GREEN ENERGY AND ITS

ADVANTAGES

Presentation ByAkhila .A

2014600601I M.Sc. ENS

GREEN ENERGY

• It is energy resourcesthat are renewable

• Can be naturallyreplenished

• Clean, Safe and notharmful to theenvironment

RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

• Radiant solar energy

–Solar heating (passive and active), solar power plants, photovoltaic cells

• Biomass energy

–Direct: combustion of biomass

–Indirect: chemical conversion to bio fuel

• Wind energy

• Hydro energy

• Geothermal energy

–Power plants, direct use, heat pumps

SOLAR ENERGY

• Solar energy is, simply the lightand heat that comes from the sun.

• Solar energy can be harnessed indifferent ways:

• Photovoltaic cells,

• Solar thermal technology,

• Passive solar heating

• The heart of a solar thermal system is a`solar collector'.

• It's main function is to collect solar thermalenergy and transfer it to the fluid to beheated.

• Types of Solar collector:

1. Flat plate collector

2. Evacuated tube collector

3. CPC collector (stationary concentrator)

4. Parabolic trough concentrator

ADVANTAGES

• Renewable and free

• High energy yield

• A very clean source of energy

• No air/water pollution duringoperation

• Low operating costs

• Will pay for themselves over time

• Needs no fuel for production

WIND ENERGY

• The sun’s energy falling on the earth produces large-scale motions of the atmosphere causing winds

• It is also influenced by small scale flows caused bylocal conditions such as nature of terrain, buildings,water bodies, etc.

• One of the prominent power generation technologyamongst the renewable energy technologies.

• Horizontal axis wind turbines are most commonlyused for power generation, although some verticalaxis wind turbine designs has been developed andtested.

WIND ENERGY TECHNOLOGY

Source: Centre for Wind Energy Technology

ADVANTAGES– High net energy yield

– Renewable and free

– Very clean source of energy

• No pollution (air or water) during operation

– Long operating life

– Low operating/maintenance costs

– Can be quickly built

– Now almost competitive with hydro andfossil fuels

– Land can be used for other purposes

• Can combine wind and agricultural farms

HYDRO ENERGY• It is the first renewable energy source to be tapped

essentially to produce electricity.

• Hydro power currently suffices one fifth of theglobal electricity supply.

• The basics of power from water is the result ofconversion of potential energy to kineticenergy which is transferred to the buckets inthe turbine (mechanical energy).

• It is the prime mover for the generator (electricalenergy) which produces electricity.

HYDRO ENERGY TECHNOLOGY

• The energy from moving water can be used tocreate electricity in several different ways:

• A hydroelectric dam : captures energy fromthe movement of a river.

• Wave power : captures energy from waves onthe surface of the ocean using a special buoy orother floating device.

• Tidal power captures the energy of flowingwaters with the help of turbines as tides rush inand out of coastal areas.

TIDAL ENERGY

ADVANTAGES– Cheap to operate

• Long life and lower operating costs than all other power plants

– Renewable

– High yield

• Lower energy cost than any other method

– Pretty plentiful

• Some countries depend almost entirely on it

– Not intermittent

– Reservoirs have multiple uses

• Flood Control, drinking water, aquaculture, recreation

– Less air pollution than fossil fuel combustion

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY• Geothermal energy is the natural heat of the earth.

• Earth's interior heat originated from its fieryconsolidation of dust and gas over 4 billion years ago.

• It is continually regenerated by the decay of radioactiveelements, that occur in all rocks.

• The temperature increases with the increase of depth - inthe Earth's crust is 17 °C -- 30 °C per km of depth.

• Below the crust is the mantle, made of highly viscous,partially molten rocks with temperatures between 650 °C -- 1250 °C .

• At the Earth's core, which consists of a liquid outer coreand a solid inner core, temperatures vary from 4000 °C --7000 °C

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY TECHNOLOGY

• Geothermal power plants, which useheat from deep inside the Earth togenerate steam to make electricity.

• Geothermal heat pumps, which tapinto heat close to the Earth's surface toheat water or provide heat forbuildings.

GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT

GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMP

http://epa.gov/climatestudents/solutions/technologies/geothermal.html

Geothermal provinces in India : The Himalayas, Sohana, West Coast, Cambay, Son-Narmada-Tapi(SONATA), Godavari and Mahanadi.

ADVANTAGES• It is a renewable source of energy.

• By far, it is non-polluting and environment friendly.

• There is no wastage or generation of by-products.

• Can be used directly.

• Maintenance cost of geothermal power plants is veryless.

• GPP don't occupy too much space and thus help inprotecting natural environment.

• Unlike solar energy, it is not dependent on theweather conditions.

• Biomass energy is the use of living and recently deadbiological material as an energy source

• Ultimately dependent on the capture of solar energyand conversion to a chemical (carbohydrate) fuel

• Theoretically it is a carbon neutral and renewablesource of energy

• Estimates have indicated that 15% - 50% of theworld’s primary energy use could come frombiomass by the year 2050.

• Currently, about 11% of the world’s primary energy isestimated to be met with biomass.

BIOMASS ENERGY

BIOMASS GASIFICATION

• Biomass gasification is the process through which solidbiomass material is subjected to partial combustion inthe presence of a limited supply of air.

• In a gasifier, solid fuel is converted by a series ofthermo-chemical processes like drying, pyrolysis, oxidation, and reduction to a gaseous fuelcalled producer gas.

• The ultimate product is a combustible gas mixtureknown as producer gas.

• If atmospheric air is used as the gasification agent,which is the normal practice, the producer gas consistsmainly of CO, H2, N2

BIOMASS GASIFIER BASED SYSTEMS

• Major applications:

• i) Mechanical shaft power applications : the gasis used as fuel for internal combustion enginerunning on dual fuel or 100% producer gasmode.

• ii) Direct heat applications : it is burnt directlyin a boiler, furnace or kiln, burner forinstitutional cooking, etc., to provide heat.

• iii) Electricity generation through shaft powerapplication viz., (engine coupled to analternator/generator set).

ADVANTAGES

1. No Harmful Emissions

2. Clean Energy

3. Abundant and Renewable

4. Reduce Dependency on Fossil Fuels

5. Reduce Landfills

6. Can be Used to Create Different Products

7. No Fuel Needed

8. Smallest Land Footprint

HYDROGEN

• Fossil Fuels

– Steam Reforming of Natural Gas

• Combination of methane and steam produces hydrogen gas .

• Most economical; main current method

– Partial Oxidation (POX) of Hydrocarbons

• HC partially oxidized to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide

– Coal Gasification

• Can also be used to get hydrogen from biomass

• Electrolysis, Photolysis and thermolysis

HYDROGEN PRODUCTION

ADVANTAGES

1. Renewable and Abundant

2. Clean Energy Fuel

3. Non-Toxic

4. More Powerful Than Fossil Fuels

5. Fuel Efficiency

HYGROGEN ECONOMY• Definition

• Hydrogen Economy is a hypothetical large-scalesystem in which elemental hydrogen (H2) is theprimary form of energy storage

• Fuel cells would be the primary method of conversionof hydrogen to electrical energy.

• Efficient and clean; scalable

• In particular, hydrogen (usually) plays a central role intransportation.

• Potential Advantages

• Clean, renewable

• Reliable

GO GREEN• The sun, wind , geothermal, ocean energy are

available in the abundant quantity and free touse.

• The non-renewable sources of energy that weare using are limited and are bound to expireone day.

• Renewable sources have low carbon emissions,therefore they are considered as green andenvironment friendly.

• It helps in stimulating the economy andcreating job opportunities.

• We don’t have to rely on any third country forthe supply of renewable sources as in case ofnon-renewable sources.

• Renewable sources can cost less thanconsuming the local electrical supply. In thelong run, the prices of electricity are expectedto soar since they are based on the prices ofcrude oil, so renewable sources can cut yourelectricity bills.

• Various tax incentives in the form of taxwaivers, credit deductions are available forindividuals and businesses who want to gogreen.

REFERENCES• Conserve Energy Futurehttp://www.conserve-energy-future.com/• Centre for Science and Environmenthttp://cseindia.org/• India Energy Portalhttp://www.indiaenergyportal.org/index.php• Tata Energy Research Institutehttp://edugreen.teri.res.in/explore/renew/renew.htm• USEPA Student’s guide to climate changehttp://epa.gov/climatestudents/index.html• US Nation wide Educationwww.NationwideEducation.co.uk

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