + Adjective/Noun/Adverb


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a. Future perfect continuous tense pattern using verb-ing.

b. Future perfect continuous tense pattern using been.

c. Function of Future perfect continuous TenseUsed to states an activity or activities that would have been done and is still ongoing at

the time that will come.

d. Time Signal; By the end, For three hours at that time, for by , at this timetomorrow, the whole time, etc.

e. TableSubject Will/ Shall Have Been Verb-ing

They

You

She

He

It

persoal name

Will Have Been Verb-ing

We

IShall Have Been Verb-ing

(+) S + Will/Shall + Have + Been + V-ing + Object

(-) S + Will/Shall + Not + Have + Been + V-ing + Object

(?) Will /Shall + S + Have + Been + V-ing + Object

(-?) Will /Shall + S + Not + Have + Been + V-ing + Object

(+) S + Will/ Shall + Have + Been + Adjective/Noun/ Adverb

(-) S + Will/ Shall + Not + Have + Been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb

(?) Will/ Shall + S + Have + Been + Adjective/Noun/ Adverb

(-?) Will/ Shall + S + Not + Been + Adjective/ Noun/Adverb


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Past Future Tense

A. Simple Past Future TenseFuture Past Tense is a form of time stated an act or condition to be performed or happened

in the past.

a. Simple past future tense pattern using verb-I.

b. Simple past future tense pattern using be.

c. Function of simple past future tense1. Used to states an event or activities that will happened or be done in the past, but

never realized because there are conditions that are not met.

2. States an event or activity that will already happened or done in the past.d. Time Signal; Yesterday, The day before, last , if , ago, two days ago, etc.

(+) S + Would/ Should + V-I + Object

(-) S + Would/Should + Not + V-I + Object

(?) Would/Should + S+ V-I + Object

(-?) Would/Should + S+ Not + V-I + Object

(+) S+ Would/Should + Be + Adjective/Noun/Adverb

(-) S+ Would/Should + Not + Be + Adjective/Noun/Adverb

(?) Would/Should + S + Be + Adjective/Noun/ Adverb

(-?) Would/Should + S + Not + Be + Adjective/Noun/Adverb


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e. Table

B. Past Future Continuous TenseFuture Past Continuous Tense is a form of t ime used to state an act or activity or situation

that will be taking place in the past, but because there is something or other then the act

was not to be implemented.

a. Past future continuous tense pattern using verb-ing.

b. Past future continuous tense pattern using be.

c. Function of past future continuous tenseUsed to states an action or activities that happened in past.

Subject Would/ Should Verb-I

TheyYou

She

He

It

persoal name

Would Verb-I

We

IShould Verb-I

(+) S + Would/ Should + Be + V-ing + Object

(-) S + Would/ Should + Not + Be + V-ing + Object

(?) Would/ Should + S + Be + V-ing + Object

(-?) Would/ Should + S + Not + Be + V-ing + Object

(+) S + Would/ Should + Be + Adjective/Noun/Adverb

(-) S + Would/ Should + Not + Be + Adjective/Noun/Adverb

(?) Would/ Should + S + Be + Adjective/Noun/Adverb

(-?) Would/ Should + S + Not + Be + Adjective/Noun/Adverb


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d. Time Signal; at the same time last month, yesterday morning, the day before, onWednesday last week, etc.

e. Table

C. Past Future Perfect TensePast Perfect Future Tense is a form of time that used to express an activity, action or

situation which would have been completed in the past.

a. Past future perfect tense pattern using verb-III.

b. Past future perfect tense pattern using been.

c. Function of Past Future Perfect TenseUsed to states an activity that would clears in the past, but failed for some reason.

Subject

Would/Should +

be Verb-ing

They

You

She

He

It

persoal name

Would be Verb-ing

We

IShould be Verb-ing

(+) S + Would/ Should + Have + V-III + Object

(-) S + Would/Should + Not + Have + V-III + Object

(?) Would/ Should + S + Have + V-III + Object

(-?) Would/Should + S + Not + Have + V-III + Object

(+) S + Would/Should + Have + Been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb

(-) S + Would/Should + Not + Have + Been + Adjective/Noun/ Adverb

(?) Would/Should + S + Have + Been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb

(-?) Would/Should + S + Not + Have + Been + Adjective/Noun/ Adverb


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d. Time Signal (Keterangan Waktu), last, two months ago, two days ago, three days ago,if , etc.

e. Table

D. Past Future Perfect Continuous TenseFuture Past Perfect Continuous Tense is a form of time used to state an act or situation that

should have been taking place at a certain time in the past.

a. Past future perfect continuous tense pattern using verb-in).

b. Past future perfect continuous tense pattern using been.

Subject Would/Should Have Verb-III

They

You

She

He

It

persoal name

Would Have Verb-III

We

IShould Have Verb-III

(+) S + Would/ Should + Have + Been + V-ing + Object

(-) S + Would/ Should + Not + Have + Been + V-ing + Object

(?) Would/ Should + S + Have + Been + V-ing + Object

(-?) Would/ Should + S + Not + Have + Been + V-ing + Object

(+) S + Would/Should + Have + Been + Adjective/Noun/ Adverb

(-) S + Would/Should + Not + Have + Been + Adjective/Noun/ Adverb

(?) Would/ Should + S+ Have + Been + Adjective/ Noun/Adverb

(-?) Would/Should + S+ Not + Have + Been + Adjective/Noun/ Adverb


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c. Function of past future perfect continuous tenseUsed to states an activities that will be completed and still at progress in past.

d. Time Signal; for by last month, by last, by the end of, etc.e. Table

Subject Would/ Should Have Been Verb-ing

They

You

She

He

It

persoal name

Would be Have Been Verb-ing

We

IShould be Have Been Verb-ing

english - tenses chapter 2

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