enlightenment thinkers

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Enlightenment Thinkers

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Enlightenment Thinkers. Ren é Descartes (1596 –1650). French philosopher and mathematician Questioned the basis of his own knowledge “Cogito ergo sum”. The French Salon and the Philosophes. Madame de Pompadour Salons : gatherings for aristocrats to discuss new theories and ideas - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Enlightenment Thinkers

Enlightenment Thinkers

Page 2: Enlightenment Thinkers

René Descartes (1596–1650)

• French philosopher and mathematician

• Questioned the basis of his own knowledge

• “Cogito ergo sum”

Page 3: Enlightenment Thinkers

The French Salon and the Philosophes

Madame de Pompadour

• Madame de Pompadour

• Salons: gatherings for aristocrats to discuss new theories and ideas

• Philosophes: French Enlightenment thinkers who attended the salons

Page 4: Enlightenment Thinkers

Voltaire (1694–1778)

Most famous philosophe

Wrote plays, essays, poetry, philosophy, and books

Attacked the “relics” of the medieval social order

Championed social, political, and religious tolerance

Page 5: Enlightenment Thinkers

The Encyclopédie

Major achievement of the philosophes

Begun in 1745; completed in 1765

Frontspiece to the Encyclopédie

Page 6: Enlightenment Thinkers

The Encyclopédie (continued)

Denis Diderot and Jean Le Rond d’Alembert

Banned by the Catholic Church

Encyclopédie editor Denis Diderot

Page 7: Enlightenment Thinkers

Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679)

Applied rational analysis to the study of government

Attacked the concept of divine right, yet supported a strong monarchy

Believed that humans were basically driven by passions and needed to be kept in check by a powerful ruler

Page 8: Enlightenment Thinkers

John Locke (1632–1704)

The “State of Nature”

Tabula rasa

Page 9: Enlightenment Thinkers

Locke(continued)

Treatises of Government

Rights

Page 10: Enlightenment Thinkers

Jean-Jacques Rousseau(1712–1778)

Philosophized on the nature of society and government

The Social Contract

Page 11: Enlightenment Thinkers

Baron de Montesquieu (1689–1755)

• French noble and political philosopher

• The Spirit of the Laws

• Argues for the separation of powers

Page 12: Enlightenment Thinkers

Montesquieu (continued)

• Separation of powers

• Constitutional monarchy

Frontspiece to The Spirit of the Laws