enrichment programme for physics-scheme

SKILL 1: KNOWLEDGE

SKILL 1: KNOWLEDGE

TITTLE 2 : FORCES AND MOTION

NOWHAT MEAN BYEXPLAINATION

1VelocityAs the rate of change of displacement with time.

2.AccelarationAs the rate of change of velocity with time

3.MomentumAs the mass of an object multiplied by its velocityMomentum= mass x velocity

4.InertiaTendency of an object to maintain its state of rest, or if moving, to continue its motion in a straight line.

5.ImpulseChange of momentum i.e Ft = mv -mu

6.Impulsive forceAs the rate of change of momentum, i.e F = mv mu t

TITTLE 3 : FORCES AND PRESSURE


1PressureAs the normal force per unit area acting on a surface

2.Pascals PrincipleStates that pressure exerted on an enclosed fluid(liquid) is transmitted equally to every part of the fluid. Or transmission of pressure in fluids.

3.Archimedes PrincipleStates that an object which is partially or wholly immersed in a fluid is acted upon by an upward buoyant force equals to the weight of the fluid it displaces.

4.Principle of FloatingStates that a floating body displaces its own weight of the liquid in which it floats.

5.Bernoullis PrincipleStates that the pressure of a fluid decreases at the region where the speed of fluid flow increases.

6.AerofoilIs a curve wing used to produce a lift

TITTLE 4 : HEAT


1TemperatureA degree of hotness

2.HeatEnergy that can be transferred from one object to another object

3.Thermal EquilibriumIs a condition in which there is no net heat flow between two object.

4.Heat CapasityAs the amount of heat required to raise its temperature by 10C

5.Specific Heat CapasityAs the heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of the substance by 10C

6.Latent HeatThe heat that is required to bring about a change of state without any change in temperature.

TITTLE 5 : LIGHT


1Virtual ImageThe image that is not formed on a screen

2.Power of a lensAs the reciprocal of its focal length in metres

3.Critical AngleAs the angle of incidence in the denser medium for an incident ray to be refracted at 900 in the less dense medium

4.Refractive index, nSpeed of light in a vacuum per speed of light in a medium

5.Optical centreIs the centre of a lens through which light rays pass without deviation.

6.Focal Length, fIs the distance between the focal point ,F and the optical centre,C of the lens

TITTLE 6 : WAVES


1Waves frontAre lines or surfaces joining all the crests or points vibrating at the same phase and of equal distances from the sources of the waves.

2.WavelengthIs the distance between two crests or two successive wavefronts

3.AmplitudeIs the maximum displacement of a medium particles from its mean position.

4.PeriodIs the time taken by a particle to make one complete oscillation.

5.FrequencyIs the number of complete oscillations per second

6.Wave speedThe distance traveled by a wave in one second in the direction of propagation

TITTLE 7 : ELECTRICITY


1Electric currentRate of flow of charge

2.Potential differenceThe work done in moving a unit charge from one point to the other

3.Ohms LawStates that the potential difference across the end of a metallic conductor is directly proportional to the current flowing through it.

4.Electromotive Force (e.m.f)Work done by the cell or the source in driving a unit charge around a complete circuit.

5.Electrical EnergyIs the energy released when electric charges flow through any two points in an electric circuit.

6.Electric PowerAs the rate at which electrical energy is released

TITTLE 8 : ELECTROMAGNETISM


1Magnetic fieldMagnetic force region

2.SolenoidIs a long cylindrical coil

3.Catapult fieldIs the action of the combination between the poles of a magnet and the magnetic field due to a current carrying conductor may be likened to that of an elastic catapult.

4.Electromagnet inductionThe effect of producing and e. m. f and a current, when there is a relative motion between the conductor and a magnetic field.

5.Lenzs LawThe direction of the induced current in a solenoid is such that its magnetic effect always opposes the change producing it

6.Faradays LawState that the size of the induced e. m .f is directly proportional to the rate at which the conductor cuts through the magnetic field lines.

TITTLE 9 : ELECRONICS


1Thermionic emissionIs the process of releasing electrons from the surface of a heated metal.

2.Cathode raysAre streams of high-velocity electrons moving in a straight line.

3.RectificationIs the process of converting alternating current into direct current

4.DopingIs a process of adding small traces of impurities to improve the electric conductivity of a semiconductor

5.P-N JunctionIs formed by joining a p-type semiconductor to an n-type semiconductor.

6.Logic GateIs an electronic switch which has one input or several inputs but only one output for performing certain logical functions.

TITTLE 10 : RADIOACTIVITY


1NuclideThe nucleus of an atom with a particular number of protons and neutrons

2.Nuclear FissionA process where the nuclear of a heavy atom is split into two.

3.Nuclear FusionA process where two light nuclei are united into a heavier nucleus.

4.Radioactive decayThe process in which unstable nuclei emit particles , and and -ray in order to form stable nuclei.

,5.IsotopesAtoms of the same element which have the same number of protons but with a different number of neutrons

6.Half LifeTime for activity of a radioisotope element reduces to half its original value

MARKING SCHEME FOR SKILL 2 UNDERSTANDING

SoalanJawapanMarkah

1(a) 0.03 mm1

(b)3.83 mm ( - 0.03 mm) = 3.86 mm

1

(c)To get the accuracy1

(d)Can detect smaller value 1

Total4

2(a)To avoid zero error or zero mark which is not obvious.1

(b)To increase the accuracy of measurement(substract average reading) 1

(c)

2.2 cm

Diameter of the wire = -----------

20

= 0.11 cm1

(d)Micrometer screw gauge1

Total4

3(i)Drag1

(ii)Air resistance1

(iii)Magnitude of X = magnitude of thrust

This is because the plane is flying at constant speed1

1

Total4

4(a)(i)OA1

(ii)AB and CD1

(b)300s - 150s = 150s1

(c)1

1

Total5

5(a)Mercury barometer 1

(b)75 cm Hg1

(c) P = 1.36 x 104 x 10 x 0.95

= 1.29 x 105 Pa

1

1

(d)Low density of water /water fill the tube.1

Total5

6(a)(i)1 x 105 Pa1

(ii)1 x 105 Pa1

(b)(i)Atmospheric pressure1

(ii)Density of water and density of liquid X2

Total5

7(a)X : Solid, Y : Liquid and solid, Z : Liquid3

(b)35oC1

(c)6 minutes

1

Total5

8(a)(i)BC1

(ii)-The heat energy absorbed is not used to increase the kinetic energy

- The heat energy is used to overcome the force of attraction between the solid molecules(for solid change to liquid )

1

1

Total3

9(a)(i)

- 2 ray beam

- Image 1

1

(a)(ii)Virtual, upright, smaller than object 1

(b)(i) - 2 ray beam - Virtual image 1

1

(ii)Virtual, upright, smaller than object 1

Total6

10(a)A prism periscope

1

(b)(i)1

(ii)The prism in optical instrument P are placed as in 10(b)(i) because this arrangement allows light rays from the object to be reflected by 90o into the lower prism and out to the eyes of the observer. Total internal reflection occurs in both prism.1

(c)(i)1

(ii)The image is upright/same in size1

Total4

11(a)l = ax/D

a = 0.8 m, D = 3.3 m , x = 4.5/2 m

= 2.25 m

=

= 0.8 m x 2.25 m

3.3 m

= 0.55 m1

(b)The intersection of peak with peak of the waves1

Total4

12(a)1

(b)Frequency1

(c)Away from the normal1

(d)The waves propagate from a shallow area to a deep area. 1

Total4

13(a)(i)In series1

(ii)In parallel1

(b)(i)R2 and R31

(ii)They are connected in parallel1

Total4

14(a)(i)1.50 V1

(ii)1.50 1.45 = 0.05 V1

(iii)0.5 A1

(iv)Internal resistance

= Voltage lost Current

= 0.05

0.5

= 0.11

Total4

15(a)(i)electromagnet

1

(ii)North/N1

(iii)-hit/strike the gong1

(b)-hard to magnetised/demagnetised1

(c)-still can strike the gong/same as before1

Total6

16(a)The direction of the magnetic field lines inside the coil1

(b)The direction of the current in the solenoid wires1

(c)Inside the solenoid, somewhere near the centre of the solenoid1

(d)By increasing the current

By increasing the number of turns per unit length1

1

17(a)(i)Alternating current/ a.c

1

(ii)Vp = 2 x 5 = 10V

1

(iii) Vrms = Vp / 2

= 10 / 2

= 7.07 V1

1

Total4

18(a)(i)x : Collector, y : Base, z : Emitter3

(ii)pnp transistor1

Total4

19(a)This is because the pressure of the gas inside the Geiger-Muller tube is very low compared to atmospheric pressure.1

(b)(i)Alpha particles, beta particles and gamma rays1

(ii)The walls of the tube are made of aluminium. Alpha particles cannot penetrate aluminium. Only beta particles and gamma rays can penetrate the walls of the tube.1

b(iii)Alpha particles1

Total4

20(i)Mass number1

(ii)86, 41

(iii)E = mc2, m = 8.6818 x 10-30 kg

c = 3 x 108 ms-1E = (8.6818 x 10-30 kg)( 3 x 108 ms-1)2 = 7.1 x 10-15 J1

1

Total4

MARKING SCHEME FOR SKILL 2 UNDERSTANDING

SoalanJawapanMarkah

1(a) 0.03 mm1

(b)3.83 mm ( - 0.03 mm) = 3.86 mm

1

(c)To get the accuracy1

(d)Can detect smaller value 1

Total4

2(a)To avoid zero error or zero mark which is not obvious.1

(b)To increase the accuracy of measurement(substract average reading) 1

(c)

2.2 cm

Diameter of the wire = -----------

20

= 0.11 cm1

(d)Micrometer screw gauge1

Total4

3(i)Drag1

(ii)Air resistance1

(iii)Magnitude of X = magnitude of thrust

This is because the plane is flying at constant speed1

1

Total4

4(a)(i)OA1

(ii)AB and CD1

(b)300s - 150s = 150s1

(c)1

1

Total5

5(a)Mercury barometer 1

(b)75 cm Hg1

(c) P = 1.36 x 104 x 10 x 0.95

= 1.29 x 105 Pa

1

1

(d)Low density of water /water fill the tube.1

Total5

6(a)(i)1 x 105 Pa1

(ii)1 x 105 Pa1

(b)(i)Atmospheric pressure1

(ii)Density of water and density of liquid X2

Total5

7(a)X : Solid, Y : Liquid and solid, Z : Liquid3

(b)35oC1

(c)6 minutes

1

Total5

8(a)(i)BC1

(ii)-The heat energy absorbed is not used to increase the kinetic energy

- The heat energy is used to overcome the force of attraction between the solid molecules(for solid change to liquid )

1

1

Total3

9(a)(i)

- 2 ray beam

- Image 1

1

(a)(ii)Virtual, upright, smaller than object 1

(b)(i) - 2 ray beam - Virtual image 1

1

(ii)Virtual, upright, smaller than object 1

Total6

10(a)A prism periscope

1

(b)(i)1

(ii)The prism in optical instrument P are placed as in 10(b)(i) because this arrangement allows light rays from the object to be reflected by 90o into the lower prism and out to the eyes of the observer. Total internal reflection occurs in both prism.1

(c)(i)1

(ii)The image is upright/same in size1

Total4

11(a)l = ax/D

a = 0.8 m, D = 3.3 m , x = 4.5/2 m

= 2.25 m

=

= 0.8 m x 2.25 m

3.3 m

= 0.55 m1

(b)The intersection of peak with peak of the waves1

Total4

12(a)1

(b)Frequency1

(c)Away from the normal1

(d)The waves propagate from a shallow area to a deep area. 1

Total4

13(a)(i)In series1

(ii)In parallel1

(b)(i)R2 and R31

(ii)They are connected in parallel1

Total4

14(a)(i)1.50 V1

(ii)1.50 1.45 = 0.05 V1

(iii)0.5 A1

(iv)Internal resistance

= Voltage lost Current

= 0.05

0.5

= 0.11

Total4

15(a)(i)electromagnet

1

(ii)North/N1

(iii)-hit/strike the gong1

(b)-hard to magnetised/demagnetised1

(c)-still can strike the gong/same as before1

Total6

16(a)The direction of the magnetic field lines inside the coil1

(b)The direction of the current in the solenoid wires1

(c)Inside the solenoid, somewhere near the centre of the solenoid1

(d)By increasing the current

By increasing the number of turns per unit length1

1

17(a)(i)Alternating current/ a.c

1

(ii)Vp = 2 x 5 = 10V

1

(iii) Vrms = Vp / 2

= 10 / 2

= 7.07 V1

1

Total4

18(a)(i)x : Collector, y : Base, z : Emitter3

(ii)pnp transistor1

Total4

19(a)This is because the pressure of the gas inside the Geiger-Muller tube is very low compared to atmospheric pressure.1

(b)(i)Alpha particles, beta particles and gamma rays1

(ii)The walls of the tube are made of aluminium. Alpha particles cannot penetrate aluminium. Only beta particles and gamma rays can penetrate the walls of the tube.1

b(iii)Alpha particles1

Total4

20(i)Mass number1

(ii)86, 41

(iii)E = mc2, m = 8.6818 x 10-30 kg

c = 3 x 108 ms-1E = (8.6818 x 10-30 kg)( 3 x 108 ms-1)2 = 7.1 x 10-15 J1

1

Total4

MARKING SCHEME

1(a)(i)A boat move in opposite direction with a boy and a girl move in opposite direction with a ball.1

(a)(ii)

2

(a)(iii)The Principle of conservation of momentum

Total momentum before collision is the same as the total momentum after collision, provided no external force acting.

1

1

CONCEPTUALIZE SKILL

SECTION A

2 (a)(i)Diagram 6.1 has less stretching force than Diagram 6.2

Diagram 6.2 has more stretching force than Diagram 6.11

(a)(ii)Diagram 6.1 has less work done than Diagram 6.2

Diagram 6.2 has more work done than Diagram 6.11

(a)(iii)Work done = Fx

= (50) (0.2)

= 5 J1

1

(b)(i) (b)(i)Diagram 6.1 has less energy than Diagram 6.21

(ii)Diagram 6.1 has less distance of projection than Diagram 6.21

(iii)The higher the energy gained, the higher the distance of projection1

(c)Use thicker elastic string //

Increase the pulling force of arrow1

3. (a) Speed is the rate of change of distance

(b)(i) 1. No air movement, the paper and the canopy will not lift up

2. Paper and canopy lift up when the air moves

(ii) Air pressure above the paper is lower than below the paper

(iii)The speed of air produces low air pressure

(c) Bernoulli's principle

(i) the speed of air at P is higher

(ii)

4.(a)(i) The distance in figure 6.2 is further

(ii) The work done by the pupil in Figure 6.2 is bigger

(iii) Correct substitution

W = 20 N x 0.5 m

= 10 Nm (Answer and unit correct)

(b) (i)The energy increases the distance of projection increases

(ii)The energy conservation principle.

( c) (i) The time is the same.

(ii)The falling height is the same / The mass does not influence the time of fall.

5.(a) The surface area of the birds feather is more than the surface area of the drop of water.

(b) 1. Initially both accelerate at the same rate.

2. During the last stage , both have the same final velocity.

3. The final velocity of the drop of water is higher than the final velocity of the bird feather

(c) The final velocity is inversely proportional to the surface area

ANSWER Part B Skill 4

1. (i)1. Wavelength in figure 10.2 is bigger than figure 10.1

2. The separation of the adjacent nodal lines ( x) in figure 10.2 is bigger

than figure 10.1

3. The bigger the frequency , the smaller the wavelength

4. The bigger the frequency , the smaller the separation of the adjacent nodal lines

5. The separation of the adjacent nodal lines is directly proportional to

wavelength. // x

(ii) Interference

2. (a)The product of mass and velocity1

(b)The shape of the ball A unchanged

The shape of the ball B change

The velocity of the ball A is higher than B

The time of impact for ball A is shorter than B

When the time impact is shorter, impulsive force is greater

When the time impact is shorter, the velocity after collision is higher.

1

1

1

1

1

3.(a)(i) Density is mass per volume

(ii) 1. The boat sinks more in the river than in the sea. //

The boat float more in the sea .

2. The volumes of water displaced by the boat in the river more than the volume of water displaced in the sea.

3. The mass/ weight of the boat and its load is the same when it is in the sea and the river.

4. The boat floats because of its weight is balanced by the up thrust.

5. The up thrust is equal to the weight of the water displaced

6. More water will be displaced when the density is lower / The boats sink more when the density is lower / Density is inversely proportional to the

volume of water displaced.

(iii) Archimedes principle4. (a) 1. The number of turn of the coils in Diagram 10.2

more than in Diagram 10.1

2. The arrangement patterns of the iron fillings in

Diagram 10.1 is further apart //

The arrangement patterns of the iron fillings in

Diagram 10.2 is closer to each other.

3. The angle of deflection of the ammeter indicator in

Diagram 10.1 is smaller than in Diagram 10.2.

(b)(i) The closer the pattern of iron fillings the greater the

strength of magnetic field

(ii)The strength of magnetic field increases as the

number of turns increases.

5. (a) Amplitude maximum displacement from the mean

position.

(b) 1. The size of turning fork in Diagram 10.1 is bigger

than that in diagram 10.2

2. The amplitude of the sound waves in Diagram 10.1

is bigger than that of the sound waves in Diagram 10.2 .

3. The frequency of the sound waves in Diagram 10.1

is the same as the frequency of the sound waves

in Diagram 10.2

(c)(i) The bigger the amplitude the louder the sound.

(ii) The bigger the turning fork, the bigger the amplitude

6. (a) Electric current is the rate of charge flow in a circuit

(b) 1. The voltage supplied in Diagram 10.2 more than

that in figure 10.1

2. The bulbs in Diagram 10.2 light up brighter than

that in Diagram 10.1

3. The angle of deflection of the ammeter pointer in

Diagram 10.2 is more than that in diagram 10.1

(c ) (i) The greater the voltage , The greater the current

(ii) The greater the current , the brighter the bulbs.

7. (a)(i) change direction/ change size / change shape /

change velocity

(ii) 1 forces are in opposite direction

2. The magnitude of force acted ( car) in diagram 9.2 bigger than diagram 9.1

3 The magnitude of forced acted ( tree) in diagram 9.2 bigger than diagram9.1

4 The force acted on the car and the tree are in opposite direction

5 The magnitude of forced acted on the car and the tree are equal // Action and reaction are equal.

SKILL 5 ; QULITATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING

1. i What is meant by the specific latent heat of vaporization of a liquid ?

(1 mark)

The specific latent heat of vaporization of a liquid is the amount of heat required to change 1kg of the liquid to gaseous state at constant temperature.

ii Explain the suitability of each of the liquids to be used as a cooling agent in

an air conditioner. Hence determine which liquid is the most suitable to be

used. Give reasons for your choice.

(10 marks)

the density must be low, so that the air-conditioner unit is not too

heavy

boiling point must be low, so that the cooling agent is evaporates

easily at low temperature specific heat capacity must be low, so that it can be heated quickly

the specific latent heat of vaporization must be high, so that it absorb

more heat from the surrounding air when it evaporises through the

valve in the tube

Liquid N is most suitable because liquid N has a low density,

low boiling point, low specific heat capacity and moderate

specific latent heat of vaporization. 2. i What is meant by specific heat capacity ?

(1 mark)

It is the heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a

substance bt 1oC or 1K ii Which material is most suitable for making a heat-retaining container

for food or a heat insulating container for keeping ice ?

Explain the reasons for the choice based on the properties of the

materials shown in the table.

(10 marks)

the density must be low, so it is lighter and easier to be

carried about

it has low rate of rusting, making a durable material noteasily corroded

it has a high specific heat capacity, for making a good insulator it has a poor conduction rate for making it difficult for heat to

pass through it / the hot food will not cool easily and the

ice will not melt easily.

W is most suitable material because it has low density, low rate of rusting, a high specific heat capacity and has a poor conduction rate.SKILL 6 - SKEMA

SoalanmarkPeraturan Pemarkahan

1 (a) 1State a suitable inference

The speed of the boy on reaching the ground depends on the height of the top of a slide

(b)1States a relevants hypothesis

The higher the top of a slide the higher the speed of the boy on reaching the ground.

(c )

Total 1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

12 marksDescribe a relevant and workable experimental framework

State the aim of experiment

To study the relationship between the speed of an object on reaching the ground and the height of the top of the slide.

State the manipulated variable and the responding variableManipulated variable : Height of slide ( the slooping runway)

Responding variable : Speed of the object

State ONE variable that kept constantFixed variable : Mass of the trolley / angle of inclination

of the runway board.

Complete list of apparatus and materials A trolley, runway board, ticker- timer, ticker-tape, power supply,metre rule, cellophan tape and wooden block

Note:

A complete apparatus and materials means, with the apparatus and materials a set of data ( manipulated and responding variables) can be obtained from the experiment

States the workable arrangement of the apparatus

a.c power supply

States the method of controlling the manipulated variableThe height of the trolley from the ground/ floor, h = 10 cm is measure using the metre rule.States the method of measuring the responding variable

The power supply is switched on and the ticker-timer is started

the trolley is released and the final speed, v of trolley is

determined by analysing the ticker-tapeRepeat the experiment at least 4 timesThe experiment is repeated by using different values of h = 15 cm,

h = 20 cm , h = 25 cm and h = 30 cm. The final velocity of the trolley reaches the ground is caculated from the dots made on ticker- tape.Tabulating of data

Height h/cm

Velocity of trolley , v /cms-110

15

20

25

30

State how data will be analysed

Plot graph of velocity against height

v/cms-1

h/cm

SoalanmarkPeraturan Pemarkahan


Pressure in water increases with depth/ depends on depth

(b)1States a relevants hypothesis

As depth is increases, pressure in water increases

(c )

Total 1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1



To study the relationship between the pressure in water and the depth

State the manipulated variable and the responding variableManipulated variable : Depth of water

Responding variable : Water pressure

State ONE variable that kept constantFixed variable : Density of water

.

Complete list of apparatus and materials Measuring cylinder, thistle funnel, rubber membraine (balloon)

Rubber tube, manometer, metre rule and water

Note:


States the workable arrangement of the apparatus

States the method of controlling the manipulated variable The apparatus is set up as shown in the diagram

The mouth of the thistle funnel is lowered vertically into the

water until the depth, h = 5.0 cmStates the method of measuring the responding variable The height difference, y of water in the manometer level is

Recoded/ measured

Repeat the experiment at least 4 timesThe experiment is repeated by using different values of h = 10.0cm

h = 15.0 cm , h = 20.0 cm, and h = 25.0 cm

Tabulating of data

Depth h/cm

Height different of manometer, y / cm5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0


Plot graph of height different of manaometer against depth y/cm

h/cm

4 (a)1State a suitable inference

The rate of cooling of an object depends on its masses.

(b)1State a relevant hypothesis

The rate of cooling of water increases as its mass decreases.

(c)1State the aim of experiment

To investigate the relationship between the rat e of cooling of water and its mass.

1State the manipulated variable and the responding variableManipulated : mass of water // mResponding : Rate of cooling

1State ONE variable that kept constantInitial temperature / Final temperature

1Complete list of apparatus and materialsBeaker 250 cm3, measuring cylinder, water, electric heater.stopwatch, thermometer.

1Arrangement of apparatus :

111State the method of controlling the manipulated variable1. Apparatus is set as shown in the above figure.

2. Water is heated to 55oC.

3. 50 cm3 of water is placed in a 250 ml beaker with a thermometer immersed in the water.

State the method of measuring the responding variable

4. The stopwatch is started when the temperature of the water is at 50oC. The stopwatch is stopped when the temperature reaches 35oC. The time, t is recorded.

Repeat the experiment at least 4 times5. The experiment is repeated using volumes of water 100 cm3, 150 cm3, 200 cm3and 250 cm3.

1Tabulation of data:Mass, m (g)Time, t (s)

1

Total marks

12Analyse the data .

Time, t (s)

Mass, m (g)

QuestionmarkMarking Scheme


An electric current//Resistance depend on the length of wire

(b)1States a relevant hypothesis

When the length of wire increases, the electric current also decreases// resistance increase.

(c )

Total 1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1



To study the relationship between the electric current// resistance and the length of wire

State the manipulated variable and the responding variableManipulated variable : The length of wire

Responding variable : The electric current//resistance

State ONE variable that kept constantFixed variable : The diameter of wire/E.m.f

.

Complete list of apparatus and materials Constantan wire, dry cells, ammeter and metre rule//

Constantan wire, dry cells, ammeter, metre rule and voltmeter.

Note:


State the workable arrangement of the apparatus

or

State the method of controlling the manipulated variable 1.The apparatus is set up as shown in figure.

2.A length of constantan wire l = 20.0 cm is measured by using metre rule and is connected across terminal X and Y

State the method of measuring the responding variableThe switch is closed and the electric current, I is recorded by using ammeter.// and voltmeter then calculate R.

Repeat the experiment at least 4 timesThe experiment is repeated with constantan wires of length l = 30.0 cm, 40.0 cm, 50.0 cm and 60.0 cm

Tabulating of data

The length of wire

The electric current, I

or

The length of wire

The electric current, I

The voltage, V

R =


I/A

l/cm

O

I

C

O

F

F

C

I

O

I

C

O

F

F

C

I

F

F

EMBED PBrush

Thermometer

Beaker

water

Stopwatch

EMBED PBrush

_1145225962.unknown

_1236147486.unknown

_1145225943.unknown

enrichment programme for physics-scheme

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