enhanced oil recovery and residual oil zone studies at the u.s. … · 2017-12-25 · enhanced oil...
TRANSCRIPT
Enhanced Oil Recovery and
Residual Oil Zone Studies at the
U.S. Geological Survey
P.D. Warwick and U.S. Geological Survey Enhanced Oil
Recovery and Carbon Dioxide Storage Assessment Team
2017 EOR Carbon Management Workshop – Midland, Texas
Part of the Annual CO2 Conference Week, December 4-7, 2017
U.S. Geological Survey
Department of the Interior1
Outline for Presentation
• Part 1: Current activities associated with
national carbon dioxide enhanced oil
recovery (CO2-EOR) assessment
• Part 2: Current investigations associated with
residual oil zones (ROZs)
• Summary
2
Part 1: Assessment of National CO2-EOR
and associated CO2 storage
• Requested by Congress in the Energy Independence and
Security Act
• Goals: 1) develop a probabilistic assessment methodology,
and 2) estimate the technically recoverable (pre-economic)
hydrocarbon potential using CO2-EOR within the United
States
• Benefit: CO2-EOR can increase recoverable hydrocarbon
production leading to incidental retention of CO2 while also
making available pore space for long-term storage of
anthropogenic CO2
3
Summary of USGS five step
probabilistic assessment
methodology for CO2-EOR
and associated CO2 storage
Primary data sources:
• IHS Energy Group (2011); IHS
Inc. (2012), and Nehring
Associates Inc. (2012)
• Other publicly available or
donated proprietary data sets
4
https://doi.org/10.3133/tm7C16
Carolus and others (2017)
5
Screening criteria
properties (units)Miscible flooding Transitional Immiscible flooding
API gravity of oil (°API) 1>25 22 > API ≤ 25 213 ≤ API ≤ 22
3Viscosity (cP) <10 <10 <10
4Minimum miscibility
pressure (psi)≤ fracture pressure – 400 ≤ fracture pressure – 400 Not applicable
Screening Criteria Eligible Reservoirs
1 National Petroleum Council (1984).
2 Hite (2006).
3 Andrei and others (2010).
4 To maintain a reasonable level of safety, the minimum miscibility pressure of candidate reservoirs must be at least 400 psi below
the reservoir fracture pressure. The 400 psi safety margin is an estimate of current industry practice.
Carolus and others (2017) 6
Other assumptions and conditions
• The candidate EOR reservoirs have these characteristics:
net pay >5 ft, permeability >3 mD, OOIP >5 MMbbls
(Attanasi, 2016)
• Residual oil zones and active EOR reservoirs are not
included
• Oil recovery and CO2 retention factors are modeled with the
CO2 Prophet reservoir simulator (Attanasi, 2017)
• About 3,700 reservoirs found to be amenable to miscible
CO2-EOR, with about 140 candidate reservoirs amenable to
immiscible CO2-EOR (Warwick and others, 2017)
7
https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175062.
Verma, ed. (2017)
Describes methods
of estimating CO2-EOR
recovery factors
8
More than 3,700 reservoirs are miscible candidates for CO2-EOR
More than 140 reservoirs are immiscible candidates
NOGA = USGS National Oil and Gas Assessment
(see Beeman and others, 1996)
9
USGS CO2-EOR Assessment Status
• The geologic CO2-EOR assessment is
underway and about 90 percent complete
• The results will be compiled into a report,
with peer review beginning in 2018, and
publication expected in 2019
10
Part 2: USGS working definition
for residual oil zone:
• The residual oil zone (ROZ) is a naturally
occurring reservoir or part of a reservoir
where a mix of mobile water and
potentially producible hydrocarbons
remain
• The ROZ can be either found between a
conventional oil/water contact and an oil-
free water level, or can be a reservoir on
its own
11
• Not all reservoirs have a ROZ zone
• Location and extent of ROZs are not well defined
• Well log data usually does not extend into the ROZ
• ROZ production data are limited and often
commingled with conventional production
• Need production analogues to assess the technically
producible oil and gas from ROZs
• Need additional data to access the potential CO2
storage (via CO2-EOR) in ROZs
ROZ assessment challenges
and considerations
12
Part 2.1
ROZ well log study
East Seminole Field, Texas
Jacqueline Roueche
C. Özgen Karacan
13
ROZ well log study overview
Objectives:
• Estimate remaining oil in place of the ROZ
with the use of well logs and core data
• Develop a methodology that could be
applied to all sedimentary basins
• Identify and characterize the presence of
potential productive ROZs in basins of the
United States
14
With the use of well logs and core data:
• Identify one active CO2-EOR brownfield
for testing the methodology
• Identify the ROZ as a function of depth
• Predict remaining oil saturation in ROZ
15
East Seminole Field
Gaines County, TX
San Andres Formation
(Modified from Merrill and others, 2015)
16
Statistical techniques were used to identify patterns of association and relationships from the acquired core and log data
Core Data:
• Monte Carlo and triangular distribution
• Calculate probabilistic in-situ oil saturations
Well Logs:
• Neural network from raw log readings – training and testing
Combine Well Logs with Core Data:
• Identify main pay (MP) vs ROZ as function of depth
• Predict oil saturation from will logs without core data
Roueche and Karacan (in press) 17
Part 2.2
ROZ Carbonate Production
Analogues
West Carney Hunton Field
Hossein Jahediesfanjani
18
Map showing production locations from the Silurian-Devonian
Hunton Group and informal Misener sandstone of the Woodford
Shale, and Hunton Group thickness; contour interval is 250 feet.
(Modified from Gaswirth and Higley, 2014)
West Carney
Hunton Field
19
West Carney Hunton as a ROZ
• In the Hunton Formation, the original oil was displaced by aquifer water influx in geological times
• Some of the oil was displaced to shallower formations, while some remained trapped in the Hunton Formation
• The amount of trapped oil, which mostly remained in relatively tighter rock, is a function of porosity and homogeneity of the reservoir
• The matrix that contains low permeability is oil wet and hence the oil could not be displaced
(Kelkar, 2007) 20
West Carney Hunton Field Properties
RegionOil
SaturationWater
Saturation Porosity
Central West 0.48_ 0.52_ 0.045
Central East 0.486 0.513 0.045
East 0.382 0.617 0.067
West 0.279 0.72_ 0.079
(Kelkar, 2007)
West Carney Hunton Field
Representative wells with production data
(IHS Markit, Inc.)
21
Next steps:
IHS Markit, Inc. well
production data analysis
Part 2.3
Red Fork Sandstone
ROZ Analogue
Mt. Vernon Field
Lincoln County, OK
Jacqueline Roueche
22
Location of the Cherokee Platform
Province
Mount Vernon Field
Pennsylvanian
Cherokee Group
Red Fork sand production
Modified from
Drake and Others (2015)
23
Modified from Chernicky and Schad (2002)
Mount Vernon Field
24
Modified from Chernicky and Schad (2002)
Mount Vernon Field
25
Next steps:
IHS Markit, Inc.
well production
data analysis
Summary
• The USGS is conducting a probabilistic assessment of the
technically recoverable hydrocarbon potential using CO2-EOR within
the United States; expected publication in 2019
• Well log data need to be calibrated with core data to better define oil
and water saturations in ROZs
• Multiple challenges remain before ROZs can be assessed on
regional and national scales (see page 12)
• Regional reservoir hydrocarbon production and CO2 storage
analogues are needed to calibrate ROZ assessment estimates
26
U.S. Geological Survey Enhanced Oil
Recovery and Carbon Dioxide
Storage Assessment Team
Emil Attanasi
Madalyn Blondes
Sean Brennan
Marc Buursink
Colin Doolan
Joseph East
Philip Freeman
Hossein Jahediesfanjani
C. Özgen Karacan
Celeste Lohr
Matthew Merrill
Ricardo Olea
Jacqueline Roueche
Jenna Shelton
Ernie Slucher
Brian Varela
Mahendra Verma
Peter Warwick
27
`Utilization of Carbon and other Energy
Gases—Geologic Research and
Assessments Project
For more information contact:
Peter D. Warwick
703-648-6469
Project Website
Selected Publications
http://go.usa.gov/8X8
http://go.usa.gov/xZDpz 28
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