ensuring and enriching the scholarly communications chain: the role of technology and standards in...
TRANSCRIPT
Ensuring and enriching the scholarly communications
chain:The role of technology and
standards in content distribution
Todd CarpenterManaging Director, NISO
Publishing, Promoting and Preserving Scholarship @ SUNY
April 2011
April 7, 2011 Publishing, Promoting and Preserving Scholarship @ SUNY
Overview
Standards in publishing
Fixity, discovery and identity
What is “Long Term”? A story about preserving ideas
Machine-intermediated communication
The future of content distribution 2
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35 % Publishers/Publishing Organizations
32% Libraries/Library Organizations
36 LSA Members (non-voting)
33% Library Systems Suppliers, Publishing Vendors &
Intermediaries
ISO
ANSI
Other SDOs
National Information Standards Organization
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Standards for Publishing are Nothing New
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Standards for Publishing are Nothing New
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Where page numbers really are needed
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But what does an ebook page number mean?
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Citations in ebooks?
From page numbers to citation
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Referencing in an online world
The Digital Object Identifier (DOI)• A system for persistently linking
online resourcesIdentifiers are assigned, stored in web
databaseReference is to ID, which is actionable
referral to place on the network where the item now resides
Publishers update the database, and the links are preserved
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When is a new thing a new thing?
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ISBN-13 for E-books
Ebook characteristics
• Encoding structure possibilities (file formats)• Platform dependencies (different devices) • Reflowable (resize)• Mutable (easily changed/updated)• Chunked (the entire item or only elements)• Networkable (location isn’t applicable)• Actionable/interactive • Linkable (to other content)• Transformable (text to speech)• Multimedia capable• Extensible (not constrained by page)• Operate under license terms (not copyright)• Digital Rights Management (DRM)
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ISBN-13 for E-books
When should a new version get a new ISBN?
PDF? HTML? EPUB? MOBI? KINDLE?
If a publisher refuses to assign one, can a supplier; such as Baker & Taylor, Ingram, or Google?
Metadata bloat – 1 book, with 15 chaptersSold separately available in 5 formats + HC, SC, PoDPotentially 78 ISBNs assigned to one book
Publishing, Promoting and Preserving Scholarship @ SUNY
April 7, 2011
Preserving this loving curated content
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Publishing, Promoting and Preserving Scholarship @ SUNY
April 7, 2011
May 2006, Mobile, AL
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Publishing, Promoting and Preserving Scholarship @ SUNY
April 7, 2011
The Millennium Clock
• Danny Hillis - technology pioneer and futurist
• In 1997 he wrote an article outlining his vision for a Millennium Clock
• Trying to get people to think in longer timeframes and how we might communicate through the generations
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Publishing, Promoting and Preserving Scholarship @ SUNY
April 7, 2011
Beams of Oxford’s College Hall
The New College at Oxford began construction of College Hall in 1379
In the late 19th century, a student working on his doctoral thesis finds the beams of the ceiling are being destroyed by wood-eating beetles
The College called upon its resident forester to provide wood for the new beams
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Publishing, Promoting and Preserving Scholarship @ SUNY
April 7, 2011
College Hall: Legend has it
When the original hall was built, at the request of the master carpenter, new oak trees were planted to provide replacement beams
Someone had the forethought to plant trees that wouldn’t be needed for another 500 years.
Hillis asked: Did someone plant the trees to replace the beams that were replaced?
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Publishing, Promoting and Preserving Scholarship @ SUNY
April 7, 2011
“The Long Now”
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Publishing, Promoting and Preserving Scholarship @ SUNY
April 7, 2011
The Millennium Clock
• Vision to create a clock that could keep accurate time for 10,000 years
• Prototype was built and presented to the British Museum in London on 12/31/99
• It ticks once per year– Chimes once per century– “Cookoo” appears once per millennium
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Publishing, Promoting and Preserving Scholarship @ SUNY
April 7, 2011
Long-term Digital Preservation?
http://www.wired.com/wired/scenarios/clock.html (Circa 2008 – since updated)
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Asynchronous Product Life Cycles
Media (CD, DVDs, files, memory etc.)
Content
Hardware
Software
Time
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“Interoperability with the future”Layers of Preservation
– Physical Layer: storage media Can we access what was stored? Necessary but not sufficient
– Logical Layer: file formats, structured dataCan we extract the meaning?Do we know the significant properties of the
file?– Conceptual/Intellectual Layer: the “work”
Is this the content we think it is?Multiple manifestations & versions over time
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What makes sense today
Preservation, discoverability and accessibility are easiest when they are “baked in” at the outset
Content creators and distributors only need to conform to standards, if those standards were developed with things like preservation, discovery and accessibility in mind
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Who is reading your content?
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Machines don’t talk like people do
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Machines don’t talk like people do
Machines don’t talk like people doInconsistent information, information
not “well formed” will cause systems to fail
Adherence to STANDARDS in scholarly communication is critical
Machine interactions are transforming how we interact with our world, especially in reading & scholarship April 7, 2011 Publishing, Promoting and Preserving Scholarship @
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The reference of the future
<Ref>
<Refstyle> <ISNI> <Affliation-I2> <ISBN/ISSN> <ISCI>
<DataSchema> <DOI> <ACCESS DATE>
</Ref>
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Living an a machine-intermediated world
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There is more innovation coming soon
Why this becomes important
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Moving Forward
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Growing Importance of E-book Market
Q1 02
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$100,000,000 US Trade Wholesale Electronic Book Sales 2002-
2010
Wholes...
Data Source: IDPF and AAP http://www.idpf.org/doc_library/industrystats.htm
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The Book-less Library at Stanford
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The Book-less Library at Cornell
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The Book-less Library at _________
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The National Digital Library of Korea
Data Complexity – Size & Scope
• “…The amount of information created, captured, or replicated exceeded available storage for the first time in 2007. Not all information created and transmitted gets stored, but by 2011, almost half of the digital universe will not have a permanent home.”
http://www.emc.com/collateral/analyst-reports/diverse-exploding-digital-universe.pdf
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Single Incision Wagon Wheel Phaco from British Journal of Ophthalmology
Data: Increasingly important medium
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Text, Data, Video or Audio Content
With expanded media forms the core questions:– What is critical to understanding?– What is supplemental to understanding?– What is ancillary to understanding?
The form of the content, i.e., text, video, audio, data, applications, is NOT the key to whether something is supplemental
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How pressing is this problem?
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Understanding a networked world
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The App Era? Or end of the Web Era?
Non-traditional Publishing
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Are we ready for this new environment?
"If you don't like change, you're going to like irrelevance even
less.”
General Eric Shinseki, Retired Chief of Staff, U. S. Army
April 7, 2011 Publishing, Promoting and Preserving Scholarship @ SUNY
Thank you!
Todd Carpenter, Managing [email protected]
National Information Standards Organization (NISO)One North Charles Street, Suite 1905Baltimore, MD 21201 USA+1 (301) 654-2512www.niso.org
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