enum, voip, and “gangsta rap” how they all come together…
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ENUM, VoIP, and “Gangsta Rap” How They All Come Together…. Tom Kershaw Vice President, VoIP VeriSign. What Is ENUM?. ENUM is a protocol Born in the IETF Simple Concept: Use DNS to resolve addresses for VoIP Approved, Done, and Nothing Controversial ENUM is a Political Movement - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
ENUM, VoIP, and “Gangsta Rap”How They All Come Together….
Tom Kershaw
Vice President, VoIP
VeriSign
2
What Is ENUM?
ENUM is a protocol
Born in the IETF
Simple Concept: Use DNS to resolve addresses for VoIP
Approved, Done, and Nothing Controversial
ENUM is a Political Movement
Ownership of Addresses
National Sovereignty
Global Disarmament
Etc.
There is a strong need to separate the protocol/implementation issues from the public policy issues
3
Some Initial Comments on ENUM
Private (Carrier) ENUM v. Public (User) ENUM
Debates, Controversy, Confusion
The Key Points:
Carrier and User ENUM are different and should have different structures
Carrier and User ENUM are consistent and can co-exist peacefully
There is no clear agreement on what ENUM is for:
The wonderful world of the Internet
The wonderful world of the PSTN
The alleged convergence of these two things
OR….Something totally different
4
Current State of ENUM
Public ENUM trials and “production” environments
Austria, Australia, Korea are leading
Volume is very small
Driven by the Internet Community
Dependent on users actually caring
Public ENUM Regulatory Bodies
U.S., Japan
Driven by the PTTs
User involvement is little to none
Private ENUM efforts
Cable
Mobile Operators
5
Drivers for ENUM
The Driver Matters – Results are Different
Internet Community Driven
PTT Driven
Mobile Content Driven
What is the Goal of ENUM – To Drive IP-to-IP Communications that goes beyond traditional voice
People assume that VoIP operators and users are driving ENUM – but they are not
6
Who Cares About ENUM?
I don’t care about ENUM!
What are you talking about?
I love ENUM! I have all of his CDs!
7
VoIP and ENUM
ENUM is not relevant to VoIP yet
Volumes are too small
Japan Case
10 million VoIP endpoints
10% x 10% = 5% of calls are IP to IP
Benefits of the query with a 5% resolution rate is questionable
ENUM matters only when you can drive res rates above 25%
Enterprise Verticals
Communities of Interest
Peered Private-Public ENUM structures
IE – we have to drive volume and drive resolution rates up collectively rather than pursuing our own private interests
8
Conclusion: VoIP operators and users do not care about ENUM at present
But there is someone who does care about ENUM…..
9
Who Cares About ENUM?
I Love ENUM!
ENUM is great!
It makes me money.
10
U.S. Case: ENUM and Mobile Content
In the U.S. what is driving ENUM is mobile content
50 Cent makes more money off of ENUM than all the VoIP operators combined
When a user downloads a ringtone, it is sent to the destination MMSC using SMPP
SMPP requires a mailto: address
ENUM is used to discover the mailto: address of the destination
This application leads to some perverse results
how to you map the phone number to the correct mailto:
what if the number is ported?
what is the number is issued under an MVNO?
11
Business/Regulatory State of the “Roots”
Tier 0: • Only one database controlled by RIPE NCC and ITU (policy only) • Contains participating country codes.• Delegation would be at the NPA level for the US
Tier I:• Several valid country specific public trials – Austria is leading• U.S. has decided to issue a tender for CC1, split into to administrative domains• Lot’s of Boring Trials Going on Now
Tier II:• A Few Interesting Trials Underway• Every Carrier and Cooperative will have a Root• VoIP Tier IIs brag about 500K users; Mobile will be in the 50 Millions soon
12
Current Issues With ENUM
Very few VoIP platforms support ENUM today
Nobody has figured out how to make money from ENUM yet
Nothing in ENUM you can’t do with SIP
Huge political issues over data ownership• Who wants to be the root?
ENUM solves only a small part of the problem• Where you are is easy – how to get to you in a secure, reliable matter is
another issue
Mobile Content application is creating a critical mass in ENUM that is not necessarily consistent with the VoIP application
13
ENUM: Missing Pieces
I Know the Destination Domain of the Called Party
I Can Now Query the Destination to Find the IP Address
But:
What QoS Rules are Associated with the Destination
What Protocol/Variations are Available at the Destination
What Network Path to Take
What Security Policies/Keys Are Needed
ENUM provides the information, but assumes the network will be able to figure it out.
Reality: It Won’t (at least not yet)
14
Private Peering: Real World Example
VeriSign Private Root
Private IP Backbone
Enterprise Location Server
Private ENUM
Call Control
Call Control
Call Control
Call Control
IN NAPTR 10 10 "u" "E2U+sip" “!^.*$!sip:[email protected]!”
IN NAPTR 10 10 "u" “E2U+mailto" “!^.*$!mailto:[email protected]
15
Solving the Underlying Network ProblemMany Carriers & Enterprises utilize MPLS for Real-Time Transport
• Connection oriented traffic engineering with bandwidth protection
• Quality-of-Service mechanisms (e.g. voice prioritization)
• Secure MPLS Tunnels/MPLS Virtual Private Networking
Problem: No Exit• MPLS protects the on-net traffic
• There is no way off
• Firewalls are never touched
INTERNET PSTNMPLS CORE
VoIP Gateway
Federated Extranet (Domain Bridging NAP)
SITE A
Internet Gateway
THIG
NRD
SITE B
BearerSignaling
Redundant carrier-grade THIGs utilized by one or more federation members
Internet/External connectivity is a completely separate connection
16
MPLS and ENUM
BearerSignaling
INTERNET
PSTN
Federated Extranet (Domain Bridging NAP)
Corporation A(MPLS VPN A)
NRD
THIG
Corporation B(MPLS VPN B)
MPLS Carrier A
Corporation B(MPLS VPN B)
MPLS Carrier B
Corporation A(MPLS VPN A)
SS7
ENUM
DNS
DA
17
Public and Private: A Real Example
Austrian Public Root
Public IP Backbone
VeriSign Private
Root
Company 2Company 1
IN NAPTR 10 10 "u" "E2U+sip" “!^.*$!sip:[email protected]!”
IN NAPTR 10 10 "u" “E2U+mailto" “!^.*$!mailto:[email protected]
Private IP Backbone
18
Extending ENUM: EREG, DNS Extensions, etc.
Tier 1 ENUM
Option 1
Location Server/Registrar
Tier 2
ENUM
Call Control
Call Control
Call Control
Call Control
IN NAPTR 10 10 "u" "E2U+sip" “!^.*$!sip:[email protected]!”
IN NAPTR 10 10 "u" “E2U+mailto" “!^.*$!mailto:[email protected] Resources
EREG
Option 2
Option 3
Perimeter Security and Interop Resources
19
ENUM Issues to Be Resolved
Critical Mass (the Network Problem)
Application developers
Public or private directories
Update rate
One or many - providers, databases, …
Regulatory and policy issues
New identifiers
Coverage
PSTN Service Logic
20
Conclusions
ENUM is currently a mess
Private, Public, Mobile applications are uncoordinated and there is mass confusion
Keep the end goal in mind – creating a public IP infrastructure for applications (voice, video, IM, gaming, etc)
Opt-Out of Opt-In
First to 30 million wins
Anyone doing Private ENUM that is not peering is being short-sighted
And finally…
ENUM: The Preferred Protocol of Gangsta Rap
