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Enhancing the Value of Remote Sensing Data through Integration of with Ground Based Data in 3D

Andreas Laake, WesternGecoFrascati

15 September 2010

ESA Workshop Satellite Earth Observation for Oil and Gas: New Technologies and Opportunities

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Overview

Goal Map detailed geology and structure from surface to basement

Strategy

Surface geology and structure from satellite lithologyNear-surface geology from seismic surface wavesPaleo-wadi

mapping using geological analogs

Integration of all data

Results

Opportunities and limitations for geological mapping from remote sensing data

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Methodology

Direct geological and structural mapping :

Outcrop geology and structure from satellite imagery

Calibrate with ground data

Extend structure into subsurface

Indirect geological and structural mapping :

Extract geobody

template from satellite imagery for palaeo-wadi

detection

Delineate palaeo-wadis

in seismic data

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Data sets

0.4 –

0.7 μm

0.7 –

1.0 μm

1 –

3 μm

3 –

100 μm

mm -

m

Visible

VNIR

SWIR

TIR

MicrowaveRADAR

Gravity data

Elec

tro-m

agne

tic da

ta

Water, infrastructure, landuse

Vegetation

Sedimentary rocks, burnt vegetation

Non-sedimentary rocksGround moisture, voids

Surface elevation (DEM) and texture Near-surface moisture

Rock density from surface to basement

0 m

Few m

km

Depth Spectral range Detectable features

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Sur

face

map

ping

Sub

surfa

ce m

appi

ng

Applications

Lithology

mappingSWIR, TIR

Structural mappingRadar, TIR

Thickness and density

of sediments

Gravity

Glacial structureDEM, vegetation

Landuse

mappingVisible, VNIR, SWIR

Palaeo-drainage mappingRadar

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Interpretation concepts

Geomorphology

Hydrology

Lithology

Glaciology

Basins

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Interpretation –

Geomorphology

RadarDEM

RadarDEM

Gradient

Multispectrallanduse

Geomorphology

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Interpretation –

Hydrology

Geomorphology

Radar Near-surface

moisturePalaeo-drainage

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Interpretation –

Lithology

Visiblebands

SWIRand

TIR bandsLithology map

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Interpretation –

Glaciology

RadarDEM

Geomorphology Glaciology

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Interpretation –

Basins

Geomorphology

GravityGravity-geomorphology

Basins

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Validation and results

Geological and structural validation by shallow seismic data

Generation of templates for subsurface geobody

delineation

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Box structure

Gravel plain

Horst

Coastal sabkha

WaterWadis, fault outcrop

Fault outcrop

Near-surface structure from satellite image

Anomaly

Fault zones

Fault zones

100 m

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Coastal sabkha

WaterWadis, fault outcrop

Horst structure

Anticlinal

structure

Velocity anomaly

Fault zones

Fault zones

Near-surface geology and structure from seismic [Rayleigh wave iso-velocity surface, velocity heterogeneity]

100 m

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Shallow drilling risk

Depth of horizon- 50 m

- 150 m

- 100 m

Drilling riskNo risk

High risk

Moderate risk

Rift-parallel

mylonite zone

Fault block

Horst structure

Satellite imageSabkha, wadi, gravel plains

WaterCrystalline rocks

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12

3

4

Generation of templates for geobody

delineation

Braided stream Fan delta

Coastline

Wadi template from satellite image

Fan delta Braided stream

Palaeo-wadi in seismic data

1

2

3

4

Palaeo-wadis projected to surface

12

3

4

Palaeo-wadi depth

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Conclusions

Opportunities for remote sensing data :

Allow mapping of surface features, geology and structure

May provide indications for subsurface geology and structure

Gravity data give large scale structural information

Limitations of remote sensing data :

Passive electro-magnetic data do not penetrate the surface

Active electro-magnetic data may penetrate the surface by up to 20 m

Conclusion :The value of remote sensing data is enhanced when combined with

surface and subsurface data.

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Acknowledgements

The author thanks TransGlobe, Dara

Petroleum, Egyptian Petroleum Company, and WesternGeco

for the permission to show their data and

Claudio Strobbia

and Mohamed Sheneshen

for the processing of the seismic data.

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