enm407 system analysis asst. prof. dr. gülçin dinç...
TRANSCRIPT
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ENM407 System Analysis
Introduction to system analysis
Asst. Prof. Dr. Gülçin Dinç Yalçın
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What is a system?
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What is a system?
❖ A system is a set of interacting or interdependent components forming an integrated whole.
❖ A system has a structure, it contains parts (or components) that are directly or indirectly related to each other.
❖ A system is anything with a purpose.
❖ A system must do something.
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What is a system? (cont.)❖ A system is a set of two or more elements that satisfies the
following conditions:
❖ The behavior of each element has an effect on the behavior of the whole.
❖ The behavior of the elements and their effect on the whole are interdependent.
❖ However subgroups of elements are formed, each has an effect on the behavior of the whole and none has an independent effect on it.
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What is a system? (cont.)
❖ The human body: made up of many smaller systems
❖ Education system: university, departments, classes, student
❖ Stellar system: galaxies, solar system
❖ Geological systems: rivers, mountain ranges
❖ Molecular systems: complex organizations of atoms
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What is a system? (cont.)
❖ Manufacturing systems: factories, assembly lines
❖ Social systems: organizations of laws, doctrines, customs
❖ communication system: telephone, computer
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What is a system? (cont.)
❖ However, a cluster consisting of all elements is not a system.
❖ Random standing items on the table
❖ Are they purposive?
❖ Is there a functional relationship?
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Nine Characteristics of a System
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Nine Characteristics of a System❖ Component: An
irreducible part or aggregation of parts that makes up a system; also called a subsystem
❖ Interrelated:Dependence of one part of the system on one or more other system part
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Nine Characteristics of a System (cont.)
❖ Boundary: The line that marks the inside and outside of a system and that sets off the system from its environment.
❖ Purpose: The overall goal or function of a system.
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Nine Characteristics of a System (cont.)
❖ Environment: Everything external to a system that interacts with the system.
❖ Interface: Point of contact where a system meets its environment or where subsystems meet each other.
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Nine Characteristics of a System (cont.)
❖ Constraints: A limit to what a system can accomplish.
❖ Input: Input involves capturing and assembling elements that enter the system to be processed. The inputs are said to be fed to the system in order to get the output.
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Nine Characteristics of a System (cont.)
❖ Output: Those elements that exists in the system due to the processing of the inputs is known as output. The output of a system maybe in the form of cash, information, knowledge, reports, documents etc.
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Components of a System
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Components of a System
❖ Element
❖ Attribute
❖ Event
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Components of a System (cont.)
System Element Attribute Event
TransportationVehicle
SignThe way
SpeedColourLenght
Transport
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Information Systems
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Information Systems
❖ There is a difference between data and information
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Information Systems (cont.)
❖ There is a difference between data and information
❖ 42,12,45,13,19 and 34: Data (no meaning)
❖ Turn them something in useful: Information
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What is system analysis?
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What is system analysis? (cont.)
❖ Find out what is good and what is bad of the current system.
❖ Design a new system that keeps the good thing and gets rid of the bad things.
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What is system analysis? (cont.)
❖ The user understands the current system but the analyst does not.
❖ The analysts understands the new system but the user does not.
❖ There is a gap.
❖ Effective communication is vital.
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System Methodology
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System methodology
❖ A methodology is a strategy for overcoming the problems faced by the system analysis.
❖ One type of methodology is called structured.
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System methodology (cont.)
❖ If the analyst follows the steps of the methodology, then eventually quality information systems design should be the outcome.
❖ The analyst will break down complex systems into smaller, well-defined and well-documented chunks.
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SSADM-Structured System Analysis and Design Method
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SSADM-Structured System Analysis and Design Method
❖ Basic principles:
❖ 1) Break down complex system into chunks
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SSADM-Structured System Analysis and Design Method
❖ 2) Analyze the current system
❖ Physical: How things are currently done, who does them.
❖ Logical: What is currently done.
❖ Design the new system
❖ Logical: What will be done.
❖ Physical: How things will be done, who will them.
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SSADM-Structured System Analysis and Design Method
❖ 3) Users get involves from the start.
❖ 4) Make effective use of diagrams.
❖ 5) The analyst see the system from different views: cross-checking.
❖ 6) SSADM has been around for a good many years.
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The structure of SSADM
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The entire project is worth pursuing?
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what problems that have, what they want from the new system
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A range of options, with different costs
and benefits, are considered.
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-This involves specifying the
required system.
-An overview of the underlying data structures for the required
system is created.
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-what the new system will be expected to do.
-consider technical options.
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-specifying the new system
-what will be the new system
do?
-what might it look like from a
user perspective?
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-concentrates on the environment
within which the new system will be running.
-storage requirements
and performance
issues.
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SSADM and the system development life cycle
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system development life cycle