ensuring sustainability of water resources through increased water use efficiency

PRESENTATION GIVEN BY

SUSHIL GUPTASUSHIL GUPTA CHAIRMAN

CENTRAL GROUND WATER BOARDNEW DELHI

10.4.13

WATER ALLOCATIONWATER ALLOCATION

Share of domestic water useShare of domestic water use

MAXIMISE USE PER DROP OF WATERMAXIMISE USE PER DROP OF WATER


Share of industrial water useShare of industrial water useMAXIMISE USE PER DROP OF WATERMAXIMISE USE PER DROP OF WATER


Share of agricultural water useShare of agricultural water useMAXIMISE USE PER DROP OF WATER

WATER DEMAND AS PER USEWATER DEMAND AS PER USEAgriculture will remain the Agriculture will remain the

largest water userlargest water user

WATER DEMAND AS PER WATER DEMAND AS PER CONTINENTSCONTINENTS

Asia – the most stressed areaAsia – the most stressed area

MAXIMISE USE PER DROP OF WATER

INCREASE IN POWER REQUIREMENT


1.3

2.6

3.9

5.3

7.9

0123456789

20 30 50 70 100

POWER REQUIREMENT FOR TUBE WELL DISCHARGE OF 10 L SEC-1

Total Head (ft)

Hor

se P

ower

WHAT TO DO ?Efficient use of water higher productivity per unit of use conserves the natural resources of the area.

Demand side management


Objectives• To develop a framework to optimize the use

of available water resources by increasing water use efficiency through suitable methods.

• Water use efficiency includes any measure that reduces the amount of water used per unit of any given activity, consistent with the maintenance or enhancement of water quality.

• Economic, social, technological and environ mental dimensions to be considered

Drivers of Change in WU Efficiency• Availability & Reliability of Supply

– Scarcity is the key driver.• Value / Cost of Water

– Value/cost of water becomes an important factor when the cost of accessing water becomes a significant input cost impacting profit margins.

• Policy and regulatory framework for water management – These need to support WU efficiency.

Important areas of WUE

Municipal Water SuppliesIndustries , including hotels, airports, stadia,

infra structure projects , railways and other bulk producers and consumers of water etc

Agriculture sector.


Municipal and Industrial Use• Consume about 10-15%• All the water used - converted from blue to either grey

or black• Accounted & Unaccounted losses as high as 50% of the

total flow in the distribution system• Almost 80% of the leakage loss in house service

connections due to corroded pipes, faulty couplings etc• Important to formulate water use efficiency regulations

and directions for various civic bodies engaged in production, distribution and supply of water as well as industries, hotels, airports, railways etc.


STRATEGIES : STRATEGIES : Municipal & Industrial UseMunicipal & Industrial Use

Industrial SectorShared recycling facilities & use of

treated wastewater for non-potable purposes

Preparation and implementation of water management plans by industries - Free or subsidized technical advice from Government / research organizations

Development of technologies for increasing water use efficiency in industries.

Institution of awards for promoting achievements in water efficiency.

Incentives for the adoption of water efficiency equipment.


STRATEGIES : Municipal & Industrial Use

Drinking & Domestic Water Sector Incentives for households for installation of rainwater

harvesting systems and grey water treatment systems.Formulation and implementation of An appropriate

approval process for the installation of roof-top rainwater harvesting systems across all states.

Promoting the use of water efficient appliances and fittings in new buildings

Establishment of national standards and codes relating to water efficiency, including the rating and labeling of water efficient appliances in consultation with the States and Industries.

Implementation of rational water pricing to encourage the adoption of water efficient practices and efficient use of water by domestic consumers.

Promoting further research into cost effective options for improved water efficiency in the drinking and domestic sector.


Water Use Efficiency Water Use Efficiency inin Irrigation Sector Irrigation Sector

Present WUE in irrigation sector :Surface water – 35-40%Ground Water – 65-70%

Total water use in Agriculture 525 BCM – 83%

Main reasons of low WUE :Deficiencies in water delivery systemsInefficient water management in the fields


Water Use Efficiency in Irrigation Sector• Some of the definitions of WUE used in Irrigation

sector are : • Water Use (technical) Efficiency: The mass of

agricultural produce per unit of water consumed.• Water Use (economic) Efficiency: The value of

product(s) produced per unit of water volume consumed.

• Water Use (hydraulic) Efficiency: The portion of water actually used by irrigated agriculture of the volume of water withdrawn.

• Irrigation efficiency• Application Efficiency• Conveyance Efficiency


StrategiesIrrigation Sector

Assess the potential for increased levels of automation in conveyance and distribution systems

Provide financial incentives and farm planning support to change from flood irrigation systems to sprinkler and drip irrigation systems.

Assess the potential for expansion of piped scheme irrigation on pilot basis

Program to benchmark water use and irrigation practices at state level.

Consultation program to establish practical and achievable targets for water use efficiency within irrigation sector within a fixed time-frame.

Develop standardised measures and indicators for reporting on water use efficiency.

Develop and implement a Farm Water Planning program to increase effective water management practices, provide technical support to farmers for applied best practice in irrigation systems and management and preparation of a Farm Water Conservation Plan.


StrategiesIrrigation Sector

Initiate programme for capacity building of farmers in irrigation scheduling, use of new technology systems and preparation of irrigation and drainage management plans.

Develop best practice demonstrations in use of irrigation technology including establishing climate stations in strategic intensive agriculture areas with web-based access to daily climate information.

Provide a program of financial incentives for upgrading irrigation systems, system checks by accredited irrigation technologists and implementation of a Farm Water Conservation Plan.

Establish a scheme to accredit irrigation system designers.



WHY AGRICULTURE ??

Irrigation and agriculture account for more than 80% of water budget.

If we focus on 80% use of water, any advances will translate gain in other sector.

with 10% increase in the present level of water useefficiency in irrigation projects, an additional 14 m.ha area can be brought under irrigation from the existing irrigation capacities would involve a very moderate investment as compared to the investment that would be required for creating equivalent potential through new schemes.


Too Early Rice Transplantation


84 8076

6760 56 52

0102030405060708090

1stMay

10thMay

20thMay

30thMay

10 thJun

20thJun

30thJun

ET, C

m


EFFECT OF DATE OF RICE TRANSPLANTATION ON FALL/RISE IN WATER TABLE

“System of Rice Intensification (SRI)”

involves the use of certain management practices,

Four components of SRIAppropriate planting dateLimited irrigation weeding application of more compost and building soil

organic matter content.


65.9 63.4 66.8 61.3

31.5 27.4

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Conv. Flat Bed Irrigation water savingin Bed over Conv.

Flat (%)

Bed vs Conv. Flat Planting of Paddy

Research Trials (12) Adaptive Trials (35)

Grain yield (q/ha)


Transplanting on flat puddled land(Conventional Practice)

Transplanting in furrows Transplanting on beds


MAXIMISE USE MAXIMISE USE PER DROP OF WATERPER DROP OF WATER

ensuring sustainability of water resources through increased water use efficiency

Documents

drop of watermaximise

unit of use

managementmaximise use

supply of water

drop of waterstrategies

drop of waterincrease

drop of watermunicipal

drop of waterwhat