ENUM Presentation #846

Jong Lee

Strategic Development

VeriSign

2

A Couple of Things About ENUM

It’s a Protocol – Nothing More and Nothing Less

Opt-In Has to Go

Carrier ENUM Matters; Public ENUM Does Not

Tier 2 ENUM will Merge with SIP Location in Many Cases

Technology Does Not Matter

It’s Getting Too Political

3

Business/Regulatory State of the “Roots”

Tier 0: • Only one database controlled by RIPE NCC and ITU (policy only) • Contains participating country codes.• Delegation would be at the NPA level for the US

Tier I:• Within North America there could be several Tier 1 databases, which would

provide multiple business opportunities instead of a single monopoly.• The US Tier 1s would receive their delegation at the NPA level.• Lot’s of Boring Trials Going on Now

Tier II:• A Few Interesting Trials Underway• Every Carrier and Cooperative will have a Root

4

Current Issues With ENUM

Very few VoIP platforms support ENUM today

Nobody has figured out how to make money from ENUM yet

Nothing in ENUM you can’t do with SIP

Huge political issues over data ownership• Who wants to be the root?

ENUM solves only a small part of the problem• Where you are is easy – how to get to you in a secure, reliable matter is

another issue

5

ENUM: One Piece in the Puzzle

Tier 1 ENUM

Misc. IP Network?

Location Server/Registrar

Tier 2 ENUM

Call Control

Call Control

Call Control

Call Control

IN NAPTR 10 10 "u" "E2U+sip" “!^.*$!sip:tkershaw@verisign.com!”

IN NAPTR 10 10 "u" “E2U+mailto" “!^.*$!mailto:tkershaw@verisign.com

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ENUM: Missing Pieces

I Know the Destination Domain of the Called Party

I Can Now Query the Destination to Find the IP Address

But:

What QoS Rules are Associated with the Destination

What Protocol/Variations are Available at the Destination

What Network Path to Take

What Security Policies/Keys Are Needed

ENUM provides the information, but assumes the network will be able to figure it out.

Reality: It Won’t (at least not yet)

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ENUM Issues to Be Resolved

Critical Mass (the Network Problem)

Application developers

Public or private directories

Update rate

One or many - providers, databases, …

Regulatory and policy issues

New identifiers

Coverage

PSTN Service Logic

8

Conclusions

ENUM is starting to happen in trials

Public trials have yet to generate anything interesting

Private Tier 2 trials are getting interesting (like car wrecks are interesting)

Interop, QoS and Security are barriers

Need more Free Market input

Opt-Out of Opt-In

Clearing and Peering:New Models for Carrier and Enterprise Interconnect

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Conclusions (Answer Before Question)

Clearing Is Over

Peering is the New Model

Old Model: Exchanging Traffic

New Model: Peered Route Resolution

Issues:

Data Ownership

Security

Network Engineering

Interoperability

Radical Statement 1:

If a Call Starts on an IP Device and Ends on an IP Device, it should use the IP network end to end

Radical Statement 2:

If a Call Starts or Stops on the PSTN, Use the PSTN

Fact:

We Are Not Following Rule #1 or Rule #2 Today

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Clearing and Peering: A History

VoIP “Peering” Has Been Going on For Many Years

More Clearing than Peering

Arbitrage to Arbitrage Focus

Replacing IXC/International Trunks with IP

Long Haul Trunking Savings

Bypass/Arbitrate

This market is pretty much done

New Models for Peering are Endpoint Focused Rather than Trunk Focused

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There Is No VoIP Today

Current model for VoIP carrier is local onlyOffnet calls connect via PSTN, even if destination is IPMany operators in more than one market use PSTN even for on-net traffic between platformsSmall Operators face standard interconnect agreements for

terminating offnet trafficWhy VoIP Peering is Good

Reduce costs of PSTN interconnect for IP-IP CallsReduce operational burden of maintaining interconnects, MGs and SS7 linksEnable new services like video, collaboration and presence

Regional Operators Encounter Specific ChallengesEconomies of scale, Turnkey SolutionsEnable cooperative application development and delivery – History of ILEC market shows this is critical to success

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Elements of Peering: Routing Engine

SIP Redirect Engine ENUM/DNS

Interface to CCE

External Callouts(SIP or ENUM)

Number Analysis and Normalization (e.164 or URL)

TN Discovery

TN Exists?

Yes=BE RouteList

ExternalCalloutEngine

*LNP*CNAM*Carrier Select (ENUM or SIP)

Route Engine TN To BE Route List Proportional Route Splay Route ToD/DoW Engine Class 4 Route Default (Trunk Group, PSTN Ctvty)

Route Propagation: TGREP/TRIP/Manual Provisioning

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Elements of Peering: Subscriber Profiling

Subscriber DataAddress of RecordAddress TypeTrans IDAccnt StatusServicesReferencesContact IDs

Contact Contact URI Sequence Expiration Call ID Priority

Secure Authentication

Presence ServerSIMPLE

ENUM SIP Redirect

PolicyEngine

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Role of ENUM

Provides protocol and architecture to discover if a given phone call is IP-IP

Returns carrier domain of destination number

Allows end-to-end VoIP interconnection

However:

ENUM is not widely deployed on SS, BE or SIP Proxy infrastructure

ENUM does not solve the entire problem – directory of destinations is just one piece in secure peering

ENUM has become very political

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Simple Peering Architecture

PSTN

MediaGateway

CallCallAgentAgent

DirectorySIP/ENUM

ServiceBroker

Inter-CarrierSettlement

(??)

SubscriberPortal

ASP Domain

Applications/Services

MSO A

CallCallAgentAgent

CMTSCMTS

CallCallAgentAgent

DSLAMDSLAM

VoIP Operator

IP CoreBorder

ElementBorder

Element

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Peering Architectural Components

Core VoIP directory provides ENUM and/or SIP resolution of queries• Returns domain/IP of the partner that owns the subscriber• Admin portal allows operators to monitor and access their own data in real time

Management of Network Border• Border and Firewall management• NAT Transversal and Pinhole Management• Firewall Integrity and Intrusion Detection

Billing and Settlement between VoIP Carriers• Open questions on settlement: Will there be Compensation?• What is the Service Model (per registration, per transaction, per termination)• Even with “bill and keep” settlement, call record exchange will be necessary for

traffic engineering purposes

Application Sharing

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LNPLNP CNAPCNAPDNCDNC Toll-FreeToll-Free

SS7SS7

The Ancillary Data Layer

SigtranSigtran DNS/DNS/ENUMENUM

SIPSIP(CMSS)(CMSS)

Service DeliveryService DeliveryCORECORE

ServiceServiceBrokerBroker

MSO Customization and ProvisioningMSO Customization and Provisioning

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Peering Architecture: Operator to Enterprise

In addition to Inter-Carrier peering, Carriers will want to interconnect to other VoIP islands

Enterprises

Public Sector

In addition to directory and security, interoperability must be addressed

Enterprises are largely H.323 based today; slow migration to SIP

Other carriers are running different variations of SIP

Example: PrivacyID

Protocol normalization will be necessary at the edge of the network to protect the application delivery function

Quality of Service: Is All Routing Created Equal?

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VoIPVoIPDirectoryDirectory

Full Peering Architecture

Out-Of-Band Provisioning(Web Based Subscriber and

Admin Portal

Service Core

SIP (CMSS)

IP Network

ASP DomainASP Domain

Hosted Third-Party AppsHosted Third-Party AppsServiceServiceBrokerBroker

Call AgentCall Agent

VoIP Carrier

Border ElementBorder Element

SIP (CMSS)

DSLAMDSLAM

IPIPPBXPBX

Enterprise A

IP-PBXIP-PBX

Enterprise B

SIP (CMSS)

Border SCBorder SCFirewallFirewall

SIP (CMSS)

H.323

Call AgentCall Agent

Cable MSO A

CMTSCMTS

MGCP/MEGACO

MTA

MGCP/MEGACO

MTA

Border ElementBorder ElementSIP (CMSS)

Work at Home Employee of Enterprise B

FirewallFirewall Border SCBorder SC

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Advantages of Full Peering Model

Reduces cost of calls between operators by eliminating need to hand off to IXC/PSTN

Creates end-to-end VoIP network to enable shared value-added services

Provides highly predictable network cost model

Maintains complete perimeter security

Maintains a SIP core network while enabling carriers to connect to every other VoIP operator in the world

Allows operators to Address Key Subscriber Demographics

Teleworkers

16-25 Demographic

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Bridging VoIP Islands• Secure interconnection• Normalized to Backbone standards• Robust suite of applications• Interconnection Directory

Benefits To Operator:

Reduced Operations Costs

Reduced Capital Outlays

Network Flexibility

Support for New Services

Rapid Application Introduction

Summary: Elements of Peering

Secure, Reliable, End-to-End VoIP

NetworkNetworkCoreCore SecuritySecurity

Assets Assets

Value-added Value-added ServicesServices

SignalingSignalingInfrastructureInfrastructure

Billing, Mediation Billing, Mediation and Settlementand Settlement

Directory CapabilityDirectory Capability

Inter-Inter-operabilitoperabilit

yySecuritSecurit

yy

ApplicationApplicationss

DirectorDirectoryy

Thank You!jlee@verisign.com

703-948-3359