ent 189 c programming

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ENT 189

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

Dr. Lam Chee Kiang

Email: [email protected]

Room: #44 (MEKA 3, 2nd Floor, BesidesMKM 1)

Pn. Humairah Binti Mansor


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Dr. PAULRAJ M P, Associate Professor,

School of Mechatronic Engineering,#42- Level 2,Ulu Pauh New Campus02600-Arau.

PERLIS

Email: [email protected] H/P: 017 5103757Home page: http://publicweb.unimap.edu.my/~paul/

ENT 189: COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Course Outcomes

CO1 : Ability to define the basic programming

techniques.

CO2: Ability to apply suitable programmingtechniques to solve a given problem.

CO3: Ability to develop and analyze computer programs in C and C++ for Mechatronic

Applications.


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General Information

Contributes 3 units:

2 hours - lectures

2 hours –

lab and tutorial

Main Objective:

Students can independently write acomputer program to solve problemsrelated to engineering.


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Project : Team (Two/Three)

Evaluation Contribution

Examination:Mid Examination : 10%Final Examination : 60%

Course Work:Lab : 10%Lab Test : 5%Mini Project : 15%


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Lecture content can be accessed through

http://publicweb.unimap.edu.my/~paul/

Lecture Content


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References

C How to program, Deitel, Suhizaz,

R Badlishah, Yasmin, Pearson Prentice Hall

Beginning Visual C++”, Ivor Hortons, Wiley

Publishing, Inc Indiana 2003.

“C Programming for Engineering & ComputerScience ”, H.H.Tan and T.B.Orazio, Mc Graw

Hill, 1999. Any other C programming books


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INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SYSTEMS

It is a collection of

Instructions.Software

Hardware

It is a Physical Equipment.

EKT120 Computer ProgrammingDr.Paulraj M P, School of Mechatronics Engineering, KUKUM


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HARDWARE COMPONENT

1. Input Devices

2. Central Processing Unit

(CPU)

3. Primary Storage

4. Output Devices

5. Auxiliary Storage Devices



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INPUT DEVICE



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Hardware: Physical Component

Input Device

Through which programs anddata are entered.

Key Board, Mouse, a pen orstylus, a touch screen.



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Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Responsible for executing instructions suchas arithmetic calculations,comparisons

among data and movement of data inside the

system.



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OUTPUT DEVICE

To show the processed resultoutput devices are used.If the output is shown in amonitor it is called soft copy.

If it is printed on the printer,it is called as hard copy.



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AUXILIARY STORAGE

It is the place whereall the programs anddata are stored

permanently.



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SOFTWARE

System

Software

It manages the computer

resources. It provides aninterface between thehardware and the users butdoes nothing to directly

serve the users.EKT120 Computer ProgrammingDr.Paulraj M P, School of Mechatronics Engineering, KUKUM


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COMPUTER PROGRAM

It is a sequence of instructions used to

perform a job.

Programming is the process of writing the

instructions in a language that thecomputer can understand.



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PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

The set of instructions that can be used toconstruct a program is called aprogramming language



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COMPUTER LANGUAGES

MACHINE LANGUAGE

Made up of ‘0’ s and ‘1’ s Example: 00110011 is aninstruction SYMBOLIC LANGUAGE

Mnemonics are used to denote

the strings of ‘1’s and ‘0’s. Example: ADD A

HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGESWorking with symbolic language is verydifficult.To improve programmer’s efficiency High levellanguages are developed.HLL are portable.HLL relieve the programmer from the

assembly language


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HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGES

i) FORTRAN – FORmula TRANSlationCreated by John Backus in 1957Used for Scientific and Engineering applications.

ii) COBOL – Common Business Oriented LanguageDeveloped by Admiral hopper

iii) C – Middle level languageDeveloped by Dennis Ritchie at AT&T Bell Laboratoriesof USA in 1972.



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HOW TO FEED YOUR PROGRAM TO A COMPUTER?

A text editor is used to Enter, Modify and Save the

programs and data.Some of the text editors are available with searchcommands to locate and replace statements, copy andpaste commands to copy or move statements from onepart to another.

The programs written and saved will be input to thecompiler. The program is known as source program.

COMPILER

Compiler is a program that converts source programinto machine language. A C compiler contains two separate programs as :preprocessor and translator.



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A preprocessor search for the preprocessor directives(special commands) and make substitutions of code. Afterthe preprocessor has prepared the code for compilation,the translator converts the program into machine language

and this code is called object code.

PREPROCESSOR

Even though the output of the compiler is machine

language, it can not be executed. The object code islinked to the library functions using the linker and aexecutable code is produced. The final executableprogram is executed in the system.

LINKER



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To execute your program, use an operating system, loadyour program in the primary memory and execute it. Theprogram is loaded into the primary memory using a

system program called Loader.

PROGRAM EXECUTION


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PROBLEM SOLVING

DEFINE THE PROBLEM

LOOK AT POTENTIAL CAUSES FOR THEPROBLEMSELECT AN APPROACH TO RESOLVE THEPROBLEM

IDENTIFY ALTERNATIVES FOR APPROACHESTO RESOLVE THE PROBLEM

PLAN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE BEST ALTERNATIVE

MONITOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PLAN

VERIFY IF THE PROBLEM HAS BEENRESOLVED OR NOT



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TOOLS TO DEVELOP THE SOLUTION

STRUCTURECHARTS

Used to design the whole program, It isalso known as hierarchy chart. This chartshows the functional flow of the inter-

related components. The structure chartshows how you are going to break yourprogram into logical steps; each step willbe a separate module. It also shows theinteraction between various modules.



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English – like statements thatfollow a loosely defined syntax areused to convey the design of thealgorithm.Example: Pseudo code to add

three number and to display theaverage:Step 1: Input three numbers intothe computer.

Step 2: Add all the three numbersand divide it by 3.Step 3: Display the result asaverage.

PSEUDO CODE

Example:

input Ainput BC = A + Bprint C



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FLOW CHART

It is a program design tool in which standard graphicalsymbols are used to represent the logical flow of datathrough a function. A flowchart is a diagrammatic representation thatillustrates the sequence of operations to be performed toget the solution of a problem. Flowcharts are generallydrawn in the early stages of formulating computersolutions. Flowcharts facilitate communication betweenprogrammers and business people. These flowcharts are

quite helpful in understanding the logic of complicatedand lengthy problems. Once the flowchart is drawn, itbecomes easy to write the program in any high levellanguage.



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Terminal

Input/Output

Process

Flow Lines

Decision

Loop

PredefinedProcess

Connector


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TESTING THE PROGRAMS

Program testing is very tedious and time consuming part of

program development. There are two type of programtesting

In this method of testing, the

program is tested withoutknowing what is inside theprogram. ie., The program is likea black box that we can not see.

In this method, the tester knowseverything about the program. Inthis case program is like a glasshouse in which every thing is

visible.

BLACK BOX TESTING

WHITE BOX TESTING



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Control Structure

All programs could be written in terms ofthree control structures:

Sequence structure

Selection structure

Repetition structure


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Sequence structure

Is a series of steps executed sequentiallyby default

Read num1,num2

Calculatetotal=num1+num2

Print total

Pseudocode Flowchart

Read num1,num2

total = num1+num2

print total


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Selection structure

Used to choose among alternative coursesof action

C has three types: if , if ..else, and switch


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The if selection structure

if structure is a single-entry/single-exitstructure

true

false

grade >= 60 print “Passed”

If student’s grade is greater than or equal to

60

Print “Passed”


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The if..else selection structure

Specifies an action to be performed bothwhen the condition is true and when it isfalse.

truefalse

print “Failed” print “Passed”

grade >= 60

If student’s grade is greaterthan or equal to 60

Print “Passed” else

Print “Failed”


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Repetition structure

Specifies a block of one or morestatements that are repeatedly executeduntil a condition is satisfied

Three types : while, for,

do-while

Th hil titi


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The while repetitionstructure

Programmer specifies an action is to berepeated while some conditions remains true

product


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END OF LECTURE-1



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AN Y QUES TIONS?


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THANK YOU


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List of Experiments

1. C Programming Environment.

2. Logical and repetitive structurestatements.3. Functions and Pointers.4. Structure and File handling methods.

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ent 189 c programming

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