enterprise architecture value chain - · pdf filemacc 2015 –enterprise architecture...

Enterprise Architecture

Value Chain

Armstrong Process Group, Inc.www.aprocessgroup.com

Copyright © 1998-2015 Armstrong Process Group, Inc., All rights reserved

MACC 2015

About APG

� APG’s mission is to

“Align information technology and systems engineering capabilities with business strategy using proven, practical

processes delivering world-class results.”

� Industry thought leader in enterprise architecture, business modeling, process improvement, systems and software engineering, requirements management, and agile

2

MACC 2015 – Enterprise Architecture Value Chain


engineering, requirements management, and agile methods

� Member and contributor to� UML, SysML, SPEM, UPDM at the Object Management Group

(OMG)

� TOGAF, ArchiMate, IT4IT at The Open Group

� Eclipse Process Framework (EPF) at the Eclipse Foundation

� Business partners with Sparx, HP, and IBM

Context

� EA leadership needs to distill EA value proposition to

enterprise

� Most stakeholders care about EA outcomes, not EA

implementation

� However, EA leadership needs model for understanding what

needs to be implemented in order to deliver value

3



� Needs to support/integrate other business/IT value chains

� Such as Shop-Buy-Service-Claim and Plan-Build-Run

� EA capability improvement is challenging when there is no

“call to action”

� Requires cross-organization executive support

� Nobody cares until they understand “what’s in it for me?”

IT V

alu

e C

ha

in

Architecture Value Chain

EA-Enabled Business/IT Initiatives4

Understand Respond

Simplification v1.0 Simplification v2.0

Benchmarking

Bus Unit Planning

Program Architecture Planning

Analyze

Pla

n

Decide



Project Impact Assessment

Business Continuity

Technology Lifecycle Management

IRM

Program Architecture Delivery

Bu

ildR

un

Capability Definition

� TOGAF� “A business-focused outcome that is delivered by the completion of one or more work packages.”

� DoDAF� “The ability to achieve a Desired Effect under specified (performance) standards and conditions through combinations of ways and means (activities and resources) to perform a set of activities.”

5



activities.”

� BIZBOK� “A particular ability or capacity that a business may possess or exchange to achieve a specific purpose or outcome.”

� Open Group CBP Project� “A measurable capacity to employ resources to achieve desired outcomes or goals within a specified context (or under specified conditions).”

TOGAF 9 Architecture Content Metamodel6



DoDAF 2 Capability Context7



Fit-for-Purpose CBP Metamodel8

Capability Model

Value Stream

Capability

Name: text

Category: Capabil ity Category

Type: Capabil i ty Type

Current Maturity Level: Maturity Level

Current Performance Level: Performance Level

Future Maturity Level: Maturity Level

Future Performance Level: Performance Level

Investment Disposition: Investment Disposition

Ave Health Score: number

Ave Risk Score: number

«enumerati...

Capability

Category

Core

Supporting

Enabling

«enumeration»

Maturity Level

Initial (Level 1)

Managed (Level 2)

Standardized (Level 3)

Predictable (Level 4)

Innovating (Level 5)

«enumerati...

Performance

Level

Very Poor

Poor

Acceptable

Good

Very Good

«enumerati...

Investment

Disposition

Strategic

Maintain

Retire

«enumerati...

Capability Type

Competitive

Differentiating

Commodity

View APG CBP

UML Profile

Value Chain

«enumeration»

Application Operational

Status

Proposed

Rejected

Under Development

Developed

Operational

Being Decommissioned

*

has child capabil i ties

1

*

*

*

*



Ave Risk Score: number

Total Annual Cost: number

Application

Name: text

Health Score: number

Risk Score: number

Total Annual Cost: money

Investment Disposition: Investment Disposition

Operational Status: Application Operational Status

Proposed Date: date

Development Start Date: date

Operational Start Date: date

Decommissioning Start Date: date

Decomissioning End Date: date

Retired Date: date

Strategic Business Architecture

Operational Business Architecture

Application Architecture

Migration Planning

Architecture Domains

Being Decommissioned

Decommissioned

Process

Name: text

Requirement*

0..1

*

0..1

*

supports

*

*

0..1depends upon *

*

supports

*

Tailored Capability Definition

� An ability that an organization, person, or system

possesses.

� Capabilities are typically expressed in general and

high-level terms and typically require a combination of

organization, people, processes, and technology to

achieve.

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achieve.

� A capability is WHAT a company needs to be able to do

to execute its business strategy

� Capabilities are represented as a catalog of things an

enterprise can do (ability) regardless of the governance or

how they are operationalized.

Capability Models

� Capability model is fundamentally a reference model

� EA capability model should represent things that architecture

practices and practitioners should/could do in real-world

� Capabilities are “things” – i.e. they have noun-like

names

Services are “behaviors” – i.e. they have active

10



� Services are “behaviors” – i.e. they have active

verb/noun-like names

� Fine-grained services can be composed/configured into

higher-level services

� Common practice is to contextualize the top-level of

capability model with a value chain

Capability Model Use Cases

� Analyze EA capability performance� Understand what EA capabilities need uplifting to support new strategic

initiatives and operational activities

� Create roadmaps for evolving EA practice� Associate conformance requirements for each capability as related to

multiple levels in a maturity model for assessing/improving maturity

� Create EA service portfolio

11



� Create EA service portfolio� Map EA services implemented by end-user organization to lowest level

capabilities

� Use as reference model for mapping to standards and tools� TOGAF 9.1 content for coverage and gap analysis

� Open CA conformance requirements

� ISO/IEC 15704/15288/42010

� Required tool capabilities and specific vendors’ implementations

EA Value Chain and Capability Map12

Domain Modeling

• Business Architecture

• Information Architecture

• Data Architecture

• Service Architecture

• Application Architecture

• Technology Architecture

Architectural Analysis

• Gap Analysis

• Impact Analysis

• Trade-off Analysis

• Affinity Analysis

Architecture Roadmapping

• Capability Roadmapping

• Operations Roadmapping

• Services Roadmapping

• Application Roadmapping

• Technology Roadmapping

Architecture Governance

• Architecture Risk Mgmt

• Architecture Compliance

Mgmt

• Architecture Asset Mgmt

• Architecture Process Mgmt

Understand Analyze RespondDecide



Requirements Elicitation

• Architecture Project

Scoping

• Architecture Stakeholder

Analysis

• Architecture Envisioning

Architecture Reporting

• Business Intelligence

Reporting

• Tabular Reporting

• Diagram Reporting

Architecture Planning

• Migration Planning

• Architecture Decision

Making

• Architecture Risk

Assessment

Architecture Lifecycle

Management

• Business Architecture

• Data Architecture

• Application Architecture

• Technology Architecture

Supporting Capabilities

Architecture Knowledge

Management

Architecture

Operations

Architecture

Delivery

Architecture

Integration

Architecture Human

Capital Management

EA Content Management

“Architecture-At-Rest”

EA Lifecycle Management

“Architecture-In-Motion”

EA Supporting Capabilities13

Arc

hit

ect

ure

Kn

ow

led

ge

Ma

na

ge

me

nt Architecture Modeling

• Current State Modeling

• Future State Modeling

• Architecture Metamodel Mgmt

• Architecture Viewpoints Mgmt

Architecture Reference Models

• Performance Reference Model

• Capability Reference Model

• Data Reference Model

• Service Reference Model

• Technology Reference Model

Architecture Requirements

Management

• Architecture

Requirements Definition

• Architecture

Requirements Monitoring

Reference Architectures

• Platform Reference

Architecture

• SOA Reference Architecture

• Cloud Reference Architecture

• Integration Reference

Architecture

Arc

hit

ect

ure

Op

era

tio

ns

Architecture Governance

• Architecture Principles

• Compliance Checklists

• Governance Processes

• Governance Structures

• Repository Governance

Architecture Change Management

• Business Environment Monitoring

• Technology Environment

Monitoring

• Repository Monitoring

• Governance Monitoring

• Performance Monitoring

Architecture Leadership

• Architecture Performance

Measurement

• Architecture Team

Management

Architecture Tool Mgmt

• Architecture Modeling Tools

• Architecture Reporting Tools

• Architecture Repository Tools

• Integration Tools

Arc

hit

ect

ure

Architecture Professional Services Architecture Project Support Architecture Method Architecture Best Practices



Arc

hit

ect

ure

De

liv

ery

Architecture Professional Services

• Architecture Tool Support

• Architecture Skills Training

• Architecture Tools Training

• Architecture Advisory Services

Architecture Project Support

• Architecture Project Initiation

• Architecture Project Monitoring

• Architecture Project Close-Out

Architecture Method

• Architecture

Development Method

• Standard Architecture

Deliverables

Architecture Best Practices

• Architecture Patterns

• Architecture Techniques

Arc

hit

ect

ure

Inte

gra

tio

n

Architecture Process Integration

• IT Service Management Integration

• Solution Delivery Integration

• Application Management Integration

• Portfolio Management Integration

• Project Management Integration

• Procurement Integration

Architecture Data Integration

• Technology Portfolio Integration

• Application Portfolio Integration

• Infrastructure Portfolio Integration

• Financial Reporting Integration

• Human Capital Integration

Organization Change

Management

• Architecture Liaison

Services

• Architecture

Communications

Arc

hit

ect

ure

Hu

ma

n

Ca

pit

al M

gm

t

Architect Onboarding

• Architecture Tool Provisioning

• Architecture Training Provisioning

• Architect Orientation

Architecture Skills Development

• Architecture Modeling Skills

• Architecture Decision Making Skills

• Architecture Thinking Skills

• Architecture Leadership Skills

• Architecture Mentoring Skills

Architecture Profession

• Architecture Profession

Management

• Architect Certification

• Architect Professional

Development

Capability Specification14

Capability Business Architecture Modeling

Parent Capability Architecture Modeling Value Chain Step Understand

Services •Create Business Capability Model

•Create Organization Structure Model

•Create Business Process Model

•Create Business Function Model

•Establish Architecture Traceability

Processes •Business Architecture Modeling Process v1.2



People Responsible Business Architect

Approve Capability Manager, Process Owner

Consult Subject Matter Experts

Inform Business Unit Vice President

Tools • Sparx Systems Enterprise Architect

KPIs # of Models Created, # of Models Used for Impact Analysis

Related Capabilities Current State Modeling, Metamodel Mgmt, Viewpoint Mgmt,

Modeling Tool Mgmt, Reporting, Modeling Skills, Tool Training

Capability Heat Map – TOGAF 9 Coverage15

Understand Analyze Decide Respond

Domain Modeling

Requirements

Elicitation

Architectural

Analysis

Architecture

Reporting

Architecture

Roadmapping

Architecture

Planning

Architecture

Governance

Architecture

Lifecycle

Management

Low

Medium

High

Legend



Management

Support

Architecture

Knowledge

Management

Architecture

Operations

Architecture

Delivery

Architecture

Integration

Architecture

Human Capital

Management

Business Process Maturity16

• Success in these organizations depends on competence and heroics of people

• Not on use of proven processes

Level 1: InitialFire-fighting Management

• Create a management foundation within each work unit or project

Level 2: ManagedWork Unit Management

• Establish and use common organizational process infrastructure and associated process assetsLevel 3: Standardized



infrastructure and associated process assets

• Achieve consistency in how organization performs work to provide products and services

Level 3: Standardized Process Management

• Manage and exploit the capability of the organizational process infrastructure and associated process assets

• Achieve predictable results with controlled variation

Level 4: PredictableCapability Management

• Continuously improve processes and resulting products and services

• Defect and problem prevention, continuous capability management, and planned innovative improvements

Level 5: InnovatingChange Management

Object Management Group

Business Process Maturity Model

Architecture Maturity Level Requirements17

Capability Architecture Decision Making

Parent Capability Architecture Planning Value Chain Step Strategize

Driver Simplification, Technology Lifecycle Management

Level 1

Initial

Level 2

Managed

Level 3

Standardized

Level 4

Predictable

Level 5

Innovating

• Architecture decisions

are implicitly made by

project team


are not documented

• Architecture decision

making is assigned as a

responsibility to project

architect


• Criteria for determining

architecturally-significant

are documented

• Architecture decisions are

formally documented in


managed in enterprise

repository


traced to architecture


explicitly tied to business

outcomes

• Efficacy of architecture

decisions are monitored



are not documented

• No criteria exist to

determine what

decisions are

architecturally-

significant

• No project roles are

specified to be

responsible for

architecture decisions


are explicitly made by

project architect


are informally

documented in project

deliverables

formally documented in

project deliverables in a

standard form


recorded with at least two

different alternatives


supported by documented

rationale

traced to architecture

principles


traced to the architecture

elements for which the

decisions are being made


implicitly tied to business

outcomes

decisions are monitored

over time

Current Maturity Level 2 (Managed) Future Level 3 (Standardized)

Related Capabilities Architecture Analysis, Architecture Skills Development, Architecture

Method, Architecture Onboarding, Architecture Governance

Capability Heat Map – Current Maturity Level18

Understand Analyze Decide Respond

Domain Modeling

Requirements

Elicitation

Architectural

Analysis

Architecture

Reporting

Architecture

Roadmapping

Architecture

Planning

Architecture

Governance

Architecture

Lifecycle

Management

Initial

Managed

Standardized

Predictable

Innovating

Legend



Management

Support

Architecture

Knowledge

Management

Architecture

Operations

Architecture

Delivery

Architecture

Integration

Architecture

Human Capital

Management

EA Service Catalog19

Service Description Service Scope Readiness Level EA Capability

Service GroupService Name Plan Build Run

Service

Blueprint Toolkit Repository Level 1 Level 2 Level 3

Enterprise

Architecture

Professional

Development

Provide EA Modeling Coaching X X X 100 100 100 Support Human Capital MgmtArch Skills

Development

Provide EA Skills/Tools Training X X X 100 100 100 Support Human Capital MgmtArch Skills

Development

Provide TOGAF Certification Training X X X 100 100 100 Support Human Capital MgmtArch Profession

Mgmt

Maintain EA Knowledge base (EA-BOK) X X X 100 100 100 Support Arch Knowledge Mgmt

EA Repository

Support and

Governance

Govern EA Content (measure/report on

completeness, correctness, currency)X X X 100 100 100 Support Arch Operations Arch Governance

Define and Maintain Meta-Model X X X 100 100 100 Support Arch Knowledge Mgmt Arch Modeling

Configure tools (RSA, COGNOS, Tableau) X X X 100 100 100 Support Arch Operations Arch Tool Mgmt

Customize and Extend EA Tools (macros, add-

ins)X X X 100 100 100 Support Arch Operations Arch Tool Mgmt



Governance ins)X X X 100 100 100 Support Arch Operations Arch Tool Mgmt

Manage EA Content (data upload, data quality,

data cleansing)X X X 100 100 100 Support Arch Operations Arch Governance

Manage EA Repository Users X X X 100 100 100 Support Human Capital Mgmt Arch Onboarding

EA Analysis

Services

Analyze Dependencies X X X 100 100 100 Analyze Arch AnalysisDependency

Analysis

Analyze Data Flow X X X 100 100 100 Analyze Arch Analysis Data Flow Analysis

Analyze Impact X X 100 100 100 Analyze Arch Analysis Impact Analysis

Analyze Gap X X 100 100 100 Analyze Arch Analysis Gap Analysis

Analyze Duplications/Redundancy X X 100 100 100 Analyze Arch AnalysisRedundancy

Analysis

Analyze Operational Risk X X 100 100 100 Analyze Arch Analysis Risk Analysis

Provide Application Portfolio Insights X X 100 100 100 Analyze Arch Analysis Portfolio Analysis

Provide Capability View of App Portfolio X X 100 100 100 Analyze Arch Analysis Capability Analysis

EA Practice /

Capability

Management

Market & Brand EA Practice X X X 100 100 100 Support Arch Integration Org Change Mgmt

Manage EA Adoption Roadmap X X X 100 100 100 Support Arch Integration Org Change Mgmt

Manage EA Toolkit & Services portfolio X X X 100 100 100 Support Arch Operations Arch Leadership

Conclusions

� Value chains and capability models are emerging as

industry standard best practices for planning,

improving, and monitoring enterprise investments

� As these are things that are good for the business, we

should internalize them when thinking about how we

improve and uplift our architecture practice

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improve and uplift our architecture practice

� As the architecture profession advances and matures,

understanding common activities all architects perform

becomes more important

21

Q&A

Thanks for your attention

and participation!

http://www.aprocessgroup.com

[email protected]



and participation!

enterprise architecture value chain - · pdf filemacc 2015 –enterprise architecture...

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